毛竹林覆盖经营对土壤养分含量、酶活性及微生物生物量的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190113

林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (1): 110-118.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190113

毛竹林覆盖经营对土壤养分含量、酶活性及微生物生物量的影响

王波¹, 李琴¹, 朱炜², 陈文海³, 祝虹梁⁴, 沈泉⁵, 朱安明⁶, 赵建诚¹

1. 浙江省林业科学研究院浙江省竹类研究重点实验室国家林业和草原局竹笋工程技术研究中心杭州 310023;
2. 浙江省湖州市林业局湖州 313000;
3. 海宁市林业果树技术服务站海宁 314400;
4. 绍兴市环境绿化工作站绍兴 312000;
5. 浙江省长兴县林业局长兴 313100;
6. 中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所北京 100091

收稿日期:2017-06-20 修回日期:2018-10-10 出版日期:2019-01-25 发布日期:2019-01-06
基金资助:
中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目（2017TS02，2015TS07）；"十三五"国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0600902）。

Effects of Mulching Management on Nutrient Contents, Enzyme Activities, and Microbial Biomass in the Soils of Moso Bamboo Forests

Wang Bo¹, Li Qin¹, Zhu Wei², Chen Wenhai³, Zhu Hongliang⁴, Shen Quan⁵, Zhu Anming⁶, Zhao Jiancheng¹

1. Zhejiang Academy of Forestry Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bamboo Research Bamboo Shoot Engineering and Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Hangzhou 310023;
2. Huzhou Forestry Bureau of Zhejiang Huzhou 313000;
3. Forestry and Fruit Technical Service Station of Agricultural Economics Bureau of Haining Haining 314400;
4. Shaoxing Environment and Greening Station of Zhejiang Shaoxing 312000;
5. Changxing Forestry Bureau of Zhejiang Changxing 313100;
6. Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091

Received:2017-06-20 Revised:2018-10-10 Online:2019-01-25 Published:2019-01-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]探讨覆盖经营（稻草+竹叶+砻糠）毛竹林的退化原因，此期为退化毛竹林恢复提供理论参考。[方法]选择不同覆盖年限（1，2和3年）毛竹林，以未覆盖毛竹林作对照，分别测定0~40 cm土层的土壤pH值、养分含量、酶活性及微生物生物量。[结果]随着毛竹林覆盖年限增加，土壤pH值降低（即土壤酸化）；土壤有机质含量呈升高趋势；土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量表现为逐渐升高的变化规律，均显著高于未覆盖毛竹林（P<0.05）；土壤速效养分（碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾）含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势，以覆盖1年的最高，且显著高于未覆盖毛竹林（P<0.05），覆盖3年后显著低于未覆盖毛竹林（P<0.05）；土壤C/N和N/P随覆盖年限增加逐渐升高，N/K先升高后降低，而P/K呈逐渐降低趋势；土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势，以覆盖1年的最高；土壤蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性则呈逐渐降低趋势；土壤微生物生物量呈现先升高后降低的趋势，以覆盖1年的最高；细菌、放线菌生物量与微生物生物量表现出一致的变化规律，真菌生物量则逐渐升高；好氧细菌生物量先升高后降低，覆盖3年后显著低于未覆盖毛竹林（P<0.05）；真菌与细菌的生物量比值呈先降低后升高的趋势，但覆盖1年后与未覆盖毛竹林间差异不显著（P>0.05）。[结论]与覆盖1年毛竹林相比，长期连续覆盖经营导致土壤酸化明显，养分比例失衡，酶活性逐渐降低，土壤微生物区系发生变化，从而导致土壤劣变，竹林退化。生产中建议采用休养式覆盖经营模式，即隔年覆盖（覆盖1年休养1年），同时，在自然出笋时要及时清除覆盖物并减少残留量，还需合理使用化肥。

关键词: 毛竹, 覆盖, 养分, 酶活性, 微生物生物量

Abstract: [Objective] This study aims to investigate the causes for degradation of Phyllostachys edulis forest under mulching management (straw + bamboo leaf + rice chaff), in order to provide a theoretical basis for the restoration of degraded P. edulis forest.[Method] Bamboo stands with different mulching ages (1, 2, 3 a) and non-mulching (Control) stands were selected, soil pH value, nutrient contents, enzyme activities and microbial biomass in 0-40 cm soil layer were measured, respectively.[Result] With the increase of mulching years, the soil pH value gradually reduced, i.e. soil acidification. The content of soil organic matters increased with the increase of mulching years. Soil total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK) content increased gradually, and they were significantly higher than that in non-mulching stand (P<0.05). Contents of soil available nutrients (available N, available P, available K) increased and followed by a decrease, and peaked in mulching 1 a stand. Contents of soil available nutrients in mulching 1 a stand were significantly higher than that in the non-mulching stand (P<0.05), while they were significantly lower in mulching 3 a stand than that in the non-mulching stand (P<0.05). With the increase of mulching years, soil C/N and N/P gradually increased, N/K increased first and followed by a decrease, while P/K gradually decreased. Urease and sucrase activities increased first and followed by a decrease with the increase of mulching years, and peaked in mulching 1 a stand. While protease, catalase and acid phosphatase activities gradually decreased. Soil microbial biomass increased first and followed by a decrease with the increase of mulching years, and it was the largest in mulching 1 a stand. Bacteria and actinomyces biomasses showed the same variation tendency as the microbial biomass, while fungi biomass gradually increased. Aerobic bacteria biomass increased first and followed by a decrease, and it was significantly lower in mulching 3 a stand than that in the non-mulching stand (P<0.05). Ratio of fungi biomass and bacteria biomass (F/B) showed a decrease first and followed by an increase, and there was no significant difference in mulching 3 a stand and the non-mulching stand (P>0.05).[Conclusion] Compared with mulching 1 a Moso bamboo forest, long term mulching management may lead to soil acidification, the imbalance of nutrients proportions, decreasing of enzyme activities and change of soil microbial flora, resulting in soil deterioration and the degradation of P. edulis forests. Therefore, rotated mulching management (mulching 1 a and then recuperating 1 a) should be recommended in practice. In addition, mulching materials should be removed in time at shooting period to reduce the amount of residue, and the rational application of chemical fertilizer should also be considered.

Key words: Phyllostachys edulis, mulching, nutrient, enzyme activity, microbial biomass

中图分类号:

S714

王波, 李琴, 朱炜, 陈文海, 祝虹梁, 沈泉, 朱安明, 赵建诚. 毛竹林覆盖经营对土壤养分含量、酶活性及微生物生物量的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(1): 110-118.

Wang Bo, Li Qin, Zhu Wei, Chen Wenhai, Zhu Hongliang, Shen Quan, Zhu Anming, Zhao Jiancheng. Effects of Mulching Management on Nutrient Contents, Enzyme Activities, and Microbial Biomass in the Soils of Moso Bamboo Forests[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(1): 110-118.

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毛竹林覆盖经营对土壤养分含量、酶活性及微生物生物量的影响

Effects of Mulching Management on Nutrient Contents, Enzyme Activities, and Microbial Biomass in the Soils of Moso Bamboo Forests

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