次级洞巢鸟类对不同生境下人工巢箱的选择

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211210

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Based on the survey of utilization of artificial nest boxes in different habitats in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve by secondary cavity-nesting birds, the attraction effect of various bird species and selection preference of ecological factors were analyzed, and the habitat requirements of secondary cavity-nesting birds during breeding were revealed, so as to provide reference for selecting sites to hang the artificial nest boxes. Method: The 10 m×10 m experimental plots were set up respectively around occupied nest boxes and non-occupied nest boxes, and in the plots, sixteen ecological factors, such as slope aspect and number of trees were recorded. Kruskal-Wallis H was used to test the selection differences of ecological factors between nest-boxes of different species. The generalized linear model (GLM) was used to choose the best model of artificial nest box selection for secondary cavity-nesting birds in different habitats. Result: In 2017 and 2019, six species of birds were attracted by artificial nest boxes in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve, including cinereous tit (Parus cinereus), willow tit (Poecile montanus), daurian redstart (Phoenicurus auroreus), Chinese nuthatch (Sitta villosa), Eurasian nuthatch (S. europaea) and yellow-rumped flycatcher (Ficedula zanthopygia). The success rate of attraction was 52.9% and its number of being used by cinereous tits was the largest (n=81). The cinereous tits, willow tits and daurian redstarts had significantly different preference of height of nest boxes set out (P=0.009) and average tree height (P=0.017). The hanging height of nest boxes used by daurian redstarts was the lowest and was significantly lower than that used by cinereous tits (P=0.015) and willow tits (P=0.024). The average tree height in the plots where the nest boxes were used by cinereous tits was the lowest and significantly lower than that of willow tits (P=0.013). The best model showed that the probability of nest boxes being used by cinereous tits was positively correlated to the number of trees (P=0.003), and negatively correlated to the DBH of trees (P=0.016) and the number of dead trees (P=0.007). The probability of nest boxes being used by willow tits was positively correlated to the average tree height (P < 0.001), and negatively correlated to the DBH of trees (P < 0.001). The probability of nest boxes being used by daurian redstarts was negatively correlated to the height of nest boxes set out (P=0.024), the DBH of nest boxes fixed trees (P < 0.001), the number of dead trees (P=0.009) and understory canopy density at 3 m from the ground (P=0.013). Conclusion: Artificial nest boxes have the best attraction effect on cinereous tits. Cinereous tits and willow tits prefer more vegetation coverage to hide while daurian redstarts prefer more vegetation coverage and illumination during breeding period. We suggest to set out artificial nest boxes in the dense forest with tall trees, and make the nest entrance toward sun to have more solar radiation. The distance between nest boxes can be set to 50 m apart in order to improve utilization rate.

Key words: artificial nest box, secondary cavity-nesting birds, breeding habitat selection, general linear model(GLM)

CLC Number:

S718.63

Yeqin Wang,Lu Li,Haiyue Yu,Xinyuan Zhao,Nan Zhang,Jing An,Changqing Ding. Selection of Artificial Nest Boxes in Different Habitats by Secondary Cavity-Nesting Birds[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(12): 99-107.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 2

Comparison of mean(±SD) of ecological factors of nest boxes used by Parus cinereus, Poecile montanus, Phoenicurus auroreus, and control group"

分类 Classification	生态因子 Ecological factor	大山雀 Parus cinereus(n=81)	褐头山雀 Poecile montanus(n=26)	北红尾鸲 Phoenicurus auroreus(n=27)	对照组 Control group(n=42)
地形 Topography	坡向Slope aspect/(°)	120.15±122.06	111.08±125.91	69.11±82.44	120.9±107.45
地形 Topography	坡度Slope degree/(°)	21.12±28.27	17.69±16.39	13.52±12.70	19.26±14.68
植被 Vegetation	悬挂树种Tree species of nest boxes fixed	—	—	—	—
	乔木密度Tree density/(tree·m^-2)	0.15±0.08(＜0.001^***)	0.15±0.07(＜0.001^***)	0.14±0.07(0.001^**)	0.09±0.05
	乔木均高Average tree height/m	9.58±3.32	11.00±2.52(0.003^**)	9.78±2.53	9.05±2.28
	巢树胸径DBH of nest boxes fixed trees/cm	15.74±4.71(＜0.001^***)	14.72±3.49(＜0.001^***)	14.49±4.01(＜0.001^***)	20.13±5.67
	枯木数量Number of dead trees/(100 m²)^-1	0.26±0.49(0.012^*)	0.31±0.62	0.07±0.27(＜0.001^***)	0.62±0.96
	树桩数量Number of stumps/(100 m²)^-1	0.05±0.27	0.04±0.20	0.00±0.00	0.05±0.22
	林冠郁闭度Canopy closure percentage(%)	44.8±19.05	48.27±18.49	50.00±17.32	49.21±16.36
	距地面1 m林下郁闭度 Coverage of 1 m from the ground(%)	17.65±17.06	19.04±15.97	24.70±20.03	22.10±21.35
	距地面2 m林下郁闭度 Coverage of 2 m from the ground(%)	11.75±14.83	7.58±7.51	6.04±5.46	10.26±14.11
	距地面3 m林下郁闭度 Coverage of 3 m from the ground(%)	12.57±16.20	9.62±12.44	7.04±10.95(0.038^*)	13.79±17.40
巢箱Nest box	巢箱高度Height/m	2.86±0.39	2.87±0.35	2.62±0.27(0.001^***)	2.95±0.47
巢箱Nest box	巢口朝向Direction of nest entrance/(°)	139.94±74.99	158.38±89.87	127.19±74.64(0.040^*)	170.62±95.23
位置Site	距道路距离Distance to road/m	21.49±26.24	28.04±25.86	24.52±26.24	23.79±31.27
位置Site	距水源距离Distance to water source/m	18.84±15.75(0.035^*)	19.13±13.83	13.65±7.10	14.17±11.97

Table 2

Table 3

References 0

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鸟种Species	2017	2019	合计Total
大山雀Parus cinereus/nest	29	52	81
褐头山雀Poecile montanus/nest	15	11	26
北红尾鸲Phoenicurus auroreus/nest	22	5	27
黑头Sitta villosa/nest	0	1	1
普通S. europaea/nest	2	2	4
白眉姬鹟Ficedula zanthopygia/nest	1	2	3
未知鸟种Unknown/nest	14	53	67
招引巢数Number of nest attracting birds	83^*	126^**	209
巢箱总数Number of nest boxes	147	248	395
招引成功率Success rate of attraction(%)	56.5	50.8	52.9

鸟种Species	生态因子Ecological factor	估计值 Estimate	标准误 Std. error	z值 z value	显著性 Pr(＞\|z\|)
大山雀 Parus cinereus	截距Intercept	1.438	1.236	1.163	0.245
	乔木密度Tree density	16.550	5.635	2.937	0.003^**
	巢树胸径DBH of nest boxes fixed trees	-0.121	0.050	-2.406	0.016^*
	枯木数量Number of dead trees	-0.994	0.366	-2.720	0.007^**
褐头山雀 Poecile montanus	截距Intercept	0.493	2.004	0.246	0.806
	乔木均高Average tree height	0.812	0.233	3.494	＜0.001^***
	巢树胸径DBH of nest boxes fixed trees	-0.543	0.151	-3.602	＜0.001^***
北红尾鸲 Phoenicurus auroreus	截距Intercept	14.108	4.305	3.277	0.001^**
	巢箱高度Height of next box	-2.979	1.324	-2.251	0.024^*
	巢树胸径DBH of nest boxes fixed trees	-0.297	0.088	-3.392	＜0.001^***
	枯木数量Number of dead trees	-2.612	1.003	-2.603	0.009^**
	距离地面3 m林下郁闭度Coverage of 3 m from the ground	-0.075	0.030	-2.488	0.013^*

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Selection of Artificial Nest Boxes in Different Habitats by Secondary Cavity-Nesting Birds

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