濒危植物崖柏回归苗木存活和生长与环境因子的关联性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211101

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The survival and growth of reintroduced Thuja sutchuenensis seedlings in relation to environmental factors were studied to reveal the main environmental factors that affect the survival and growth of T. sutchuenensis at the initial stage of reintroduction and to provide a scientific basis for habitat management. Method: Using typical sampling method, 142 plots of 20 m×20 m were set up in the T. sutchuenensis reintroduction areas in Kaizhou district and chengkou County of Chongqing city to investigate the preservation ratio, tree height, basal diameter, crown width, and 26 environmental factors including climate, topography, soil, vegetation, and human disturbance. Grey relational analysis was performed to reveal the main factors. The regression analysis was used to reveal the variations of survival and growth of the reintroduced T. sutchuenensis seedlings with the environmental factors. Result: The main environmental factors affecting the survival and growth of T. sutchuenensis seedlings were different in different places. In Kaizhou, the main environmental factors were type of land use and management, minimum temperature of the coldest month, mean annual temperature, slope aspect, content of available soil potassium, content of available soil nitrogen, and total soil porosity. In Chengkou, the main environmental factors were minimum temperature of the coldest month, mean annual temperature, mean diurnal range of temperature (mean of monthly), slope, content of soil total potassium, non-capillary soil porosity, and weeds coverage. In Kaizhou, the seedling height and basal diameter of T. sutchuenensis were significantly (P < 0.05) or extremely significantly (P < 0.01) positively correlated with the minimum temperature of the coldest month and with the annual average temperature. The crown width was significantly (P < 0.05) or extremely significantly (P < 0.01) positively correlated with the content of available soil potassium content, content of available soil nitrogen, and total soil porosity. The preservation ratio of seedlings was significantly (P < 0.05) negatively correlated with the content of available soil potassium. In Chengkou, the seedling height, ground diameter, crown width of T. sutchuenensis were extremely significantly (P < 0.01) positively correlated with the minimum temperature of the coldest month. The crown width was extremely significantly (P < 0.01) positively correlated with content of total soil potassium. The crown width was significantly (P < 0.05) positively correlated with the annual average temperature. The seedling height was significantly (P < 0.05) positively correlated with the mean of diurnal range of temperature. The basal diameter and crown width of seedlings were the largest on shaded slopes, and the preservation ratio of seedlings was the highest on semi-sun slopes. In land use and management, the basal diameter of intercropping with crops was the largest, and the basal diameter of the understory interplanting was the smallest. The crown width of intercropping with the medicinal plants was the largest, and crown width of the abandoned land was the smallest; the preservation ratio and height of intercropping crops were higher, but they were not significantly different from type of land use and management. Conclusion: Environmental factors, such as climate, topography, soil, vegetation, and human disturbance, had a certain impacts on the survival and growth of T. sutchuenensis seedlings at the initial stage of reintroduction. Among these factors, the effects of climate and human disturbance were dominant. The minimum temperature of the coldest month was the main environmental factor in Chengkou, and the land use and management was the main environmental factor in Kaizhou. The impact of the other environmental factors was relatively small.

Key words: endangered plants, Thuja sutchuenensis, initial stage of reintroduction, survival rate, growth, environmental factors, grey relational analysis, regression analysis, one-way ANOVA

CLC Number:

Fanqiang Ma,Quanshui Guo,Aili Qin,Zunji Jian,Jiyong Huang,Zhongbing Wang,Quan Yang,Shiqiang Zhang. Survival and Growth of Reintroduced Thuja sutchuenensis Seedlings in Relation to Environmental Factors[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(11): 1-12.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Grey correlation and ranking of environmental factors with the preservation ratio and growth indicators of Thuja sutchuenensis seedlings in reintroduction area of Kaizhou"

环境因子指标 Environmental factor	关联度Grey correlation degree				关联度均值 Mean of correlation	排序 Ranking
环境因子指标 Environmental factor	保存率 Preservation ratio	苗高 Seedling height	地径 Basal diameter	冠幅 Crown width	关联度均值 Mean of correlation	排序 Ranking
回归地利用和管理方式Land use and management type	0.77	0.71	0.78	0.74	0.75	1
最冷月最低气温Minimum temperature of the coldest month	0.76	0.72	0.81	0.68	0.74	2
年均气温Mean annual temperature	0.76	0.72	0.80	0.67	0.74	3
坡向Slope aspect	0.73	0.70	0.76	0.75	0.74	4
土壤有效钾含量Soil available potassium content	0.74	0.69	0.74	0.74	0.73	5
土壤有效氮含量Soil available nitrogen content	0.76	0.69	0.73	0.73	0.73	6
土壤总孔隙度Soil total porosity	0.76	0.69	0.71	0.74	0.73	7
土壤毛管持水量Soil capillary moisture capacity	0.72	0.68	0.75	0.75	0.72	8
土壤最小持水量Soil minimum moisture capacity	0.72	0.67	0.76	0.74	0.72	9
土壤含水率Soil moisture content	0.73	0.67	0.74	0.75	0.72	10
土壤最大持水量Soil maximum moisture capacity	0.73	0.67	0.73	0.74	0.72	11
土壤pH Soil pH	0.73	0.69	0.74	0.71	0.72	12
土壤密度Soil density	0.78	0.70	0.71	0.66	0.71	13
土壤全磷含量Soil total phosphorus content	0.77	0.68	0.71	0.69	0.71	14
土壤有机质含量Soil organic matter content	0.76	0.68	0.69	0.71	0.71	15
土壤非毛管孔隙度Soil non-capillary porosity	0.78	0.67	0.69	0.70	0.71	16
海拔Elevation	0.73	0.67	0.69	0.75	0.71	17
土壤全氮含量Soil total nitrogen content	0.76	0.68	0.70	0.71	0.71	18
杂草盖度Weeds coverage	0.73	0.68	0.72	0.71	0.71	19
坡位Slope position	0.77	0.69	0.71	0.67	0.71	20
坡度Slope	0.75	0.67	0.70	0.71	0.71	21
月均昼夜温差Mean diurnal range	0.77	0.66	0.67	0.68	0.69	22
年均降水量Mean annual precipitation	0.66	0.68	0.7	0.67	0.68	23
土壤有效磷含量Soil available phosphorus content	0.66	0.67	0.65	0.65	0.66	24
土壤全钾含量Soil total potassium content	0.63	0.66	0.62	0.69	0.65	25
杂草高度Weeds height	0.65	0.66	0.64	0.64	0.65	26

Table 4

Table 5

Grey correlation and ranking of environmental factors with the preservation ratio and growth indicators of Thuja sutchuenensis seedlings in reintroduction area of Chengkou"

环境因子指标 Environmental factor	关联度Grey correlation degree				关联度均值 Mean of correlation	排序 Ranking
环境因子指标 Environmental factor	保存率 Preservation ratio	苗高 Seedling height	地径 Basal diameter	冠幅 Crown width	关联度均值 Mean of correlation	排序 Ranking
最冷月最低气温Minimum temperature of the coldest month	0.76	0.78	0.85	0.84	0.81	1
年均气温Mean annual temperature	0.76	0.78	0.85	0.84	0.81	2
月均昼夜温差Mean diurnal range	0.75	0.77	0.85	0.84	0.81	3
坡度Slope gradient	0.72	0.75	0.81	0.82	0.78	4
土壤全钾含量Soil total potassium content	0.74	0.75	0.78	0.83	0.77	5
土壤非毛管孔隙度Soil non-capillary porosity	0.75	0.74	0.78	0.79	0.77	6
杂草盖度Weeds coverage	0.73	0.76	0.80	0.75	0.76	7
土壤最大持水量Soil maximum moisture capacity	0.69	0.75	0.80	0.79	0.76	8
土壤有机质含量Soil organic matter content	0.70	0.74	0.78	0.77	0.75	9
土壤全氮含量Soil total nitrogen content	0.71	0.73	0.78	0.77	0.75	10
土壤全磷含量Soil total phosphorus content	0.73	0.69	0.79	0.76	0.74	11
土壤密度Soil density	0.74	0.70	0.76	0.75	0.74	12
土壤有效钾含量Soil available potassium content	0.68	0.75	0.76	0.75	0.74	13
回归地利用和管理方式Land use and management type	0.70	0.69	0.77	0.77	0.73	14
海拔Elevation	0.65	0.74	0.75	0.76	0.72	15
土壤总孔隙度Soil total porosity	0.67	0.73	0.76	0.73	0.72	16
土壤pH Soil pH	0.69	0.72	0.74	0.72	0.72	17
年均降水量Mean annual precipitation	0.67	0.70	0.75	0.72	0.71	18
土壤最小持水量Soil minimum moisture capacity	0.65	0.69	0.75	0.71	0.70	19
土壤含水率Soil moisture content	0.66	0.71	0.74	0.70	0.70	20
土壤毛管持水量Soil capillary moisture capacity	0.65	0.69	0.74	0.70	0.70	21
土壤有效磷含量Soil available phosphorus	0.69	0.61	0.71	0.68	0.67	22
土壤有效氮含量Soil available nitrogen	0.65	0.63	0.70	0.70	0.67	23
坡位Slope position	0.63	0.60	0.70	0.70	0.66	24
坡向Slope aspect	0.67	0.61	0.68	0.66	0.66	25
杂草高度Weeds height	0.58	0.60	0.60	0.61	0.60	26

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Results of linear regression of preservation ratio and growth indicators of Thuja sutchuenensis seedlings with the main quantitative environmental factors in reintroduction area of Chengkou"

自变量 Independent variable(x)	因变量 Dependent variable(y)	方程 Equation	决定系数 Determined coefficient (R²)	显著性 Significance of equation (P)
最冷月最低气温 Minimum temperature of the coldest month/℃	保存率Preservation ratio	y = 0.24x+96.6	＜0.01
	苗高Seedling height	y = 8.84x+135	0.21	P＜0.01
	地径Basal diameter	y = 4.47x+49.7	0.25	P＜0.01
	冠幅Canopy width	y = 10.1x+116.1	0.29	P＜0.01
年均气温 Mean annual temperature/℃	保存率Preservation ratio	y = 1.09x+93.88	0.12
	苗高Seedling height	y = 0.96x+73.5	0.01
	地径Basal diameter	y = 0.68x+16.5	0.03
	冠幅Canopy width	y = 3.77x+18	0.19	P＜0.05
月均昼夜温差 Mean diurnal range (mean of monthly)/℃	保存率Preservation ratio	y = 3.24x+63.5	0.07
	苗高Seedling height	y = 15.3x-65.6	0.20	P＜0.05
	地径Basal diameter	y = 5.34x-28.6	0.11
	冠幅Canopy width	y = 10.97x-50.2	0.11
坡度 Slope gradient/(°)	保存率Preservation ratio	y = -0.06x+96.7	0.01
	苗高Seedling height	y = 0.18x+78.8	0.02
	地径Basal diameter	y = 0.04x+22.7	＜0.01
	冠幅Canopy width	y = 0.25x+50.8	0.03
土壤全钾含量 Soil total potassium content/ (g·kg^-1)	保存率Preservation ratio	y = 0.07x+91.1	0.05
	苗高Seedling height	y = 0.29x+67.4	0.12
	地径Basal diameter	y = 0.12x+17.1	0.09
	冠幅Canopy width	y = 0.45x+32.2	0.29	P＜0.01
土壤非毛管孔隙度 Soil non-capillary porosity (%)	保存率Preservation ratio	y = 0.2x+88.9	0.08
	苗高Seedling height	y = 0.32x+73.1	0.03
	地径Basal diameter	y = 0.18x+17.7	0.04
	冠幅Canopy width	y = 0.59x+37.8	0.10
杂草盖度 Weeds coverage (%)	保存率Preservation ratio	y = -0.06x+100	0.06
	苗高Seedling height	y = 0.15x+69.9	0.05
	地径Basal diameter	y = -0.011 5x+24	＜0.01
	冠幅Canopy width	y = -0.09x+63.9	0.03

Table 7

Fig.1

Fig.2

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环境因子分类 Classification of environmental factors	指标 Indicator	开州 Kaizhou	城口 Chengkou
地形因子 Topographic factor	海拔Elevation/m	598~1 637	1 041~1 622
地形因子 Topographic factor	坡度Slope gradient/(°)	1.00~45.00	2.00~40.00
气候因子 Climatic factor	年均气温Mean annual temperature/℃	9.35~16.03	7.87~10.75
	月均昼夜温差Mean diurnal range(mean of monthly)/℃	7.13~9.67	9.12~9.88
	最冷月最低气温Minimum temperature of the coldest month/℃	-5.80~0.80	-7.40~5.30
	年均降水量Mean annual precipitation/mm	1 184~1 224	1 175~1 209
土壤因子 Edaphic factor	含水率Moisture content (%)	2.96~68.31	14.39~43.38
	密度Density/(g·cm^-³)	0.62~1.71	1.06~1.39
	最大持水量Maximum moisture capacity/(g·kg^-1)	226.31~936.06	325.39~534.70
	毛管持水量Capillary moisture capacity/(g· kg^-1)	91.68~734.53	158.41~413.85
	最小持水量Minimum moisture capacity/(g· kg^-1)	25.21~667.02	74.27~297.42
	非毛管孔隙度Non-capillary porosity (%)	3.47~49.72	23.37~47.91
	总孔隙度Total porosity (%)	48.78~84.04	55.20~72.63
	有机质含量Organic matter content/(g·kg^-1)	4.11~78.76	13.96~38.81
	全氮含量Total nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)	0.44~3.83	0.87~2.29
	全磷含量Total phosphorus content/(g·kg^-1)	0.14~1.93	0.33~0.99
	全钾含量Total potassium content/(g·kg^-1)	15.73~39.67	32.28~80.70
	有效氮含量Available nitrogen content/(mg·kg^-1)	32.05~303.60	21.48~51.42
	有效磷含量Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	1.64~121.27	3.49~24.31
	有效钾含量Available potassium content/(mg·kg^-1)	70~450	70~310
	pH	4.67~8.20	4.84~8.19
生物因子 Biotic factor	杂草盖度Weeds coverage (%)	0~100	30~100
生物因子 Biotic factor	杂草高度Weeds height/cm	0~145	4~110

环境因子分类 Classification of environmental factors	指标 Indicator	样地数量Number of sample plots
环境因子分类 Classification of environmental factors	指标 Indicator	开州 Kaizhou	城口 Chengkou
地形因子 Topographic factor	阴坡Shady slope	40	21
	半阴坡Semi-shady slope	23	5
	阳坡Sunny slope	15	5
	半阳坡Semi-sunny slope	32	1
	上坡Upper slope	26	1
	中坡Middle slope	63	27
	下坡Lower slope	21	4
回归地利用和管理方式 Land use and management type	间作农作物Intercropping with crops	48	9
	间作药材Intercropping with medicinal materials	31	3
	林冠下造林Afforestation under canopy	19	10
	撂荒Abandoned land	12	10

回归区 Introduced region	苗龄 Seedling age/a	保存率 Preservation ratio(%)	生长指标平均值Mean growth indicator			年均生长量Mean annual increment
回归区 Introduced region	苗龄 Seedling age/a	保存率 Preservation ratio(%)	苗高 Seedling height/cm	地径 Basal diameter/mm	冠幅 Crown width/cm	苗高 Seedling height/(cm·a^-1)	地径 Basal diameter/(mm·a^-1)	冠幅 Crown width/(cm·a^-1)
开州Kaizhou	5.5	82±1a	68.68±1.20a	17.31±0.54a	44.53±1.15a	12.49±0.22a	3.15±0.10a	8.10±0.21a
城口Chengkou	6.3	95±1b	83.44±2.30b	23.61±1.07b	57.02±2.26b	13.24±0.37b	3.75±0.17b	9.05±0.36b

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Survival and Growth of Reintroduced Thuja sutchuenensis Seedlings in Relation to Environmental Factors

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