竹林密度和施肥种类对幕阜山区毛竹笋产量和品质及土壤理化性质的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211204

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aimed to provide theoretical basis for the high yield management of Phyllostachys edulis forests for bamboo shoots in Mufu Mountain area by investigating the influence of bamboo forest density and the fertilizer types on the yield and quality of bamboo shoots and soil physicochemical properties. Method: A two-factor complete randomized block experiment with three levels of bamboo forest density (2 100-2 550, 2 700-3 150, 3 300- 3 750 stem·hm^-2) and three types of fertilizer (compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and formula fertilizer) was conducted, and so there were 9 kinds of combination treatments in total. The natural bamboo forests which had not been managed and had no density regulation or fertilization during the study period were used as the control. The yield differences and changes of quality characteristics of bamboo shoots were analyzed. Based on principal component analysis, the effects of different management measures on soil physicochemical properties were evaluated, and then the redundancy analysis was used to explore the relationship between the quality of bamboo shoots and soil physicochemical properties and bamboo forest density. Result: 1) Within the range of bamboo forest density in this study, the bamboo shoot yield increased with the decreasing density, and reached the highest when the density was 2 100-2 550 stem·hm^-2. Fertilizer types significantly affected the bamboo shoot yield, and when compound fertilizer was applied the yield was the highest, when organic fertilizer was applied the yield was the lowest. 2) Fertilizer types obviously affected the nutritional quality of bamboo shoots, and the soluble sugar contents were the highest when organic fertilizer was applied, the protein contents were the highest when formula fertilizer was applied. The oxalic acid and tannin contents of bamboo shoots decreased with the decreasing bamboo forest density. The eating quality would be better with lower bamboo forest density. 3) After bamboo forest management measures were taken, the soil density decreased, but soil acidification was exacerbated at the same time. The soil pH-value did not significantly decrease only when organic fertilizer was applied. Regulation of bamboo forest density had no significant effects on the contents of total nitrogen and total potassium in the soil, but could significantly promote the content of hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter in the soil. Meanwhile, all types of fertilizers significantly increased the contents of hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil. 4) The soil physicochemical properties improved with the decrease of bamboo forest density. The soil physicochemical properties were the best when formula fertilizer was applied, followed by organic fertilizer. Except the management of "3 300-3 750 stem·hm^-2 + compound fertilizer", all other management measures could improve soil physicochemical properties, among which, the most effective managements were "2 100-2 550 stem·hm^-2 + compound fertilizer", "2 100 -2 550 stem·hm^-2 + organic fertilizer" and "3 300-3 750 stem·hm^-2 + compound fertilizer". 5) Soil physicochemical properties and bamboo forest density explained the quality characteristics of bamboo shoots well, and the explanation for the nutritional quality and eating quality reached 74.7% and 69.1%, respectively. The soil pH-value was the main factor affecting the nutritional quality, and the bamboo forest density was the main factor affecting the eating quality. Conclusion: The measure of "2 100-2 550 stem·hm^-2 + compound fertilizer" can better increase the bamboo shoot yield. The measures of adopting lower bamboo forest density management, applying organic fertilizer or formula fertilizer, and adjusting the soil pH-value can not only improve the nutritional quality and eating quality of bamboo shoots, but also improve the soil physicochemical properties.

Key words: Phyllostachys edulis forest, bamboo shoot, yield, quality, soil physicochemical properties

CLC Number:

S718.43

Wenjie Hu,Hongdong Pang,Xingyi Hu,Faxin Huang,Jiawei Yang,Lijun Xu,Miao Gong. Effects of Bamboo Forest Density and Fertilizer Types on the Yield and Quality of Phyllostachys edulis Bamboo Shoots and Soil Physicochemical Properties in Mufu Mountain Area[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(12): 32-42.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Fig.2

Table 3

Soil physical and chemical properties of Moso bamboo forests for different management measures"

经营措施 Management measures	土壤密度 BD/(g·cm^-³)	最大持水量 MHC/ (g·kg^-1)	毛管持水量 CHC/ (g·kg^-1)	总孔隙度 STP(%)	毛管孔隙度 CP(%)	非毛管孔隙度 NCP(%)	pH	全氮TN/ (g·kg^-1)	全磷TP/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾TK/ (g·kg^-1)	水解氮HN/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷AP/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾AK/ (mg·kg^-1)	有机质SOM/ (g·kg^-1)
A1	1.14 ± 0.09 b	495.65 ± 71.06 a	452.47 ± 55.24 a	55.98 ± 2.80 a	51.20 ± 1.99 a	4.78 ± 2.30 a	4.54 ± 0.23 b	1.77 ± 0.43 a	0.43 ± 0.11 a	11.58 ± 1.32 a	182.45 ± 23.15 a	66.04 ± 9.87 a	6.22 ± 4.03 ab	42.16 ± 9.81 a
A2	1.20 ± 0.11 b	451.69 ± 79.06 a	407.44 ± 55.04 a	53.28 ± 3.56 a	48.33 ± 3.83 a	4.94 ± 4.80 a	4.60 ± 0.20 b	1.87 ± 0.24 a	0.40 ± 0.13 ab	12.19 ± 1.03 a	202.60 ± 18.15 a	55.65 ± 9.90 a	10.01 ± 7.24 a	39.50 ± 8.21 a
A3	1.21 ± 0.14 b	446.08 ± 94.35 a	405.83 ± 70.68 a	53.02 ± 4.92 a	48.44 ± 3.66 a	4.58 ± 3.44 a	4.48 ± 0.22 b	1.72 ± 0.16 a	0.41 ± 0.13 ab	12.76 ± 0.83 a	186.31 ± 11.73 a	55.14 ± 6.20 a	8.64 ± 5.16 a	36.30 ± 4.36 a
CK	1.36 ± 0.09 a	444.48 ± 58.08 a	415.59 ± 63.61 a	52.79 ± 2.13 a	49.30 ± 3.12 a	3.49 ± 2.02 a	4.87 ± 0.28 a	1.58 ± 0.31 a	0.30 ± 0.03 b	12.09 ± 2.50 a	156.00 ± 28.90 b	37.59 ± 8.05 b	2.53 ± 1.32 b	28.46 ± 6.48 b
B1	1.24 ± 0.13 b	430.06 ± 87.53 a	385.48 ± 53.57 a	52.16 ± 4.49 a	47.12 ± 3.57 b	5.04 ± 4.76 a	4.37 ± 0.18 b	1.75 ± 0.23 a	0.40 ± 0.08 ab	11.81 ± 1.40 a	189.27 ± 25.24 a	57.33 ± 8.63 a	7.38 ± 4.88 b	33.96 ± 5.10 bc
B2	1.14 ± 0.11 b	492.77 ± 80.03 a	451.75 ± 70.89 a	55.64 ± 3.18 a	51.05 ± 3.35 a	4.59 ± 2.71 a	4.76 ± 0.11 a	1.79 ± 0.42 a	0.33 ± 0.05 b	12.07 ± 1.08 a	190.72 ± 22.38 a	55.50 ± 9.62 a	5.01 ± 2.32 b	45.97 ± 7.97 a
B3	1.17 ± 0.10 b	470.59 ± 74.28 a	428.50 ± 47.08 a	54.48 ± 3.67 a	49.81 ± 2.23 ab	4.67 ± 3.18 a	4.48 ± 0.11 b	1.81 ± 0.21 a	0.51 ± 0.14 a	12.65 ± 0.86 a	191.37 ± 10.96 a	64.00 ± 10.33 a	12.48 ± 6.45 a	38.04 ± 5.35 b
CK	1.36 ± 0.09 a	444.48 ± 58.08 a	415.59 ± 63.61 a	52.79 ± 2.13 a	49.30 ± 3.12 ab	3.49 ± 2.02 a	4.87 ± 0.28 a	1.58 ± 0.31 a	0.30 ± 0.03 b	12.09 ± 2.50 a	156.00 ± 28.90 b	37.59 ± 8.05 b	2.53 ± 1.32 b	28.46 ± 6.48 c

Table 3

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Table 4

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经营措施 Management measures		年份Year		平均Average year of 2018 and 2019
经营措施 Management measures		出笋小年(2018年) Off-year of bamboo shoots(2018)	出笋大年(2019年) Abundant year of bamboo shoots(2019)	平均Average year of 2018 and 2019
竹林密度 Living bamboo density	A1	1 858.59 ± 346.69 a	6 176.94 ± 2 301.52 a	4 017.77 ± 1 238.78 a
	A2	1 774.93 ± 577.85 a	5 364.78 ± 1 520.52 a	3 569.85 ± 772.88 ab
	A3	1 563.00 ± 413.81 a	4 938.89 ± 1 837.97 a	3 250.94 ± 1 020.96 b
	CK	517.05 ± 161.76 b	1 021.38 ± 529.13 b	769.22 ± 345.15 c

施肥种类 Fertilizer types	B1	1 888.27 ± 544.89 a	7 292.09 ± 1 663.80 a	4 590.18 ± 914.14 a
	B2	1 668.67 ± 505.02 a	3 778.79 ± 920.69 c	2 723.73 ± 536.16 c
	B3	1 639.58 ± 289.89 a	5 409.72 ± 1 143.01 b	3 524.65 ± 642.16 b
	CK	517.05 ± 161.76 b	1 021.38 ± 529.13 d	769.22 ± 345.15 d

经营措施 Management measures	蛋白质 Protein/(g·kg^-1)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar(%)	草酸Oxalic/ (mg·g^-1)	单宁 Dannin/(mg·g^-1)
A1	0.39 ± 0.04 a	1.31 ± 0.16 a	2.68 ± 0.35 b	4.03 ± 0.61 b
A2	0.42 ± 0.03 a	1.29 ± 0.11 a	3.17 ± 0.53 ab	4.64 ± 0.55 ab
A3	0.43 ± 0.06 a	1.33 ± 0.13 a	3.32 ± 0.49 a	4.89 ± 0.27 a
CK	0.38 ± 0.02 a	1.27 ± 0.06 a	3.58 ± 0.34 a	4.45 ± 0.36 ab
B1	0.38 ± 0.05 b	1.21 ± 0.10 b	3.33 ± 0.52 a	4.55 ± 0.70 a
B2	0.42 ± 0.04 ab	1.38 ± 0.12 a	3.10 ± 0.52 ab	4.65 ± 0.56 a
B3	0.44 ± 0.03 a	1.34 ± 0.12 ab	2.74 ± 0.40 b	4.36 ± 0.6 a
CK	0.38 ± 0.02 b	1.27 ± 0.06 ab	3.58 ± 0.34 a	4.45 ± 0.36 a

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Effects of Bamboo Forest Density and Fertilizer Types on the Yield and Quality of Phyllostachys edulis Bamboo Shoots and Soil Physicochemical Properties in Mufu Mountain Area

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重要性排序 Importance order	营养品质Nutrient quality			食味品质Taste quality
重要性排序 Importance order	土壤理化性质和竹林密度 Soil physicochemical properties and living bamboo density	贡献率 Contribution (%)	P	土壤理化性质和竹林密度 Soil physicochemical properties and living bamboo density	贡献率 Contribution (%)	P
1	pH	20.5	0.004	LBD	42.2	0.002
2	TN	17.3	0.038	AP	14.3	0.018
3	SOM	16.5	0.042	pH	11.8	0.032
4	TK	10.6	0.038	CHC	7.0	0.104
5	TP	10.4	0.092	CP	5.2	0.152
6	CHC	6.9	0.084	NCP	5.2	0.206
7	CP	4.4	0.156	AK	4.5	0.226
8	LBD	3.7	0.184	SOM	3.4	0.376
9	STP	3.6	0.192	TK	2.3	0.468
10	AK	2.0	0.360	HN	1.2	0.67
11	BD	1.5	0.474	TN	0.9	0.754
12	AP	1.4	0.442	BD	0.9	0.764
13	MHC	1.1	0.558	TP	0.7	0.782
14	HN	< 0.1	0.954	MHC	0.3	0.884