Abstract: This paper used diameter distribution and spatial parameter （uniform angle index, mingling and neighborhood comparison） to study the spatial structure characteristics of three stands of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata natural forest in Xiaolongshan. The result showed that the structure of the three stands was obviously different: the diameter distribution in the natural forest in Wang'angou which absented disturbance for 100 years, andin the secondary forest originated from a clear\|cutting site in Xiangtangou in 1969 were of the typical uneven\|aged forest, and their tree number proportion of small and middle diameter class were large in stands and the proportion was decreased with the diameterclass increased. In comprison, the Wang'angou diameter distribution was more uniform than Xiangtangou. The small stem proportion was larger in Bayingxigou but it decreased more gently with the diameter increase, which suggested there was an obviously disturbance trace. The uniform angle index value of Wang'angou and Baiyingxigouwas 0.489 and 0.487 respectively, and the pattern of horizontal distribution was random. The uniform angle index value of Xiangtangou was 0.520, and its distribution was of slight cluster, which exhitited the the community was stillat early stage of succession. The tree species segregation of Wang'angou was maximum, followed by Xiang tangou and then Baiyingxigou. Their mean value of mingling was 0.598, 0.542 and0.451 respectively. Neighborhood comparison showed that Betula platyphylla and Pinus armandi were in different status in three different stands, and their status were decreased in order from Wang'angou, Xiang tangou to Baiyingxigou. However, Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata and Toxicodendron verniciflum had the same status in stands. Artificial disturbance had obviously effect on the forest structure in Baiyingxigou.

Abstract: Data from 252 sample\|plots in the low elevation region of Beijing were used in this research. A site index table of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation was constructed based on the model which made by the statistical relationship between dominant tree height in each plot and the corresponding tree's age. The table was demonstrated to be of high accuracy when tested with three methods: chi-square test, test of falling point and test of height growth increment. Site quality of the 252 plots was evaluated by using the table. The results showed that 63% of the total plots were in the middle site quality level, and the shady slope with thick soil was the best site condition fitting for Pinus tabulaeformis plantation's growth.

Abstract: The analytic hierarchy process and the delphi method were used to set up an index system of forest community health. The methods consist of object hierarchy, rule hierarchy and index hierarchy. The rule hierarchy contains integrity of community structure, stand stability and condition of stand growth, the index hierarchy contains nine indexes, which include canopy density, total coverage of undergrowth and average DBH of constructive species, and so on. Based on the system, the spruce and fir forests were evaluated in 301 forest stations of the western Sichuan forestry bureau with the forest subcompartment as evaluation unit. The results showed that the area proportion of the sub\|health stands was the largest, that of the health stands took the second place, and that of the poor health stands was the smallest. In the spruce forests, area proportion of the healthy stands was 13.82%, and proportion of the sub\|healthy stands was 83.46%, but the poor healthy stands only accounted for 2.71%. In the fir forest, area proportion of the healthy stands, the sub\|healthy stands and the poor healthy stands accounted for 1.46%, 76.03% and 22.51% respectively. At last, the reasons were analyzed for the present forest community health status.

Abstract: In this paper, Cerasus humilises in Huangshandian was used to investigate effects of NaHCO\-3 and drought stress. Several physiological during the trgatment with NaHCO\-3, drought as well as NaHCO\-3/drought

combination for 25 days. The results showed that there existed significant difference in chlorophyll a, MDA and proline content among different treatments. No significant physiological variation was found in electrolyte exosmosis percentage，POD activity and proline content between the salt treatment and the control during the treatment while the parameters in drought and salt/drought treatment fluctuated remarkably. The correlation analysis indicated that positive correlations existed between electrolyte exosmosis percentage，MDA content and POD activity in both salt and drought treatments, and significant correlations were also found between electrolyte exosmosis percentage,POD activity and MDA content in NaHCO₃ stress.

Abstract: The components and dynamics of vegetative storage proteins(VSPs) in branches of Ginkgo biloba were investigated by SDSPAGE and electronic microscopy. The results showed that VSPs localized mainly in bark and xylem of branches. The content of VSPs in oneyearold branches was higher than that in twoyearold branches, and the content of VSPs in bark was higher than that in xylem. The components of VSPs in branches were composed of molecular weight 36 ku and 32 ku proteins. The seasonal fluctuation of VSPs could be divided into accumulation and degradation two stages. In the accumulation stage, the VSPs were accumulated in the middle of May with generation of the new leaves, and its content reached the peak in December. In the degradation stage, the VSPs were degraded to meet the need of budssprouting in the next spring, and degraded completely in the beginning of April.

Abstract: Three hybrid bamboo candidates (Pleioblastus simonii × Phyllostachys violascens, Sasa tokugawana × S. borealisand Sinobambus a tootsik × Pl. distichus) were identified using 10 SSR markers developed from GSS of Ph. pubescens in GenBank which were used for amplifying the cross species. DNA fingerprinting of the 3 hybrid bamboo candidates showed complementary pattern from ♀ and ♂ parents at PBM014, PBM025 and (or) PBM018 locus. The sequencing and alignment of fragment DNA bands at the mentioned\|above loci approved homology between the hybrid bamboo candidate and their parents, indicating the validity of hybrid bamboo results. This is the first report for identification of bamboo hybrid using DNA markers.

Abstract： Embryogenic callus was induced and plant regeneration had been achieved by culturing spikelets and embryo explants of Bambusa multiplex. Basal media，phytohormones and their concentration were screened，and the results showed that NB and N6 basal medium supplemented with 4 mg·L^-1 2，4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2，4-D) were relatively better for callus induction. A 87.30% spikelets and a 76.27% embryos were induced to generate callus on NB medium supplemented with 500 mg·L^-1 proline，500 mg·L^-1 glutamine，300 mg·L^-1 hydrolyzed casein，30 g·L^-1sucrose，8 g·L^-1 carrageenan and 4 mg·L^-1 2，4-D in 20 days. Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium was effective for embryoids' predifferentiation and germination. After a 7 d predifferentiation on MS supplemented with 30 g·L^-1 sucrose，10 g·L^-1 carrageenan and 4 mg·L^-1 kinetin (KT) and a 14 d auxinfree germination culture on MS，only a few spikelet calli germinated； whereas embryo calli regenerated by up to 80.0％. Around 8% plantlets were albinal，and mosaic plantlets were occasionally found. Optimal predifferentiation medium for embryo embryoids was MS supplemented with 3 mg·L^-1 6benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 3 mg·L^-1 KT. MS supplemented with 2 mg·L^-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was effective for the plantlet rooting. Rooted plantlets transferred to soil with over 70% success.

Abstract： Saussuea involucrata is a rare and endangered alpine species， and it is widely used utilization in traditional Chinese medicine. It naturally distributes in the elevation range of 2 400～4 000 m in the Tianshan Mountains of northwest China. Its adaptability to the natural environmental conditions is the basis for its conservation and reproduction，but this aspect has rarely been studied. In this paper，we selected typical plants of S. involucrata in three elevation (the low，middle and high) zones of its natural distribution，measured and compared the photosynthetic and relevant ecophysiological characteristics. Through analysis of these characteristics，we can further understand the adaptability to its natural environment，and lay scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization for this rare and endangered species. We divided the natural distribution habitats of S. involucrate into three zones，i.e. the low elevation zone (2 600～2 650 m)，the middle elevation zone (2 651～2 850 m)，and the high elevation zone (≥2 851 m). The photosynthetic and relevant ecophysiological characteristics for each one leaf from each of the five plants of S. involucrate were selected in each zone. The photosynthetic and related ecophysiological characteristics of S. involucrata were measured by Portable LI6400 Photosynthesis System from 2 August to 8 August，2006. The results showed that light compensation point（LCP） of S. involucrate in the three zones was (1569±031)μmol·m^-2s^-1，(1594±005)μmol·m^-2s^-1，and (19.93±0.12)μmol·m^-2s^-1，respectively. Light saturation point (LSP) of them were 1 550～1 610 μmol·m^-2s^-1，without significantly difference among the three elevation. There was no significant difference in apparent quantum requirement (AQY) of S. involucrate among the three zones，while significant difference existed among the maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_max) among the three. However, carboxylation efficiency (CE) of S. involucrate in high elevation zone was significantly different with those in the lower middle elevation zones respectively. In the same site，photosynthetic respiration rate （R_p） of S. involucrate was higher than dark respiration rate (R_d). From 8： 00 O'clock to 20： 00 O'clock，the diurnal changes of P_n，T_r，and G_s were single peak in the low elevation zone. When S. involucrate did not receive direct sunlight radiation，P_n decreased quickly，Tr decreased slowly while G_s increased. This showed that stomatal characteristics of S. involucrate had strong sensitivity to light. From low or high elevation mean value of P_n in a day decreased with elevation，while PE increased with elevation. But the changes of WUE and L_s had no significant relationship with elevation. Pn of S. involucrate was significant and positively correlated with T _l，T_a，and PAR，negatively correlated with E，and had no significant correlation with RH and C _a. The Tr of S. involucrate significantly and positively correlated with T_l，T_a，and PAR，negatively correlated with RH. The Gs of S. involucrate negatively correlated with C_a. The P_n of S. involucrate significantly and positively correlated with Tr，G_s and V_pdl，negatively correlated with C_i.

Abstract： To understand effects of different packaging on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant ability of Torreya grandis nuts during storage at room temperature, we used T. grandis nuts and measured acid value, peroxide value, total phenols, DPPH scavenging activity and inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation by TBA of nuts during storage. Results showed that content of total phenols decreased, and acid value and peroxide value increased in both raw and processed nuts of T. grandis, which demonstrated that lipid oxidation occurred. Packaging of LDPE film with vacuumed reduced the increase in acid value and peroxide value, kept high level of total phenol contents, alleviated the decrease in DPPH scavenging activity, inhibited linoleic acid oxidation by TBA, and relatively enhanced antioxidant ability.

Abstract： The ‘fertile islands’ is formed under integration of biological and nonbiological process and it is a phenomenon that soil nutrients are enriched around shrubs in arid and semiarid regions， and the soil nutrients decrease gradually from canopy center to canopy outside. This paper studied soil nutrient ‘fertile islands’ effective range and spatial variability of Tamarix shrubs in Fukang of north Xinjiang and the Tarim river of south Xinjiang with Geo\|statistics and GIS technology. The results indicated： Tamarix had a visible function to congregate nutrients，and the enrichment ratio of inside to outside of canopy was general over one. Once Tamarix had withered，this function was fading away. The enrichment ratio of north of Xinjiang was bigger than that of south of Xinjiang. However there was no significant diference in ‘fertile islands’ characteristic over the different growth stages of Trmarix. The ‘fertile islands’ effective range in Tamarix in Fukang was 3.9～14.8 m， while the ‘fertile islands’ effective range was 6.2～10.1 m in the Tarim river. The effective function range was all over canopy. In the research area，soil main nutrition presented intense spatial selfcorrelation，and the spatial variability was determined mostly by structural factors. A weak Aeolian enrichment and intensive desertification in arid area of Xinjiang weakened ‘fertile islands’ function by the deserted vegetation,
Tamarix.

Abstract： This study was conducted to assess the impact of leaf age on nutrition，biomass of leaf layer，content of chlorophyll and variety of leaf shape in tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia. At an interval of 10 d from budbreak the leaf shape, and chlorophyll and nutrients in leaves were measured. The results showed that the leaf nutrition value was at the best level during the first 45 days，and for the same aged leaves，higher during the growing period than the decaying stage. In addition，the biomass of 35～45 d leaf layer reached the highest level. The results also indicated that young leaves contained low content of chlorophyll，which increased gradually to higher levels during the leaf developing stages until it climbed up to the climax. It then decreased with the leaf senility. As for the leaves of the same age，their chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b and the total chlorophyll contents differed in various growth stages. The leaf shape changed rapidly during the first 20 d and then kept a slow pace in developing. The statistics further revealed positive correlations between leaf age and the contents such as ether extract，ash，calcium，as well as leaf length and leaf area (length×width)； while the contents of crude protein and phosphor of the same aged leaves demonstrated negative correlations with different growing stages.

Abstract： This study investigated the role of triazole fungicide，tebuconazole and difenoconazole were investigated in controlling the disease in vitro and in field. The fungicides showed a strong inhibition effect on mycelium dry weight，and acervuli formation and a less inhibition effect on conidiagermination by comparing EC₅₀value in vitro EC₅₀ values of tebuconazole on mycelium dry weight，acervuli formation and conidia germination were 0.060，0.055 and 128.825 μg·mL^.-1，respectively. EC₅₀ values of difenoconazole were 0.009，0.024 and 331.131 μg·mL^-1，respectively. Difenoconazole showed lower EC₅₀ values than tebuconazole on mycelium growth and acervuli formation on YD and CSA medium，respectively. The fungicides application in an orchard of Pucheng in 2005 and 2006 demonstrated that both fungicides gave high disease control efficacy in application of commended concentration compared to untreated control. Tebuconazole showed higher efficacy than difenoconazole，their control efficiency were 82.10% and 42.37% in 2005，and 81.83% and 62.38% in 2006，respectively. Azoxystrobin，which control efficiency was 88.74%，had no significant difference with tebuconazole. Therefore，alternative use of these fungicides 1～2 times in mid June was recommended to control Marssonina leaf blotch and avoid the resistance of the pathogen to fungicides in this region.

Abstract： The microsporogenesis and the development of male gametophyte of Juniperus rigida (stiff leaf juniper) were observed by means of traditional paraffin wax sections. The results were as follows: The male cone of Stiff leaf Juniper differentiated at the beginning of March. The microsporangium wall of J. rigida comprised one epidermis, one middle layers and a tapetum. The sporogenous cell occurred in the middle of March. The microspore mother cell was formed in late March, and the meiosis of microsporocyte began to occur at the beginning of April. Tetrad formed in the middle of April and microspore was released in late April. The mature pollen was in individual cell form and began to shed at the beginning of May. The pollen stayed in dormancy in the ovule after shedding, and the pollen developed the single nucleus pollen divided by mitosis three times and formed one tube nucleus, one sterile cell and two sperm at the beginning of next April. The development of the microspore mother cell was not synchronous, and some microsporocytes degenerated, resulting in formation of a large cavity in the microsporangium. The microsporophylls bare their microsporangia on the abaxial surface and axillae. The microstrobilus was a complex microstrobilus.

Abstract： The extractants of semen pharbitidis was investigated for their biological activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Slide dip and Leafresidue methods were used to measure the biological activity. Liquidliquid distribution and the silica gel column were used to separate and purify active components. The results indicated that bioactivity (touch kill，oviposit inhibition，repellency) of petroleum ether extract of semen pharbitidis was higher than that of methanol extract. The adjusted mortalities of female mite and egg were respectively 93.7% and 77.3% with treatment of 2 mg·mL^-1 of the petroleum ether extract for 24 h，and their LC₅₀ was 0.697 9 and 1.303 7 mg·mL^-1. And the treatment caused 82.51% and 94.54% of oviposition inhibition and repellency rate. The petroleum ether extract of semen pharbitidis was further separated and purified. The bioactivity of petroleum ether purified extracts of semen pharbitidis was higher with the adjusted mortalities of female mite and egg were 96.2% and 82.1%，their LC₅₀ was 0.504 2 and 1.101 6mg·mL^-1. The silica gel column was used to separate and purify active components of the crude purified extracts of petroleum ether. A total of 12 bands were seen with TLC analysis. The band 8 appeared the strongest acarocidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus，and the adjusted mortalities of female mite was 96.4% at the concentration of 2 mg·mL^-1， the LC₅₀ was 0.447 7 mg·mL^-1.

Abstract： Bark could protect phloem and cambium of the tree bole. Flame retardancy of bark should be taken into account while screening tree species for the fire protection. The flame retardancy characteristic parameters were put forward based on bark structure，approximate analysis and thermal weight losing，inner surface temperature of bark during external heat radiating of 5 main tree species for forestation. The order of flame retardancy of bark from strong to weak was：Alnus nepalensis，Keteleeria evelyniana，Pinus yunnanensis，Eucalyptus maideni，Pinus armandii. According to the flame retardancy of bark and the fire resistance of the 5 tree species，we commended forest fire protection measures correspondingly.

Abstract： Fire behavior and fuel loading changes were investigated in plots of two burned, occurred in spring of 2007, slashes in Daxingan Mountains. We used Canadian fire weather index (FWI) system to analysis fire danger changes in that period. A linear intersect method was used for assessing ground fuel loadings and the MODIS satellite data were used for burn classification. The results indicated that the indexes of FWI system were a good indicator for fire danger rating in Daxing'an Mountains. Most fine fuel moisture codes (FFMC) were more than 90 during April and May of 2007, and duff moisture code (DMC) and drought code (DC) were rising continually in April. The two fires occurred in high fire danger period. In Danxing'an Mountains most fires were surface fire, and some areas had torching fire. For broadleaf forests ground diameter fuels didnt increase significantly after fire, but all diameter fuels increased in coniferous and broadleaf mixed forests except 50～699 cm diameter fuels. Fire intensity had an influence on ground fuel loadings. After the fire with modest and high fire intensity the grass coverage decreased significantly and had a high mortality rate of understory. The areas with high fire intensity of the two fires were accounted for 332% and 464% of the burnedarea respectively.

Abstract： The threedimensional finite element model of lumbar vertebrae(L₄-L ₅) with similar geometrical structure and material character, which can be used to analyze lumbar vertebrae biomechanics for the lumbermen using chain saw in forest harvesting. The research studied von mises tress on the vertebrae,intervertebral disc and zygapophysial joint while the lumbermen stoop and stand, the results were following: stress concentration at inervertebral disc was found at middleposterior location of exterior annulus fibrosus, posterior location in flexion especially evident. Von mises stress at vertebral body is higher than that of the below nucleus pulposus, von mises stress at the endplate of adjacent vertebral body is higher than that of other location, the stress focused on around vertebrae arch of compact bone and adjacent endplate, stress concentration occurs at up and down articular processes of facet joints and pedicle of vertebral arch, for the posterior structure of vertebrae. When the lumbar vertebrae was subjected vertical compression, for the intervetebral disc, the stress concentration at the posteriorexterior location, the max von mises tress focused on center of adjacent endplate of spongy bone, anterior and anteriorbelow vertebral body, there is easy catagmatic location of cuniform compressibility fracture, the same to up and down articular processes of facet joints.

Abstract： In order to know the dynamic viscoelastic properties of silicon dioxide/wood composite, their transition temperature and loss tangent of relaxation process was studied with differern weight percentage gain (WPG) by dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA). The research result showed that: the number of relaxation process of silicon dioxide/wood composite was less than that of untreated wood. The transition temperature of α relaxation process for silicon dioxide/wood composite made by sol\|gel moved towards high temperature with increasing WPG.The transition temperature of α relaxation process of WPG(0，5.10%，28.00%) was 75.2，76.8，93.6 ℃ respectively. The value of α relaxation process peak decreased, and the loss tangent of α relaxation process of WPG(0，5.10%，12.63%，28.00%) was 0.043，0.041，0.033，0.03 respectively. However, the onset temperature of αrelaxation process moved towards low temperature with increasing WPG for silicon dioxide/wood composite made by SCAsolgel. And their α relaxation process onset temperature of WPG(6.61%，8.08%，10.58%) was 44.9，410，32.2 ℃ respetively.

Abstract： Kinetics of bulk polymerization of acrylic rosin (βacryloxyl ethyl) ester (AR2HEA) in the presence of initiator AIBN was studied by using nonisothermal and isothermal differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results showed that the delta enthalpy increase gradually with increasing the amount of AIBN. In the nonisothermal condition: The rate of heating had no significant effecton delta enthalpy in the constant dosage of initiator. By using n t order kinetics, the resulted dynamic equations of polymerization of AR2EHA was d_α/d_t=5.58×10.13× exp(-1031×103/RT)(1-α)^0.941. In the isothermal condition: the results showed that the temperature had no significant effect on the enthalpy of polymerization and the velocity of polymerization increased with increasing temperature. The dynamic equation of polymerization of AR2EHA was dα/dt=1.48× 10.14 × exp (-1059×103/RT)(1-α)^1.05. The relationships between reaction degree and time deduced by these two equations were almost the same as the real data.

Abstract： The antifungal effects on different position of Platycladus orientali heartwood and the sequent extractives of hexane and dichloromethane heartwood were carried out with whiterot fungi, brownrot fungi and aspergillus niger, respectively. The chemical components of the two kinds of heartwood extractives were also identified and analyzed by use of GC/MS. The antifungal tests showed that the heartwood powder from pith to sapwood according to the growth rings had notable antifungal effects on the three kinds of fungi mentioned above.Furthermore, the antifungal effect of the two\|part heartwoods nearby sapwood was better than that of the heartwood nearby the pith. 14 kinds of chemical components were identified from the heartwood extractives by GC/MS, most of which are terpenoids and their derivatives, and the content of thujopsene is the highest (25.564%), cedrol (19.743%) is second only to that of thujopsene. 24 kinds of chemical components were identified from the dichloromethane extractives, and the highest component is also thujopsene (15.429%). The antifungal growth diameter of the hexane heartwood extractives on the 14th days was respectively 10.0, 9.3 and 8.3 mm, which was larger than the dichloromethane ones for brownrot fungi, whiterot fungi and aspergillus niger. It is proved that hexane extractives have a good inhibition effect on the three fungi growth than dichloromethane extractives.

Abstract： In this review, adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) is summarized in four aspects. The issues such as choice of initial sampling design, number and size of networks, critical value and neighborhood definition which affect the relative efficiency of ACS are analyzed and reviewed. Several estimators, modifications of the basic sampling design and simulation studies of ACS are discussed.
Applictaions in different fields of ACS are introduced. Finally, in combination with the practice the prospect of the development of ACS in some aspects is given in future study.

Abstract： Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are widely distributed on wild birds. The wild waterfowls are particularly natural reservoirs of avian influenza virus. Migration of wild birds could not be overlooked during the prevalence of avian influenza virus. The paper discussed some questions based on the research data of AIV, including the prevalence of each subtype of AIV in global wild birds, distributing characteristic of AIV in wild birds, influenza viruses in ducks, the migratory birds and AIV transmission, season character of AIV infect wild birds and the role of natural environment reservoirs in the transmission of influenza viruses, so as to understand much about AIV in wild birds.

Abstract： Advantage and disadvantage were compared among the main carbon offset standards for international voluntary carbon sequestration market. It was indicated that CDM\|AR (Afforestation and Reforestation Standard under CDM) is a better offset standard on insuring the additional for carbon offset.AFOLU\|VCS is a standard that reflects costs efficiency for validation and verification while still ensuring basic quality requirement. CCBS is standard that achieves biodiversity conservation and community benefits.Plan vivo system is a standard that helps to relieve the proverty and achieved multiple benefits. It was proposed that the combination of AFOLU\|VCS with CCBS should be implemented in voluntary carbon sequestration projects in China.

Abstract： Caloric value and nutrient characteristics of dominant plant species of six natural secondary plant communities of the Loess Plateau were investigated. The investigation showed that the gross caloric values of Hippophae rhamnoides, Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Pinus tabulaeformis, P. tubuleformis f. shekansis and Quercus liaotungensis were 18972，19186，19227，19795，19735 and 18085 kJ·g-1, respectively and the ash free caloric values of the six species were 19590，20620，19824，20538，20168 and 18368 kJ·g-1, respectively. The weighted averages of either the gross caloric values or the ash free average caloric values of Quercus liaotungensis were the lowest. The caloric values of the dominant plant species first increased and then decrease with progressive successions of their communities, indicating that the energy utilization efficiencies of the dominant plant species tended to increase first and then decrease as the community successions were going on. The caloric value greatly varied in the different parts of the six dominant plant species. Foliage was the most active organ of the plant, and its gross caloric value and ash free caloric value were significantly higher than those of the other organs (P<005). The total phosphorous took an important
share in the caloric value compositions of the plant vegetations, and was significantly and positively correlated with the gross caloric values and the ash free caloric values in the different communities. The caloric values of the groundlitter were generally lower than of the standing trees and fresh litter falls. The groundlitters of Pinus tubuleformis f. shekansisas well as Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus liaotungensis at the late succession stage decomposed rapily, and the higher groundlitter decomposition rates and higher light energy use efficiency of Pinus tubuleformisf. shekansis communities indicated that the Pinus tubuleformis f. shekansis community was probably the sub climax community at the middle or late succession stage.

Abstract： The light harvesting chlorophyll a／bbinding protein is one of key proteins in the transformation from light energy to chemical energy. An open reading frame coding precursor protein of cab gene was cloned from the first strand of bamboo cDNA through RTPCR methods, and named as cabPhE1 (cab gene 1 from Phyllostachys edulis EF207229). The sequence analysis showed that the deduced polypeptide was highly homologous to some other CAB proteins from monocotyledon, and the gene belonged to lhcb2 family. Tissue specific expression showed that cabPhE1expressed higher in leaf than sheath and stem. The prokaryotic expression vector of cabPhE1gene encoding the mature protein was constructed by subcloning the fragment into pET23 a and was expressed in Escherichia coli induced by IPTG. The molecular weight of the induced protein was about 28 ku，approximate to that of the mature protein. This work is a key to the further research on in vitro reconstitution of lightharvesting Chl a/b complexes.

Abstract： In this study, tetraploid of oil camellia (Camellia oleifera) was identified from the superior clones which were treated with colchicine, and the tetraploid variation was investigated with the experimental material. Analysis of the number of chromosome showed the chromosome number of the tetraploid oil camellia was 2n=4x=60, compared with the diploid (2n=2x=30). The morphological observation showed that the leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness and the space of leaf in the tetraploid were respectively increased by 98%, 385%, 25%, 4825%, 67%, compared with the diploid. The chlorophyll content and the length and width of guard cells were respectively increased by 4787%, 4815% and 3726%, while the leaf\|shape index reduced 381% than that in the control group. In addition, the leaf of tetraploid plant became more round, the total DNA content was twice as the control group was, and the net photosynthetic rate was also greater than that of the control group. The genetic polymorphism analysis with the mt DNA and cpDNA primers showed that no polymorphic locus was found in the tetraploid, which meant that the tetraploid was autotetraploid, however the genetic polymorphism analysis in the nDNA exhibited that the polymorphic ratio was 51%.

Abstract：In this study, the gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant activity in tall fescue cultivar, Houndog 5, were investigated under longterm high temperature stress. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll content, apparent quantum yield (AQY), the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vc,max), the maximum rate of RuBP regeneration (Jmax) and carboylation efficiency (CE) were significantly decreased after treatment with high temperature for 30 d. High temperature also decreased the efficiency of excitation capture by open PSⅡ reaction centers (F′v/F′m) and the proportion of open PSII reaction centers, thereby resulting in an increased electron transport flow (ETR). The nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and energydependent quenching (qE) of the tall fescue were significantly decreased, and the excess energy of PSII reaction centers (Ex) was largely increased after longterm high temperature stress. Moreover, high temperature stress significantly decreased the SOD, POD, APX and GR activities, and increased the MDA content. These results indicated that the mechanism of excitation energy dissipation and antioxidant systems were injured, so that the excessive excitation energy could not be dissipated and reactive oxygen species could not be scavenged efficiently.

Abstract：Songshan Mountain is located in the middle part of Henan Province, China (34°02′—34°42′ N, 112°32′—113°40′ E), and the climate is warm temperate zone. It was found that is Songshan Mountain, there were 393 species of woody plants belonged to 152 genera and 60 families. Based on their geographical distribution pattern, the 152 genera were classified into 13 types, among which temperate and tropical plants accounted for 6757% and 2838%, respectively. Moreover, the floristic elements pattern showed that the temperate floristic elements were predominant in Songshan Mountain, according to the characteristics of genera and species. It had an extensive linkage to the temperate and tropic zone of each continent at the level of genera, while it had a close relation to the East AsiaJapan zone at the level of species. Furthermore, it also had high correlation with the North China flora zone at the level of endemic species. In the whole, the woody plants zone in Songshan Mountain was originated old age and contained 13 monotypic, 8 rare and endangered species. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the woody plants in Songshan Mountain.

Abstract： The overwinter terminal buds of Paulownia elongata seedlings, tranplanted in February or before the mid of March in Zhengzhou of Henan Province were not able to flush due to water lost from the buds, and the bud died from the dry within 15～20 days after transplantation. Supplementary measures would be used to postpone flushing of terminal buds without influencing survival of the seedlings. By burying the seedlings in soil to the last ten days of March or the first ten days of April, the flush rate of the buds was able to be promoted. The rate of height of stem extension by terminal buds in height of main stem was 9671% in the same year, and the rate of trunk straight by main stem extension of terminal buds was 100%. The figure of main stem extension process of terminal buds of Paulownia elongata seedling trees was given in this paper for the first time.