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林业科学 ›› 2003, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 10-16.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20030102

• 论文及研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土半干旱区集水造林条件下林木生长适宜的土壤水分环境

贺康宁1 张光灿2 田阳1 史常青1 宋吉红1   

  1. 1.北京林业大学教育部水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室,北京100083;2.山东农业大学林学院,泰安271018
  • 收稿日期:2001-04-17 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2003-01-25 发布日期:2003-01-25

THE SUITABLE SOIL MOISTURE CONDITION FOR FOREST GROWTH IN CATCHMENT AFFORESTATION IN SEMI-ARID REGION ON LOESS PLATEAUS

He Kangning2,Tian Yang3,Shi Changqing4,Song Jihong5   

  1. 1.Key laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation, Desertification Combating of MOE, Beijing For. Univ. Beijing 1000832.Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018
  • Received:2001-04-17 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2003-01-25 Published:2003-01-25

摘要:

20 0 0年在山西方山,采用LI-6200光合测定系统和LI-1600稳态气孔仪,对不同集水措施试验地的刺槐、侧柏和苹果的生理指标进行了实地观测,并辅以相同树种实地盆栽苗木水分胁迫条件下的林木生理指标观测,研究了林木净光合速率、羧化效率、水分利用效率与土壤含水量的定量关系。结果表明:维持刺槐、侧柏和苹果净光合作用的最佳土壤含水量分别为17.13%、15.9%和16.11% ,三树种维持叶片水分利用效率的最佳土壤含水量依次为13.23%、10.66%和12.38%;羧化效率最高时的土壤含水量临界值依次为15.7%、15.5%和15.8%;土壤水合补偿点分别为4.55%、3.91%和4.49%。上述三树种蒸腾速率所适宜的土壤含水量分别为18.82%、19.70%和16.33%。根据集水造林的基本构思,可选取维持最佳叶片水分利用效率的土壤含水量临界值作为集水造林林木密度调控的土壤水分阈值和林木需水量的低限计算条件。这一指标可量化为刺槐10%~13% ,苹果10%~12.5% ,侧柏9.5%~1.1%。

关键词: 集水造林, 适宜土壤含水量, 光合速率, 蒸腾速率, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

In this paper, physiological index of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Oriental Arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis) and Apple (Malus pumila) under different soil water condition in the catchment afforestation field and under the condition of water menace was measured by portable photosynthesis system (LI-6200) and portable steady porometer (LI-1600) in Fangshan, Shanxi Province. The quantitative relation among net photosynthesis rate, carboxylation efficiency and water use efficiency with soil water content was studied. The result shows optimum soil water content keeping max net photosynthesis rate of Black Locust, Oriental Arborvitae and apple is 17.13%、15.9% and 16.11% in turn. Optimum soil water content keeping better leaf water use efficiency of three kinds of tree is 13.23%、10.17% and 12.38%. Soil water content is 15.7%, 15.5% and 15.8% in turn with the highest carboxylation efficiency respectively. Soil water compensation point for hydration of three kinds of tree is 4.55%, 3.91% and 4.49%. The suitable soil water content for transpiration rate of three kinds of tree is 18.82%, 19.70% and 16.33% respectively. According to the thought of catchment afforestation, the soil water content maintaining the best leaf water use efficiency can be chosen as a critical value for tree density control in catchment afforestation and the lowness value for calculating tree water requirement. This general index can be shown as 10%~13% for Black Locust, 10%~12.5% for Apple and 9.5%~11% for Oriental Arborvitae.

Key words: Catchment afforestation, Suitable soil water content, Photosynthesis rate, Transpiration rate, Water use efficiency