毛竹林各器官对N素的吸收和利用率

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160508

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的] 探究毛竹中肥料N素分配状况与N肥利用率,为毛竹林的精准施肥及可持续经营提供科学依据。[方法] 在立地条件一致具有典型性、代表性的毛竹纯林,设置6块20 m×20 m样地,包括施肥处理和不施肥处理,每个样地内设置一5 m×5 m的样方,在样方内应用¹⁵N示踪技术,通过施用¹⁵N标记尿素,分析N素的分配状况和利用率。[结果] 1) 不同年龄毛竹之间,¹⁵N分配率、N肥利用率及¹⁵N占总N素比例均表现为: 1年 > 3年 > 5年,1年与3年、5年差异显著(P<0.05),3年与5年差异不显著(P>0.05)。2) 不同器官之间,1年生竹的竹秆、竹蔸和竹叶具有较大的¹⁵N分配率和N肥利用率,3年与5年生竹为竹秆、竹鞭和竹蔸,林分水平上为竹秆、竹根和竹鞭; 1年生竹的竹根、竹蔸和竹叶中¹⁵N占总N素的比例较大,3年和5年生为竹鞭、竹根和竹蔸。3) 林分对N肥的利用率较低,为13.96%±0.88%。[结论] 新竹能有效利用N肥,随竹龄增长,地下器官(竹蔸、竹鞭和竹根)在N肥利用上的优势地位逐渐增强,可以考虑加强对新竹和鞭根集中分布区施肥来促进N肥的有效吸收利用。整个林分水平上,毛竹对N肥的吸收利用较差,对其原因需进行深入研究。

关键词: 毛竹, ¹⁵N示踪技术, 分配, 利用率

Abstract:

[Objective] Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is an important ecological and economic bamboo species and it is critical to figure out how to increase its nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency in the intensive management process. This study was conducted in an intensively-managed moso bamboo forest in Lin'an city, Zhejiang province, and aimed to explore the utilization and distribution of N fertilizer accurately, in order to provide a scientific support for precise fertilization and sustainable forest management. [Method] In this study, we set 6 sample plots with 20 m×20 m in size. These plots were fertilized or unfertilized, and each of them contained a quadrat with 5 m×5 m in size. By using ¹⁵N-urea and ¹⁵N tracer technique in the quadrat, we investigated the distribution in the bamboo and the N fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) derived from N fertilizer. [Result] The ¹⁵N distribution ratio (¹⁵NDR) and NUE were different between different ages of bamboos, with 1 a > 3 a > 5 a. One-year-old bamboo had significantly greater distribution ratio and NUE than the other two ages, whereas there was no significant difference in the distribution ratio and NUE between the latter ages. As for different organs, the culm, underground culm and leaf had higher ¹⁵NDR and NUE in one-year-old bamboo, while the underground culm and rhizome had higher ¹⁵NDR and NUE in 3- and 5-year-old bamboos. Meanwhile, the root, underground culm and leaf in one-year-old bamboo had higher ratio of ¹⁵N to total N, while the rhizome, root and underground culm in 3- and 5-year-old bamboos had higher ratio of ¹⁵N to total N. The NUE of the bamboo forest was lower, with only 13.96%±0.88%. [Conclusion] Young bamboo was able to absorb N from fertilizer more efficiently, while the underground organs had an increasing trend toward using fertilizer with increased age, suggesting that strengthening fertilization to young bamboo and underground organs could greatly promote fertilizer use efficiency. Moreover, moso bamboo forest had lower N fertilizer use efficiency, which deserves further researches in the future.

Key words: Phyllostachys edulis, ¹⁵N tracer technique, distribution, use efficiency

中图分类号:

S718.4

毛超, 漆良华, 刘琦蕊, 宋新章, 张宇. 毛竹林各器官对N素的吸收和利用率[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(5): 64-70.

Mao Chao, Qi Lianghua, Liu Qirui, Song Xinzhang, Zhang Yu. The Distribution and Use Efficiency of Nitrogen in Phyllostachys edulis Forest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(5): 64-70.

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