分根区交替渗灌对银杏苗木生长及生理的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20130608

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨银杏对分根区交替灌溉的适应性,以3年生分根盆栽银杏为试材,研究3种供水方式和3个供水量对银杏幼苗生长、光合及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明: 分根区交替灌溉能抑制地上部分的过分生长,激发吸收根的生长进而提高根冠比,增强植物的适应能力,吸收根干质量分别比固定根区灌溉和全根区灌溉增加6.7%和37%,根冠比分别提高50.1%和10.7%。分根区交替灌溉在不显著影响银杏水分状况和光合速率的情况下,可以对气孔导度进行有效的调控,减少奢侈蒸腾,提高水分利用效率,其中灌溉水分利用效率值比固定根区灌溉和全根区灌溉分别提高51.7%和33.3%,瞬时水分利用效率值分别提高4%和20.5%,在轻度干旱时银杏苗的水分利用效率最高。分根区交替灌溉对银杏生理、生长指标有显著的影响,是一种有效的节水灌溉技术和生长调控手段。

关键词: 银杏, 分根交替渗灌, 生长特性, 光合速率, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

This study was conducted to evaluate the adaptability of the alternative partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) on Ginkgo biloba. Potted 3-year-old G. biloba with divided root zones were used to investigate effects of irrigation regimes on growth, photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE). Results showed that APRI inhibited the aboveground redundancy vegetative growth, stimulated the absorption root growth and improved the root and shoot ratio. Dry weight of the absorption roots with APRI increased by 6.7% and 37% and the root shoot ratio with APRI increased by 50.1% and 10.7%, respectively, compared with the fixed partial root-zone subirrigation (PS) and the full root-zone subirrigation (FS). APRI decreased the stomatal conductance and transpiration without obvious change in leaf water status and photosynthetic rate, therefore the irrigation WUE and leaf instantaneous WUE improved by 51.7%, 33.3% and 4%, 20.5% respectively as compared to PS and FS treatments. In conclusion, APRI had significant influence on physiology and growth of G. biloba seedlings and was an effective method of water saving and growth regulating.

Key words: Ginkgo biloba, alternative partial root-zone irrigation, growth features, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S723.6

王磊, 曹福亮, 吴家胜. 分根区交替渗灌对银杏苗木生长及生理的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(6): 52-59.

Wang Lei, Cao Fuliang, Wu Jiasheng. Effects of Alternative Partial Root-Zone Irrigation on Growth and Physiology of Ginkgo biloba Seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2013, 49(6): 52-59.

参考文献

曹福亮. 2003.中国银杏. 南京: 江苏省科学技术出版社.

杜太生,康绍忠.2011.基于水分-品质响应关系的特色经济作物节水调质高效灌溉.水利学报,42(2): 245-252.

杜太生,康绍忠,胡笑涛,等.2004.时空亏缺调控灌溉——果园节水理论的新突破.沈阳农业大学学报,35(5): 449-454.

洪丽芸,田大伦,李芳,等.2008.不同灌溉方式对银杏水分生理的影响.中南林业科技大学学报,28(1): 49-52.

李洁,姚延梼,周春娥,等. 2012.分区交替水分胁迫对草乌光合特性的影响.林业科学,48(6): 72-79.

刘松忠,魏钦平,王小伟,等.2010. 苹果根域交替、定位灌水对新梢生长和叶片生理的影响. 园艺学报,37(11): 1721-1728.

刘贤赵,宿庆,孙海燕.2010.根系分区交替灌溉不同交替周期对苹果树生长、产量及品质的影响.生态学报, 30(18): 4881-4888.

秦大河. 2009.气候变化与干旱. 科技导报,(11): 3.

宋磊,岳玉苓,狄方坤,等.2008.分根交替灌溉对桃树生长发育及水分利用效率的影响.应用生态学报,19(7): 1631-1636.

王玉涛.2008. 北京城市优良抗旱节水植物材料的筛选与评价研究.北京林业大学博士学位论文.

韦小丽,喻理飞,朱守谦,等.2007.土壤干湿交替对青檀幼苗生理及生长的影响.林业科学, 43(8): 23-28.

魏钦平,刘松忠,王小伟,等.2009.分根交替不同灌水量对苹果生长和叶片生理特性的影响. 中国农业科学,42(8): 2844-2851.

吴家胜,应叶青,周国模.2007.喜树叶用园的密度效应. 浙江林学院学报,24(6):666-669.

许大全.1997.光合作用气孔限制分析中的一些问题. 植物生理学通讯,33(4): 241-244.

张建华,贾文锁,康绍忠.2001.根系分区灌溉和水分利用效率(英文).西北植物学报,21(2): 191-197.

朱灿灿.2010. 银杏叶次生代谢产物的环境诱导机制及其调控.南京: 南京林业大学博士学位论文.

Aganchich B, Wahbi S, Loreto F.2009. Partial root zone drying: regulation of photosynthetic limitations and antioxidant enzymatic activities in young olive (Olea europaea) saplings. Tree Physiology,29(5): 685-696.

Ahmadi S H, Andersen M N, Plauborg F,et al.2010.Effects of irrigation strategies and soils on field grown potatoes: Yield and water productivity.Agricultural Water Management, 97(11):

1923-1930.

Centritto M, Wahbi S, Serraj R.2005. Effects of partial rootzone drying (PRD) on adult olive tree (Olea europaea) in field conditions under arid climate: II. Photosynthetic responses. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,106(2/3): 303-311.

Dodd I C, Egea G, Davies W J.2008.Accounting for sap flow from different parts of the root system improves the prediction of xylem ABA concentration in plants grown with heterogeneous soil moisture. Journal of Experimental Botany,59(15): 4083-4093.

Du T S, Kang S Z, Zhang J H, et al.2008.Water use efficiency and fruit quality of table grape under alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation.Agricultural Water Management,95(6): 659-668.

Hu T T, Yuan L N, Wang J F, et al.2010.Antioxidation responses of maize roots and leaves to partial root-zone irrigation.Agricultural Water Management,98(1): 164-171.

Kang S Z, Zhang J H.2004.Controlled alternate partial root-zone irrigation: its physiological consequences and impact on water use efficiency.Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(407): 2437-2446.

Lo Bianco R, Francaviglia D.2012. Comparative responses of ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apple trees to deficit irrigation: Placement versus volume effects. Plant and Soil, 357(1/2): 41-58.

Mousavi S F,Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi S, Mostafazadeh-Fard B.2010.Effects of partial rootzone drying on yield, yield components, and irrigation water use efficiency of canola (Brassica napus L.). Paddy and Water Environment, 8(2): 157-163.

Poni S, Bernizzoni F, Civardi S.2007.Response of "Sangiovese" grapevines to partial root-zone drying: Gas-exchange, growth and grape composition.Scientia Horticulturae, 114(2): 96-103.

Tang L S, Li Y, Zhang J H.2010. Biomass allocation and yield formation of cotton under partial rootzone irrigation in arid zone. Plantand Soil,337(1/2): 413-423.

Wahbi S, Wakrim R, Aganchich B, et al.2005.Effects of partial rootzone drying (PRD) on adult olive tree (Olea europaea) in field conditions under arid climate: I. Physiological and agronomic responses. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,106(2/3): 289-301.

Wang Y S, Liu F L, Jensen C R.2012.Comparative effects of deficit irrigation and alternate partialroot-zone irrigation on xylem pH, ABA and ionic concentrations in tomatoes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63(5): 1907-1917.

Zegbe J A,Serna-Perez A.2011.Partial rootzone drying maintains fruit quality of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples at harvest and postharvest. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(3): 455-459.

[1]	高暝, 陈益存, 吴立文, 汪阳东. 山鸡椒水分及氮素利用效率性别特异性动态[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(4): 62-68.
[2]	邹杰, 丁建丽. 2000—2014年中亚地区主要植被类型水分利用效率特征[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(3): 175-182.
[3]	何春霞, 张劲松, 孟平, 胡心雨, 高峻. 太行山南麓3种常见灌木的水分利用特性[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(9): 137-146.
[4]	李威, 杨德光, 牟尧, 杨自超, 王雪蓉, 刘彤彤, 李淑敏. 去遮荫后东北红豆杉幼苗和幼树光合特性对比[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(2): 179-185.
[5]	杜明凤, 丁贵杰, 赵熙州. 不同家系马尾松对持续干旱的响应及抗旱性[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(6): 21-29.
[6]	白宇清, 谢利娟, 王定跃. 不同遮荫、土壤排水处理对毛棉杜鹃幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(2): 44-53.
[7]	唐海霞, 杜淑辉, 邢世岩, 桑亚林, 李际红, 刘晓静, 孙立民. 银杏性别决定相关基因的筛选[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(2): 76-82.
[8]	王琰, 刘勇, 李国雷, 胡嘉伟, 娄军山, 万芳芳. 容器类型及规格对油松容器苗底部渗灌耗水规律及苗木生长的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(6): 10-17.
[9]	郎莹, 汪明. 春夏两季连翘光合作用的土壤水分阈值效应及生产力分级[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(2): 38-46.
[10]	刘欢欢, 曹治国, 贾黎明, 李秀忠, 郝利峰, 刘金强, 王华, 席本野. 基于超声清洗的植物叶片吸滞大气颗粒物定量评估——以银杏为例[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(12): 133-140.
[11]	陈雷, 孙冰, 汪贵斌, 曹福亮, 封超年. 银杏果用林复合经营模式下种仁品质综合评价[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(11): 63-70.
[12]	姜顺邦, 韦小丽. 供水量对花榈木苗期耗水、生长和生理的影响及灌溉制度优化[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(10): 22-30.
[13]	谢加封, 沈文星, 曹福亮. 复合型林产品价值链演进的空间动力机制——一个系统论的分析框架[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(1): 106-117.
[14]	黄增冠, 喻卫武, 罗宏海, 李昱飞, 戴文圣, 胡渊渊, 吴家胜. 香榧不同叶龄叶片光合能力与氮含量及其分配关系的比较[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(2): 44-51.
[15]	付兆军, 刘莉娟, 邢世岩, 刘晓静, 辛红, 吴岐奎. 不同处理对银杏根生垂乳形态发生及生长的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(7): 58-65.