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林业科学 ›› 2006, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 120-126.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20060721

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国外木材防腐技术和研究现状

曹金珍   

  1. 北京林业大学材料科学与技术学院,北京100083
  • 收稿日期:2004-02-23 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2006-07-25 发布日期:2006-07-25

A Review on Wood Preservation Technologies and Research

Cao Jinzhen   

  1. College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083
  • Received:2004-02-23 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2006-07-25 Published:2006-07-25

摘要:

从木材防腐剂、防腐处理工艺、改性处理及环境特性等几个方面对国外的木材防腐技术及研究现状进行较为系统、全面的介绍,并在此基础上指出木材防腐研究的几个主要方向。木材防腐剂的发展趋势是近期以水载防腐剂为主导,以开发综合性能优良的不含金属的有机防腐剂作为未来的发展方向;木材防腐处理工艺的重点在于增强防腐剂在木材中的渗透性,加速防腐剂与木材之间的固着反应以及开发新型的防腐处理工艺以适应新的防腐剂的需要。改性处理方面主要介绍木材的热处理和化学改性处理在防腐方面的应用现状。木材防腐处理的环境特性则着重介绍LCA技术(生命循环分析技术)以及防腐处理材的废弃处理问题。另外,还简要介绍木材防腐研究机构和协会、木材防腐标准等方面的情况。本文旨在使国内的木材研究者对当前木材防腐技术和研究有一个总体的认识,并在此基础上结合国内的实际情况,发展适于处理中国国内树种及适合市场需求的木材防腐技术,为更科学、更高效地利用国内木材资源提供新途径。

关键词: 木材, 防腐技术, 防腐剂, 处理工艺

Abstract:

This paper presents an overall introduction of the recent developments on wood preservatives, treatment methods, modification technologies, environmental characteristics of wood preservation, and so on. On the basis of these, the major directions of wood preservation research are put forward. Water-borne preservatives are dominant now and will be in the near future, but the future wood preservatives are predicted to be some non-metal organic preservatives with superior properties. The development of wood preservation treatment methods is focused on increasing the treatability of preservatives in wood, accelerating the fixation reaction between preservatives and wood, and developing new treating processes in response to new preservative systems. The application of heat treatment and chemical modification to improve the durability of wood was also discussed. As to the environmental characteristics, the LCA (life cycle analysis) method was introduced and the methods of recycling of CCA treated waste were introduced briefly. This paper also gave a brief introduction on the associations and organizations of wood preservation as well as the wood preservations standards. The objective of this paper is to update the knowledge of wood preservation for the researchers and industries in China. It can help to set up the strategy of developing the wood preservation technologies in the needs of Chinese wood species and market, and then utilize the domestic wood resources more scientifically and efficiently.

Key words: wood, preservation technologies, preservatives, treatment methods