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林业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (8): 106-116.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180812

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

毛竹和伴矿景天对重金属污染土壤的修复作用和对微生物群落的影响

卞方圆1, 钟哲科1, 张小平1, 杨传宝1, 苏文会2   

  1. 1. 国家林业局竹子研究开发中心 浙江省竹子高效加工重点实验室 杭州 310012;
    2. 国际竹藤中心 国家林业局竹藤科学与技术重点实验室 北京 100102
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-27 修回日期:2018-05-20 出版日期:2018-08-25 发布日期:2018-08-18
  • 基金资助:
    林业公益性行业科研专项(201504407)。

Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil by Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) Intercropping with Sedum plumbizincicola and the Impact on Microbial Community Structure

Bian Fangyuan1, Zhong Zheke1, Zhang Xiaoping1, Yang Chuanbao1, Su Wenhui2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province China National Bamboo Research Center Hangzhou 310000;
    2. Key Laboratoryof Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan of State Forestry Administration International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing 100102
  • Received:2017-04-27 Revised:2018-05-20 Online:2018-08-25 Published:2018-08-18

摘要: [目的]研究毛竹与超积累植物伴矿景天对重金属复合污染土壤的修复效果,探索不同种植模式对微生物群落的影响,为重金属污染土壤的修复提供科技支撑。[方法]对长期受重金属污染(Cu,Zn和Cd)的土壤,设置毛竹纯林(SM)、毛竹与伴矿景天间作林(IMS)2种模式,以无栽培土壤作为对照(CK),测试土壤化学性质及重金属含量的变化,并利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物群落结构。[结果]种植4年后,土壤中重金属全量和有效态含量均为CK > SM > IMS。与CK相比,Cu、Zn和Cd全量含量在IMS土壤中分别下降47.8%、21.6%和23.7%,在MS土壤中分别下降39.0%、12.5%和23.0%;Cu、Zn和Cd有效态含量在IMS土壤中分别下降65.0%、28.7%和48.4%,在MS土壤中分别下降52.8%、24.8%和45.5%。在门分类水平上,3类检测土壤中的微生物丰度高于1%的有变形菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门)、浮霉菌门、疣微菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、绿弯菌门和WS3等共10个门,其中变形菌门为最优势的菌,其相对丰度占30%以上。2种种植模式(SM和IMS)及对照的土壤在放线菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、拟杆菌门和绿弯菌门等4个门水平上的微生物多样性存在显著差异(P<0.05)。从微生物丰度与土壤重金属含量的相关性分析得到,全量及有效态重金属含量与硝化螺旋菌门、放线菌门(有效Zn除外)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与拟杆菌门呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。虽然3类土壤微生物经α-多样性分析无显著差异,但基于β-多样性分析发现它们存在显著差异(ANOSIM,P<0.05)。[结论]IMS和SM种植模式有效降低了土壤中的重金属含量,表现出较好的土壤修复效果。同时,不同种植模式对重金属污染土壤的微生物群落结构及群落多样性产生了显著影响,SM和IMS均有利于增加土壤细菌群落的多样性,其中SM模式的土壤微生物多样性较为丰富。土壤微生物群落在重金属污染土壤的生态修复上及指示重金属耐受性和敏感性等方面均起着重要作用。

关键词: 毛竹, 伴矿景天, 植物修复, 重金属, 污染土壤, 微生物群落

Abstract: [Objective] This study aimed to investigate the phytoremediation effect of Phyllostachys edulis (moso bamboo) with a hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola in heavy metal contaminated soil and to explore the influence of different planting patterns on soil microbial communities. The result could provide scientific support for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.[Method] Single cropping of moso bamboo (SM), intercropping of moso bamboo×S. plumbizincicola (IMS) and the control (uncultivated) (CK) were established in the soil with long-term heavy metal (Cu, Zn and Cd) pollution.The changes of soil chemical properties and heavy metal contents were determined. And soil microbial community structure was analyzed by Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing technique.[Result] In four years after establishing the systems, the available and total heavy metals contents in the soil were both in the following order:CK > SM > IMS. The contents of total Cu, Zn and Cd in IMS were 47.8%, 21.6%, 23.7% lower than those in CK, and in SM were 39.0%, 12.5%, 23.0% lower than those in CK, respectively. The contents of available Cu, Zn and Cd in IMS were 65.0%, 28.7%, 48.4% lower than those in CK, and in MM were 52.8%, 24.8%, 45.5% lower than those in CK, respectively. There were ten phyla of microorganisms with the abundance >1% in the three type soils, including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Nitrospira, Chloroflexi and WS3. Proteobacteria was the most dominant bacteria, accounting for more than 30% in each sample. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Nitrospira, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi among the two planting patterns (SM and IMS) and the control soil.The analysis of the correlation among microorganisms and soil heavy metals showed that the total and the available values of heavy metals were significantly negatively correlated with Nitrospira and Acidobacteria (except for available Zn) (P<0.01), and significantly positively correlated with Bacteroidetes (P<0.01). Although there were no significant differences in α-diversity analysis, there were significant differences of microorganisms among three types of soils (ANOSIM, P<0.05) according to the β-diversity analysis.[Conclusion] The IMS and SM patterns can effectively reduce the contents of soil heavy metals, showing a preferable soil remediation effect.Meanwhile, the different planting patterns have a significant effect on the composition of the soil microbes. The soil microbial community structure and the community diversity have undergone significant changes. The SM and IMS planting patterns are both beneficial to the increase of soil bacterial diversity, and the SM is relatively more abundant. Soil microbiota plays an important role in the ecological restoration of heavy metal contaminated soil, and indication of the tolerance and sensitivity of heavy metals.

Key words: moso bamboo, Sedum plumbizincicola, phytoremediation, heavy metal, contaminated soil, bacterial community

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