欢迎访问林业科学,今天是

林业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (2): 110-118.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180212

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

阔叶红松林不同林分对地表甲虫群落的影响

刘生冬, 孟昕, 孟庆繁, 李燕, 赵红蕊, 高文韬   

  1. 北华大学林学院 吉林 132013
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-04 修回日期:2017-06-27 出版日期:2018-02-25 发布日期:2018-03-30
  • 基金资助:
    科技部科技支撑计划(2012BAD19B0705,2014Y110600);国家自然科学基金项目(31600517);吉林省科技引导计划国际科技合作项目(20140414055GH);北华大学博士科研启动基金项目;北华大学青年科研创新团队培育计划项目。

Influence of Different Stands on Ground-Dwelling Beetle Community in Broad-Leaved Korean Pine Forests

Liu Shengdong, Meng Xin, Meng Qingfan, Li Yan, Zhao Hongrui, Gao Wentao   

  1. Forestry College of Beihua University Jilin 132013
  • Received:2017-05-04 Revised:2017-06-27 Online:2018-02-25 Published:2018-03-30

摘要: [目的]研究阔叶红松林不同林分地表甲虫的物种组成和多样性,揭示林分类型及林分因子对地表甲虫多样性的影响,为评价天然林在保护地表甲虫中的作用及为制定基于地表甲虫保护和利用的森林经营方案提供科学依据。[方法]2012-2013年,在地表甲虫的整个活跃期,采用陷阱法在吉林蛟河杨桦林、水胡林、阔叶红松林A和阔叶红松林B中诱集地表甲虫,对林分及郁闭度、林龄、枯落物厚度、草本盖度、每公顷株数、灌木盖度对地表甲虫多样性的影响进行分析。[结果]共采集地表甲虫9 849头,隶属于22科79种,其中步甲科、埋葬甲科和隐翅虫科为本研究的优势类群,尖齿通缘步甲为优势种,同时也是各林分的优势种,不同林分中地表甲虫物种组成具有一定差异。阔叶红松林(A和B)中地表甲虫的多样性高于杨桦林和水胡林,地表甲虫的个体数与均匀度呈显著负相关,阔叶红松林(A和B)间地表甲虫的相似性最高,处于中等相似水平。不同林分对步甲科、埋葬甲科和隐翅虫科的个体数有显著影响,阔叶红松林(A和B)中的数量显著高于杨桦林和水胡林。步甲科对杨桦林的适应能力略高于埋葬甲科和隐翅虫科,不同林分中步甲科和隐翅虫科的个体数量具有较强的相关性,符合线性模型Y=89.68+3.241x。[结论]林分组成和结构直接影响林分内部的生态环境和相关因子,不同林分因子对各地表甲虫类群的影响不同,郁闭度、林龄和枯落物厚度相对埋葬甲科有较强的正向影响;草本盖度、每公顷株数和灌木盖度对步甲科具有正向影响;各林分因子对隐翅虫科的影响相对较弱。本研究各林分的结构和林龄不同,人为干扰较少,在长期生长过程中形成了各自相对稳定的内部生态环境,这些环境影响地表甲虫的生存和繁殖。阔叶红松林(A和B)林分组成复杂,内部环境对地表甲虫的生存更为有利,同时,稀有种类较多,其在保护地表甲虫多样性方面起着更加重要的作用。

关键词: 地表甲虫, 多样性, 阔叶红松林, 林分, 林分因子

Abstract: [Objective] The broad-leaved Korean pine forests were typical zonal forest community in eastern forest areas in northeast China, with high biological diversity. In this paper, we systematically investigated species composition and diversity of ground-dwelling beetles in the different stands of broad-leaved Korean pine forests, and revealed the influence of stand types and stand factors on diversity of ground-dwelling beetles, in order to evaluate the role of natural forests in the protection of ground-dwelling beetles, and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of forest management plans based on the protection and utilization of the ground-dwelling beetles.[Method] In the active period of ground-dwelling beetles during 2012 and 2013, the beetles were traped by using pitfall traps at four stands in Jiaohe district, Jilin Province. The influences of stand types and stand factors, including canopy density, stand age, litter thickness, herb coverage, stems per hectare, and shrub coverage, on the diversity of the beetles were analyzed.[Result] Totally 9 849 specimens of ground-dwelling beetles were catched and they belong to 79 species of 22 families. The dominant groups included Carabidae, Silphidae and Staphylinidae, in which Pterostichus acutiden (Coleoptera:Carabidae) was the most dominant species. Species compositions of the ground-dwelling beetles were different in different stands. Their diversity was higher in the broad-leaved Korean pine forests (A and B) than the poplar-birch forest and the ash-walnut forest. It was showed that there was a significant negative correlation between individual and evenness of ground-dwelling beetles, and the similarity coefficient was highest between broad-leaved Korean pine forest A and broad-leaved Korean pine forest B. The individual number of Carabidae, Silphidae, Staphylinidae was significantly different in different stands. It was significantly greater in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest (A and B) in than the poplar-birch forest and ash-walnut forest. Carabidae had slightly higher adaptive capacity to the poplar-birch forest than Silphidae and Staphylinidae, and there was a strong correlation in the individual number between Carabidae and Staphylinidae in different stands, with the linear model Y=89.68+3.241x.[Conclusion] The composition and structure of the stand directly affected the internal ecological environment and related factors. The different stand factors had different effects on each group of ground-dwelling beetles. Canopy density, stand age, litter depth had a strong positive influence on the individual number of Silphidae, herb coverage, stems per hectare, shrub coverage had a small influence on the individual number of Carabidae, and the stand factors had a weak influence on the individual number of Staphylinidae. In this study, the stand structure and age were different with less human disturbance, thus a stable internal ecological environment was formed in the process of long-term growth, and the environment influenced survival and reproduction of ground-dwelling beetles as well. The composition of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest (A and B) was complex, and the internal ecological environment was favorable for the survival of ground-dwelling beetles with relative abundant rare species. Therefore it played a more important role in protecting the diversity of ground-dwelling beetle.

Key words: ground-dwelling beetles, diversity, broad-leaved Korean pine forest, stands, stand facors

中图分类号: