天山西部新疆野苹果种群特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20101101

林业科学 ›› 2010, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1-7.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20101101

• 论文 • 下一篇

天山西部新疆野苹果种群特征

刘华^1，2臧润国²丁易²张炜银²郭仲军³白志强³刘双成⁴

1. 安徽农业大学林学与园林学院合肥230036; 2. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林生态与环境重点实验室北京100091; 3. 新疆林业科学研究院森林生态研究所乌鲁木齐830000; 4. 天西林业局巩留林场巩留835401

收稿日期:2009-12-11 修回日期:2010-02-08 出版日期:2010-11-25 发布日期:2010-11-25
通讯作者: 臧润国

Population Characteristics of Malus sieversii in the West Part of Tianshan Mountains，Xinjiang

Liu Hua^1,2Zang Runguo²Ding Yi²Zhang Weiyin²Guo Zhongjun³Bai Zhiqiang³Liu Shuangcheng⁴

1.School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036; 2.Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment,the State Forestry AdministrationInstitute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091; 3.Institute of Forest Ecology, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry ScienceUrumuqi 830000; 4.Forest Farm of Gongliu County, Forestry Bureau of TianxiGongliu 835401

Received:2009-12-11 Revised:2010-02-08 Online:2010-11-25 Published:2010-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在天山西部大莫合沟、小莫合沟和交吾托海沟3个新疆野苹果典型分布区，开展新疆野苹果群落学调查。结果表明: 新疆野苹果多以纯林形式分布于天山山脉的阴坡或半阴坡，在部分地段伴生少量的野杏、天山云杉等树种; 3个地点新疆野苹果种群的径级分布均呈单峰型; 3个种群在Ⅱ～Ⅵ径级的株数较多，其他径级较少; 大莫合沟种群的各径级都有个体分布，其结构较小莫合沟和交吾托海沟2个种群完整; 3个地点新疆野苹果种群的高度结构也均呈单峰型，3个地点新疆野苹果种群在同一径级的平均树高差异显著; 在新疆野苹果主要分布海拔范围1 200～1 700 m内，新疆野苹果地径和枝下高随海拔的升高而降低，树高和冠幅随海拔的升高呈下降或单峰型的变化趋势; 调查区内新疆野苹果林分的平均郁闭度比较低，为0.48±0.03，大莫合沟林分郁闭度仅为0.38±0.04，与小莫合沟(0.55±0.09)和交吾托海沟(0.51±0.08)间差异显著; 大莫合沟的平均林分密度为(319.2±44.1)株·hm^-2，较小莫合沟的(502.3±151.1)株·hm^-2和交吾托海沟的(325.0±91.1)株·hm^-2的小; 大莫合沟林分密度和郁闭度随海拔的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势，小莫合沟和交吾托海沟新疆野苹果林分密度和郁闭度随海拔的增加而呈先增加后降低的趋势; 由于农田开垦、过度放牧和打草以及苹果小吉丁虫的蔓延危害，新疆野苹果的幼苗极少，影响其种群的更新和发展。

关键词: 新疆野苹果, 种群, 径级结构, 树高结构, 林分因子

Abstract:

The population and community characteristics of Malus sieversii were investigated in its three typical distribution areas (Damohe valley, Xiaomohe valley, and Jiaowutuohai valley ) in the western part of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. The result showed that most of the M. sieversii trees grew on the shade or semi-shade slopes and formed pure stands, with some mixed with other woody species such as Armeniaca vulgaris and Picea schrenkianavar. tianschanica. The stem diameter classes of the three populations all exhibited a unimodal pattern, with more stems belonged to the Ⅱ-Ⅵ diameter classes. The diameter class pattern of the Damohe valley population was more close to normal distribution than those of the Xiaomohe and the Jiaowutuohai valleys populations. The tree height class distribution of the populations in the three locations all exhibited a unimodal pattern too. There were significant differences in mean tree height in each diameter class among the three populations. In the main distribution elevation of 1 200-1 700 m, the tree height and crown width of the Xiaomohe valley population showed parabolic profile with increasing altitude, while the parameters of the Damohe valley and the Jiaowutuohai valley populations decreased with the increasing elevation, However, their ground diameter and height below the first branch all decreased with the increasing elevation. The mean canopy density of the stands dominated by M. sieversii was 0.48±0.03. The canopy density in the Damohe valley (0.38±0.04) was lower than those in the Xiaomohe valley (0.55±0.09) and the Jiaowutuohai valley (0.51±0.08). The mean stand density in the Damohe valley (319.2±44.1) tree·hm^-2 was lower than those in the Xiaomohe valley (502.3±151.1) tree·hm^-2 and the Jiaowutuohai valley (325.0±91.1) tree·hm^-2. With an increase in elevation, the change of stand canopy density and stand density in the Xiaomohe valley and the Jiaowutuohai valley all revealed a unimodal pattern, while that in the Damohe valley was opposite. There were limited regeneration seedlings in the stands due to farmland development, overgrazing, grass cutting, and insect damage in the wild fruit forest stands.

Key words: Malus sieversii, population, diameter class, tree height class, stand factors

刘华;臧润国丁易张炜银郭仲军白志强刘双成. 天山西部新疆野苹果种群特征[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(11): 1-7.

Liu Hua;Zang RunguoDing YiZhang WeiyinGuo ZhongjunBai ZhiqiangLiu Shuangcheng. Population Characteristics of Malus sieversii in the West Part of Tianshan Mountains，Xinjiang[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2010, 46(11): 1-7.

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天山西部新疆野苹果种群特征

Population Characteristics of Malus sieversii in the West Part of Tianshan Mountains，Xinjiang

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