笼养条件下不同性别朱鹮个体繁育成效的年龄差异

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240261

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to investigate the reproductive efficiency of Nipponia nippon under captive conditions and its correlation with ages of male and female individuals, and to gain a more accurate understanding of the reproductive biological characteristics of the species, in order to guide the establishment of a stable captive population and promote the reintroduction programs for endangered species. Method: The data of natural breeding of N. nippon under two captive rearing conditions (conventional housing enclosures and rewilding training mesh cages) in Shaanxi Hanzhong Nipponia nippon National Nature Reserve was collected from 2018 to 2020, and used to explore the effects of ages of male and female individuals on reproduction performance of the N. nippon. Result: The overall differences in natural reproductive parameters of N. nippon under different captive conditions were not apparent, but they were influenced to varying degrees by individual age. The clutch size increased and then decreased with individual age (LM: t=-2.651, P<0.01). The females aged 4–9 years old produced significantly more eggs per clutch than younger (1–3 years old) or older (>10 years old) individuals (ANOVA: F = 5.713, P<0.05). The hatching success rate declined with age (LM: t =–2.405, P = 0.018), and the hatching rate of females aged 1–3 years old was significantly higher than those aged 4–9 years old (t-test: t = 2.751, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the number of fledglings. The results suggest that the influence of parental breeding experience under captive conditions may mainly manifest during the egg-laying process rather than during the hatching and rearing stages. In addition, the age distribution structure of breeding output from both male and female parent birds was similar. Conclusion: The age of parent birds significantly affects the natural breeding performance of captive N. nippon. Breeding pairs have less reproductive experience at the early stage of sexual maturity, resulting in a lower clutch size. However, after the age of nine, the breeding birds show reproductive senescence, and their reproductive output is also low. Based on the results of this study, it is recommend that when releasing N. nippon into the wild, individuals aged 2–3 years old should be primarily selected, while the release of individuals older than 9 years should be avoided.

Key words: natural breeding, repeoductive parameters, reproductive success rate, reintroduction, Nipponia nippon

CLC Number:

S718

Wenbin Duan,Xianglong Xu,Jie Gao,Yi Liu,Yuanxing Ye,Changqing Ding. Age Difference of Male and Female Individuals in Natural Breeding Effectiveness of the Captive Nipponia nippon[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(6): 139-146.

Figures/Tables 4

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References 0

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年份 Year	繁殖参数 Breeding parameter	常规饲养笼舍 Feeding cage	n	野化训练网笼 Wild-training cage	n	t 检验 t-test
2018	窝卵数Clutch size	3.00 ± 0.00	4	2.67 ± 0.59	18	t =–3.416, P = 0.002
	孵化数Hatching number	2.25 ± 0.46	4	2.39 ± 0.49	18	t = 0.758, P = 0.465
	出飞数Fledglings	1.50 ± 0.54	4	1.83 ± 0.77	18	t = 1.456, P = 0.167
2019	窝卵数Clutch size	2.68 ± 0.47	10	2.50 ± 0.51	12	t =–1.351, P = 0.184
	孵化数Hatching number	2.37 ± 0.50	10	2.25 ± 0.44	12	t =–1.041, P = 0.305
	出飞数Fledglings	1.40 ± 0.50	10	1.42 ± 0.50	12	t = 0.109, P = 0.913
2020	窝卵数Clutch size	3.20 ± 0.62	10	2.52 ± 0.51	23	t =–4.334, P = 0.0001
	孵化数Hatching number	2.90 ± 0.55	10	2.30 ± 0.55	23	t =–4.025, P = 0.0003
	出飞数Fledglings	2.10 ± 0.85	10	1.83 ± 0.71	23	t =–1.260, P = 0.217

繁殖参数 Breeding parameter	模型结构 Model structure	df	logLik	AICc	ΔAIC_C	Weight
窝卵数Clutch size	Age +Age²	4	–107.15	222.61	0.00	0.41
孵化数Hatching number	Year	4	–109.68	227.65	0.00	0.17
	Null	2	–111.94	227.97	0.31	0.14
	Age +Age²	4	–110.47	229.25	1.60	0.08
出飞数Fledgling number	Year	4	–141.74	291.78	0.00	0.19
	Age + Age²+ Year	6	–139.63	291.91	0.13	0.18
	Age²+ Year	5	–140.81	292.07	0.29	0.17
	Age +Age2+ Year	5	–141.31	293.07	1.29	0.10
孵化成功率Hatching success	Age	3	64.77	–123.35	0.00	0.17
	Age +Age²	4	65.79	–123.29	0.06	0.16
	Null	2	63.42	–122.76	0.59	0.13
	Age²	3	64.16	–122.15	1.20	0.09
出飞成功率Fledgling success	Year	4	0.43	7.44	0.00	0.21
	Age²+ Year	5	1.42	7.61	0.17	0.20
	Age + Year	5	1.07	8.32	0.88	0.14
	Age + Age²+ Year	6	1.84	8.96	1.52	0.10
卵成功率Egg success	Age²+ Year	5	–0.57	11.60	0.00	0.21
	Age + Year	5	–0.63	11.72	0.12	0.19
	Year	4	–1.81	11.92	0.31	0.18

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Age Difference of Male and Female Individuals in Natural Breeding Effectiveness of the Captive Nipponia nippon

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