Based on the data collected for 17-years successive observation at Huitong National Key Field Scientific Experiment and Research Station, runoff changes in Chinese Fir plantations at different age classes were investigated. Results showed: Due to tending treatment (e.g. site preparation and weeding), the surface runoff in the stand at the age from 1 to 5 year (age class I) was the smallest among all age classes and the annual average surface runoff coefficient accounted for 0.007 1. However, the surface runoff increased with age class increase after tending treatments and reached the maximum value at the stand age from 10 to 15 year (age class III ), with annual average surface runoff coefficient of 0.18 4. A decline in surface runoff was found at the stand age from 15 to 20 year (age class IV). The annual average surface runoff coefficient was 0.009 8 and approximated to 50% of the stand at the age class III. The underground runoff gradually decreased with stand age class increase. The highest underground runoff coefficient of 0.301 2 occurred at the age class I, which was about 2 times of that in the mature stand before clear cutting (0.157 7). The underground runoff coefficient at stand age class IV declined to 0.208 2, about 65.8% of that at the age class I . The decrease of annual average underground runoff coefficient as stand growth was attributed to increase in interception and transpiration because of canopy development, and improvements in soil structure. The surface runoff only accounted for 2.3% to 7.% of the total runoff and underground runoff is the dominated pathway of watershed. The monthly runoff of all the age classes was proportional to the mean monthly rainfall. The rainfall during the period from April to August was 62.2% of the total annual rainfall and the runoff was amounted to 75.4% of the annual runoff. The average runoff coefficients from April to August were estimated to be 0.378 4, 0.322 4, 0.279 0 and 0.263 4 for the stand age class I, II, III and IV, respectively. The result of stepwise regression indicated that the monthly precipitation and stand age of the stand influenced the monthly runoff. The established multinomial regression equations could be used to forecast the monthly runoff.

Based on the data collected from located observation, the relation between the quantity of soil microbe and soil factor was studied in the second rotation Chinese Fir plantation at Huitong, Hunan Province. The result shows that in the same watershed, the quantity of soil microbe on hillfoot is the most, the secondly is on hillside, and that on ridge is the least. At the same type of site, the quantity of microbe in 0～20 cm soil layer is the most, the secondly is in 20～40 cm soil layer, and the least is in 40～60 cm soil layer. The total of microbe and the quantity of bacteria reach the highest in autumn but the lowest in winner, while the quantity of fungi and actinomycetes reach the highest in summer, the lowest in winner and autumn. The total of microbe in Chinese chestnut forest soil is more than that in Chinese Fir plantation. The total of microbe is highly remarkable positive linear correlated with soil moisture content (P<0.01), the quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes are also remarkable positive linear correlated with it (P<0.05), while fungi do not correlate (P>0.05); The quantity of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and the total of microorganisms are not correlated with the soil temperature of the 10 cm soil depth (P>0.05); The quantity of bacteria, fungi and the total of microbe are highly remarkable positive linear correlated with soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen content (P<0.01), and the quantity of actinomycetes shows remarkable positive linear correlated with soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen content (P<0.05). The contribution ratio of the soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil organic carbon content and soil total nitrogen content to the quantity of soil microorganisms in Chinese Fir plantation range from 60% to 70%.

Watershed of Sanshuihe which lied in southern part of Ziwuling mountains on the Loess Plateau was chose as a case in this paper, and depth of annual runoff, maximum monthly runoff, erosion modulus and sediment content were chose as parameters of hydrological process. Deforestation of last 26 years was obtained by remote monitor and interpolation. The relationships between deforestation and parameters of hydrological process were analyzed quantitatively, and the regression models of hydrological process were established depending on rainfall and deforestation. The results showed: Deforestation in Sanshuihe watershed has led up to increasing in annual runoff depth by 62.85%, in annual erosion modulus by 90.76%, in maximum monthly runoff by 58.36% and in sediment content by 63.21%. Respectively over the past three decades. The contribution percentage of the reduction in forest area to the increase in annual runoff depth was 72.35%, to the increase in maximum runoff was 45.18%, to the increase in erosion modulus and mean sediment content of river by 86.73% and 79.61% respectively.

A study on vine diversity in Huping Mountain area using selected sample plots and sample trees demonstrated that: 1) There were 330 vine species, belonging to 111 genera and 44 families, and the vine diversity was comparably concentrated in some large vine families and large vine genera; 2) The values of Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index of all seed vine diversity were 0.982 3, 1.906 0 and 0.901 6, respectively. Vines exhibited highest species number, diversity, and the value of evenness index of vines between 500～1 200 m altitude; 3) The evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest showed the highest vine diversity, followed by evergreen broad-leaved forest, while deciduous broad-leaved forest had the lowest; 4) The vine diversity was higher and the vine compositive stability and evenness were lower in the early stage of community succession than that in the adult stage. Moderate human interference caused the vine diversity to increase and its composite stability to decrease; 5) Vine climbing mechanics were divided into twining (48.5%), curling (22.7%), hooking (13.3%), adhering (9.1%) and mixed (6.4%) types; 6) The major dispersal modes of vine were ornithochory (35.2%), mammaliochory (32.1%), anemochory (19.7%) and autochory (13.0%). Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the high diversity of vines in this area can be attributed to a number of key reasons: the complicated terrain, some ancient geographical factor, and the well-conserved conditions.

Evergreen broadleaved forest in Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve of Zhejiang Province as an example, a digital elevation model (DEM) was used to analyze the difference of community biodiversity and basal area under different terrain. The results showed: From the single terrain factor, in evergreen broadleaved forest community, under higher or lower slope angle, biodiversity and basal area were reduced, and the highest biodiversity and basal area occurred in middle slope angle; Changes of basal area had higher sensitivity than biodiversity's with the variation of slope aspect; Basal area showed decreasing tendency from east along south to west; The highest biodiversity and basal area is the east direction, the lowest is the south-west direction; Both biodiversity and basal area reduces by earth surface roughness increasing. Based on the compound factor analysis, slope aspect and slope angle had little effect on biodiversity, but they had great relation with basal area, in each slope angle class, the basal area of south-west slope is the lowest; Combination of slope direction and roughness influences biodiversity a little, but it has certain relation with basal area. In every roughness class, the south-west slope has the lowest basal area; Combination of slope angle and roughness affects biodiversity and basal area greatly, in the same roughness class, tree species count changes by slope angle class: slope angle class 2> slope angle class 3> slope angle 1, in all slope class except slope class 1, the basal area has increasing tendency by slope angle.

Content of pigments, reflective spectra, and daily changes of photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were investigated using four red-leaf tree species in Amygdalus and Prunus, including A. persica f. atropurpurea, P. cerasifera `Pissardii', P.×bliriana 'Meirenmei', P.×cistena `Pissardii', and two green-leaf tree species A. persica var. compressa and P. salicina `Yuhuangli' were included as controls. The results indicated that all red-leaf tree species had higher content of anthocyanins than the green-leaf plants, and difference of total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were not remarkable except P.×bliriana 'Meirenmei'. The daily changes of net photosynthetic rate were double-peak curves both in red-leaf and green-leaf tree species, but the net photosynthetic rate was lower in red-leaf tree species than in green-leaf tree species. All tree species have the phenomenon of `noon break', while the duration was shorter in red-leaf tree species than in green-leaf tree species. There were not differences between red-leaf and green-leaf tree species in intrinsic photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (F_v/F_m), but the quantum yield of PSⅡ (Φ_PSⅡ ) and photochemical quenching (q_P) of red-leaf tree species were lower than those of green-leaf tree species. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of red-leaf tree species was higher than that of green-leaf tree species.

The foliar carbon isotope composition (δ¹³ C) of common woody plant species in different degrees of karst rocky desertified lands including latent (L), slight (SL), moderate (M) and severe (S) rocky desertified areas was studied. Taking the foliar δ¹³C values as the indicator of plant water use efficiency (WUE), this paper discussed the effect of the dgree of karst rocky desertification on the plant %WUE%. The average foliar δ¹³C values were compared in different degrees of karst rocky desertified plots. The results showed that the δ¹³C values of foliar in Huajiang gorge ranged from-30.280‰ to -25.546‰, averaging-28.040‰ ± 1.208‰. There were significant differences in the average foliar δ¹³C values of the different degrees of karst rocky desertification. The values in the latent rocky desertified plots were lower than those in the severe, moderate and slight rocky desertified plots. However, the foliar δ¹³C values in severe, moderate and slight desertified plots were not significantly different. These results indicated that the effects of different degrees of karst rocky desertification on %WUE% were obvious. Therefore we concluded that the environmental factors influenced by different degrees of karst rocky desertification should not be neglected. The response of the plant physiological function to the change of the environmental factors was sensitive and timely.

In this study, according to the growth trait data of 8 provenances of Bambusa chungii, the geographic variation of the species was analyzed. The analysis showed that there were abundant variances of 13 growth traits among the different provenances and all the variances reach significant or extremely significant level. Variance of shoot number of single clump among and within provenances was both significant. The rules of geographic variation presented some trends of latitude change pattern. Most of these traits had a close correlation with thermal factors, and the correlation indices reached extremely significant, significant and 0.1 level respectively.The correlation among leaf thickness, clear height and humidity reached 0.1 level significance. Heritabilities of all the traits investigated in this research were bigger. By cluster analysis on main growth characters, all the provenances can be classified into three groups. Selection for all the provenances was given on the basis of synthetic evaluation. The provenances Zengcheng, Huaiji were considered the optimal provenances for region around southwest of Guangdong Province.

The biomasses and the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities were tested in suspension-cultured cells of Rhodiola fastigiata under different light treatments, and relationship between development of the secondary metabolism of R. fastigiata and the environment factors were investigated. The results showed that: 1) Biomasses of the suspension-cultured cells changed in a typical S curve. The biomasses reached a linear growth phase for 6 to 9 d, and the PAL activity also showed the similar change. The PAL activity increased rapidly at the exponential growth phase of the suspension-cultured cells, and reached the maximum at the time of maximum dry-mass and decreased to initial level when growth of the cells stopped; 2) Biomasses of the suspension-cultured cells of R. fastigiata showed difference under different light treatments, and the activity of PAL also changed at the same timing. Among these light treatments, the continuous red light treatment was of advantage to the increase of the PAL activity. However, the biomass under red light was obviously lower than that under white light.

Rhodiola sachalinensis calli were initiated from leaves on modified MS medium supplemented with 2 mg·L^-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA. The calli were cooled at 4 ℃ for 8 h after treated with cryoprotectants (10%DMSO+0.5 mol·L^-1 sorbitol), and further refrigerated at a rate of 1 ℃·min^-1 to-40 ℃, and maintained at-40 ℃ for at least 2 h. The calli then were preserved in liquid nitrogen and thawed at 40 ℃ water bath. Calli were washed with liquid MS medium with 6-BA 2 mg·L^-1 and NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1 for several times, transferred to solid medium and cultured in darkness. Two weeks later, the calli were cultured in light (2 000 lx). The calli of R. sachalinensis showing vigorous growth were fresh and green after 5 weeks, and the survival rate reached 75.64%. Calli of R. sachalinensis could regenerate to plantlets.

The compositions of fruit types and their differentiation patterns with elevation of 1 943 wild angiosperms in Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province were explored. The results show that the proportion of dry fruits is 65.67% and 24.60% in fleshy fruits in the area. The most three are capsule (26.56%), achene (12.35%) and drupe (12.20%) among 22 basic fruit types. Fruit types and their species numbers increase and then decrease with elevation. The proportion of dry fruits increases and it vanishes at 3 800 m or so in fleshy fruit with elevation. The proportion of capsule is dominant in each elevation segment and increases with elevation. It decreases and then increases in achene and caryopsis. It decreases in drupe and berry. It decreases and then increases in pome and samara. The cluster result shows that the elevation of 2 000 m is the distribution breakpoint of species numbers of basic fruit types. The vertical differentiation of fruit types may have occurred with changing of water and heat condition and their combined characteristic in corresponding altitude range as well as dissemination mode of fruits. Proportion relationship of fruit types can be used as one of the biological marks to reflect the region's climax on the premise that the classification system of fruit types can be perfected.

Fig-tree (Ficus) and its pollinating fig wasps (Hymenoptera:Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae) form an obligated mutualism, which is a model system for the study of coevolution. It is a fascinating question how the female florets distributed between wasps and seeds. In monoecious Ficus, the seeds and fig wasps are in conflict on the use of flower ovaries to reproduction in the same syconium. But in dioecious Ficus, seeds and wasps are grow on different trees, so there is no competition for female flowers. The style length of monoecious F.racemosa and dioecious F.auriculata was measured to compare the distribution of female florets. The results suggest that the style length distribution is single pick in F.racemosa while that is bimodal in F.auriculata. At the post-floret stage, fig pollinating wasps and seeds are produced in flowers with different pedicel length in F.racemosa. Most flowers near fig wall produce seeds while those projected into cavity produce wasps. In F.auriculata, the seeds and wasps are separated in seed figs and gall figs respectively. The spatial allocation of seeds and wasps suggest that dioecious Ficus are more evolved in the allocation of female florets.

A cultivar investigation and classification of Flowering Quince (Chaenomeles) in China was carried out. Twenty cultivars were recorded, including 5 cultivars in C. speciosa, 5 in C. cathayensis, 3 in C. japonica, and 7 in C.×superba. The scientific names of some cultivars were revised. Keys were compiled for cultivar identification.

To conduct annual forest inventories (AFI) is a changing trend in the forest monitoring systems in the world. Because ground plots measured each year in an AFI system are much less than in a traditional inventory system, it is essential to improve the estimation precision by using new techniques. The issue discussed in this paper was about how to improve the area estimation precision in an AFI year by configuring a three-phase sampling framework which takes good use of the relationship between remotely sensed imagery plot data, ground plot data measured in different time. The three-phase sampling approach proposed here takes the remotely sensed imagery plot data as the first-phase sample, the data of all plots in the population measured former as the second-phase sample, and the data of plots measured in the AFI year as the third-phase sample. The third-phase sample was a subset of the first and the second samples, and the second-phase sample was a subset of the first-phase sample. First, an area estimation was made using a two-phase sampling technique and the first and the second sample data. Then this estimation was used to another two-phase sampling which used the data of the second and the third samples. These two steps maked up the complete three-phase sampling technique. In the first AFI year, the second-phase sample was composed of the plot data measured in the last periodic inventory. From the second AFI year and on, the data of the second-phase sample could be from different years. The paper presents three-phase sampling estimation formula and variance and covariance formula. A study cased in Zhejiang Province, China, showed the fact that the three-phase sampling could produce the highest AFI area estimation precision.

The confirmation method of mature level in uneven-aged forest is an insoluble problem both in forestry theory and forestry production at present. There are two problems. First, it must be measured and counted by the trees' diameter. The rank of the trees' age can't be used in the forestry production. Second, the comparison among the forests of different trees' diameter in three-dimensional space must be finished. In this paper, the confirmation method by giving an example of the confirmation from a formula which divided the price of a certain trees' diameter by the volume of timber was studied. It will not only get the most profit economic part but also protect the forest most as well. The basic foundation of the solution which can reduce the blindness in cutting uneven-aged forest was provided.

Effects of ectomycorrhizas on pine seedlings in the resistance against pine shoot blight and canker and pine wilt disease were studied in this paper, the results showed that ectomycorrhizas improved the resistance of Pinus massoniana against pine shoot blight and canker. The mycorrhizal seedlings inoculated Boletus edulis have the best resistance, followed the mycorrhizal seedlings inoculated Amanita pantherina and Pisolithus tinctorius 2, the resistance of mycorrhizal seedlings inoculated P. tinctorius 1 and Lacearia aemthystea was weaker; but ectomycorrhizas didn't evidently improve the resistance of P. elliottii against pine shoot blight and canker. After inoculating Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to mycorrhizal seedlings of P. massoniana and P. thunbergii, it was found that ectomycorrhizas improved the resistance of them against pine wilt disease, retarded or lightened the death of pine seedlings, which inoculating B. edulis, P. tinctorius 2 and A. pantherina had better effects. There are some differences in the activities of PAL among the mycorrhizal seedlings of P. thunbergii inoculated with B. xylophilus. The result suggested that promoting effect of ectomycorrhizas on pine seedling and the activities of PAL in the mycorrhizal seedling have some relation to its resistance.

The blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica, a virulent fungal associate of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, is pathogenic to European spruce (Picea abies) in Europe. The wilting mechanism in P. abies after inoculation with C. polonica was examined based on anatomical studies of the phloem and xylem of periodically harvested trees. In a field experiment, the blue-stained sapwood area of European spruce was measured in response to inoculation with C. polonica, four vigorous, mature European spruce trees were mass-inoculated with C. polonica at a density of four inoculations per dm² within a 120-cm-wide band on the lower bole. Two other trees were inoculated with sterile agar and served as controls. In four trees that had been inoculated with the fungus, blue-stained sapwood area increased dramatically within the first weeks after inoculation until no blue-stained sapwood area was measurable 4～6 weeks after inoculation. No obvious blue-stained sapwood area were recorded in the two control trees. Biochemical analysis and histochemical localization techniques were used to assess changes and distribution of cellulase in the xylem fraction. It was shown that, in maturing xylem tissue that inoculated with sterile agar for two weeks, a small amount of the cellulase activity signal was found. However, high cellulase activity was detected in the xylem tissue of four trees that had been inoculated with C. polonica after two weeks. An isoelectric-focusing electrophoresis of the extracted protein displayed obvious isozyme bands of cellulose for the inoculation treatment. This proved that C. polonica can secrete cellulase to utilize cellulose of xylem in host trees. The results confirm the ability of C. polonica to kill mature European spruce trees in the Alps.

The relationship of anthocyanidin content, sugar content, PAL activity in oil-tea tree peel and the resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were studied in this paper. The results showed that anthocyanidin content are positive related with the disease resistance; the total soluble sugar content and PAL activity are negatively related with the incidence of C.gloeosporioides, The color of peel (content of anthocyanidin),total soluble sugar and PAL activity can be taken as an index of resistance to C.gloeosporioides for the seed selection and breeding in future.

Soil-animal was investigated in Larix principis-rupprechtii forest in Guandi Mountain of Shanxi Province, from June to October, 2005.33 388 individuals were collected,which belonged to 3 phyla, 7 classes,21 orders and 57 genera. The dominant genera were Arcarina, Collembola. The common genera were Coloptera, Lepidoptera,Diptera(L), Geophiomorpha, Oligchaeta and so on .The research and comparison of 10 plots showed that the numbers of groups and individuals in natural forest were greater,and the diversity was higher than in parallelism planted forest; the diversity was declining with the altitude increasing. The ratio of individual of groups in withered and fallen layer was increasing with altitude increasing, but the results in another layer were opposite,and the vertical distribution of soil animals showed that obvious surface assembly phenomenon. The numbers of groups and individual in Aug. were greater than that in another,and the diversity in Aug was the highest.

Funded by the Global Environmental Facility, some nature reserves in our nation conducted co-management activities, which enhanced validities of conservation and management activities. Local government played more important roles on constructions and developments of nature reserves than before. Solutions were to be sought to eliminate new threats, facing nature reserves, from regional aspect. Based on the analysis on a new concept on nature reserve management and threats and multiple stakeholders around the Taibai Mountain National Nature Reserve, significance of the Regional Co-management System was discussed to involve all stakeholders into process of construction and development of nature reserves. The System was designed to consist of the Regional Bio-diversity Management Committee and other three committees, I.e. the Religious Co-management Committee, the Communities Co-management Committee and the Eco-tourism Co-management Committee. Local government and nature reserve authority respectively played their roles to ensure the establishment of the Regional Bio-diversity Management Committee and three Co-management Committees. In order to make sure of the establishment of the Regional Co-management System, some guarantee mechanisms are argued to be established as following. Inductive mechanism is needed to set up to lead local governments participate in nature conservation. Returning mechanism is designed and aimed to award nearby communities for promoting their livelihood and development. Monitoring mechanism is established to regulate local commercial activities. Inspiring mechanism is to encourage those believing in religion and engaging in scientific research joining in nature conservation. For threats caused by rapid development of regional social economy continually increase to development of the Taibai Mountain National Nature Reserve, the Regional Co-Management System is significant and urgent to be established to solve the threats and harmonize the development of regional social economy and nature conservation.

The microfibril angle and fiber morphology of wood of 16 baldcypress provenances (Taxodium distichum) of 14 years old were determined, and the results were as follows: 1) The microfibril angle of wood of 16 baldcypress provenances had significant difference, and the microfibril angle varied between 29.9° and 35.8°. The microfibril angle at DBH decreased gradually from pith to bark, and it increased gradually from base of tree trunk to top. 2) There also existed significant variation in fiber length and fiber width of 16 baldcypress provenances, and the fiber length and width at DBH of baldcypress increased gradually from pith to bark, and it increased with increasing of tree trunk height. 3) There was significant negative correlation between microfibril angel and wood fiber length, and there was significant positive correlation between fiber length and fiber width. 4) 16 baldcypress provenances were divided into 4 groups by the method of Q-mode cluster analysis according to microfibril angel and wood fibre length: the first group was higher microfibril angel and middle fiber length, and the second group was middle wood fiber length and microfibril angel, and the third was smaller microfibril angel and longer wood fiber length, and last group was shorter wood fiber length and middle microfibril angel. According to microfibril angel and wood fibre length, No.2 and No.30 provenances were better provenances in wood-utilization.

In this paper, the structure mechanism of MFLB was introduced, and the void was pointed to be an important structure character of MFLB. Another parameter named hole compressibility(η) was introduced in studying MFLB, a set of hot pressure were applied to produce various hole compressibility, some uniform sections on cross-section of MFLB were selected by microscopic analysis to discuss the effects of hole compressibility on the MOE & MOR of MFLB. The results showed that MFLB (0.3 g·cm^-3 in density ) pressed at various hot presses( from 1.6 to 2.2 Mpa ) all met with JISA 5908 Japanese Particleboard Standard,η≤0,ranged from-0.048 7～-0.068 0, the critical value of hole compressibility at which the strength began to decrease was also obtained, and the void distribution, size and shape at different void content & hole compressibility were compared, then the effects of hole compressibility on MOE and MOR of MFLB was discussed.

This research based on the analyzing relevant researches, using the net present value (NPV) index and inner revenue ratio index (IRR) to research the industrial raw material forest Eucalyptus that was invested and managed by Yong'an Forestry Group of Fujian. Results showed that the best economic cutting cycle of eucalyptus was 7 years. And it had gotten huge economic effect. Its NPV reached 5 718.50 yuan5hm^-2, and IRR added up to 18.09% per year. The result still indicated that the investment risk in the industrial raw material forest of eucalyptus was huge. The biggest influence factor was timber price and cutting cost. When the price of timber droped by 10%, IRR reduced by 31.09%; when cutting cost increased by 10%, IRR droped by 14.93%.

Autotoxicity is a chemical interaction among intra-specific plant individuals. It is a mechanism the plant to avoid competitions that acquired through a long time of adapting environment and evaluating selection. Coniferous forests are the most important timber species in China. At the long practice of forest management, it was found that natural forest of coniferous appeared the problems of reduction of growth, regeneration and productivity and the irrational distribution of size and age structure of the plants. In addition to the reasons of regulatory rotation and wrong exploitation, secondary metabolites released by litter and root secretion, which were excessively accumulation and formed autotoxicity, might be the main cause of these problems while expelling toxins mechanism of ecosystem such as fire procession were interfered by human control. The article reviews the categories, releasing approaches, characteristics and mechanism of action, bioassay methods, and effects on ecosystem of autotoxin and research status of coniferous forests autotoxicity. The authors think that the main purposes of research of autotoxicity are for providing us methods to solve various ecology problems, especially at the aspects of sustainability development of agriculture and forestry, nature resources and environment conservation.

The mixture compound extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction can attracted the insect directly,which was the new approach to search after the attractant. Volatiles could be used to bioassay. Results of behavior responses of Anoplophora glabripennis to the volatiles extracted from Acer mono under different pressure and temperature showed that extracts of 25 Mpa, 35 ℃ was attractive to A. glabripennis significantly than others. Extracts of 25 Mpa, 35 ℃ was the optimum supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) condition. The analysis of GC-MS showed that the main compound were 3-hexenol and ethyl acetate.

The deformation fixation of the compressive Populus ussuriensis and Larix gmelinii solid wood was studied in this paper. Dynamic thermo-mechanical analyzer was used to evaluate the change of the treated wood on different position (compare with the non-compressive control wood). The internal mechanism of compressive solid wood and compressive deformation fixation were discussed by analyzing the effect of steam treatment on dynamic thermo-mechanical parameters of the treated wood, such as loss modulus and loss tangent. The tendency of the wood components such as hemi-cellulose and lignin were also studied in this course. The results showed that with the increasing of surface distance, loss modulus and loss angle tangent decreased in glass state area, the initial glass transition temperature decreased obviously at 0.5 cm away from the surface. So the deformation fixation of the compressive wood is due to the lower molecule weight of lignin and the failure of creep recovery.

Biomineralization refer to the process that minerals (biominerals) deposite in biology. Cell-wall-templated and inartifical nanostructured column-like silica in Phyllostachys pubescens was firstly reported in this paper, which was not applying by silicon nutrition. They array regularly with width are 120～200 nm and length are 200～1 600 nm, some are cluster-like with width are 150～200 nm and length are 200～1 500 nm. The result put forward a new direction to conventional research of bamboo biology, bamboo utilization and modification, biology materials. In order to provide basilic theoretical foundation for modify, biomemetic and smart materials of bamboo, further investigation of basic and molecular mechanism of biosilifisication in bamboo were prerequisite.