Scientia Silvae Sinicae ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (12): 108-121.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211211
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Bo Liu1,Yuejin Fu1,Xingxia Ma1,*,Yun Lu1,Lin Wang2
Received:
2020-09-17
Online:
2021-12-25
Published:
2022-01-26
Contact:
Xingxia Ma
CLC Number:
Bo Liu,Yuejin Fu,Xingxia Ma,Yun Lu,Lin Wang. Relationship between Wood Species Selection and Biological Diseases of Ancient Building Wooden Components in Severe Wood Biological Diseases Area[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(12): 108-121.
Table 1
Age information, wood species identification results and biological diseases of ancient buildings"
编号 No. | 古建筑 Ancient building | 地点 Site | 始建年代 Year of initial construction | 木构件名称 Name of wooden components | 木材树种 Wood species | 生物病害位置、种类和程度① Position, category and degree of biological damage |
1 | 显圣王庙 Xiansheng emperor temple | 河南孟州 Mengzhou, Henan Province | 元代至正二十一年 (AD 1361) The 21st year of Zhizheng, Yuan dynasty | 檐柱Eave column | 榆木Ulmus sp. | 局部Partial 腐朽Decay/1 虫蛀Insect-attacked/轻微Slight |
2 | 斗栱(角科) Angle section arch | 臭椿Ailanthus altissima | 局部Partial 腐朽Decay/3 | |||
3 | 斗栱(平身科) Flat section arch | 榆木Ulmus sp. | 局部Partial 腐朽Decay/3 | |||
4 | 梁Beam | 栎木Quercus sp. | 局部Partial 腐朽Decay/4 虫蛀Insect-attacked/轻微Slight | |||
5 | 天童寺 Tiantong temple | 浙江宁波 Ningbo, Zhejiang Province | 西晋永康元年 (AD 300) The first year of Yongkang, Western Jin dynasty | 檩Purlin | 杉木Cunninghamia sp. | 边材Sapwood 木蜂Carpenter bees/严重Serious |
6 | 檩Purlin | 杉木Cunninghamia sp. | 局部Partial 腐朽Decay/3 | |||
7 | 崇兴庙古戏台 Ancient stage in Chongxing temple | 浙江宁波 Ningbo, Zhejiang Province | 清康熙中期 (AD 1643—1722) Middle period of Kangxi, Qing dynasty | 椽Rafters | 硬木松Pinus sp. | 心边材Heartwood & sapwood 木蜂Carpenter bees/严重Serious |
8 | 椽Rafters | 桦木Betula sp. | 心边材Heartwood & sapwood 木蜂Carpenter bees/严重Serious | |||
9 | 梁(戏台) Beam(ancient stage) | 番龙眼Pometia sp. | 无腐朽No decay/0 | |||
10 | 梁(戏台) Beam(ancient stage) | 厚皮香Ternstroemia sp. | 无腐朽No decay/0 | |||
11 | 柱(戏台) Column(ancient stage) | 杉木Cunninghamia sp. | 柱根Column base 腐朽Decay/3 | |||
12 | 柱(正厅) Column(stall) | 银杏Ginkgo sp. | 柱根Column base 腐朽Decay/2 | |||
13 | 城隍庙古戏台 Ancient stage in town god’s temple | 浙江宁波 Ningbo, Zhejiang Province | 唐永昌元年 (AD 690) The 1st year of Yongchang, Tang dynasty | 檩Purlin | 硬木松Pinus sp. | 全部Whole 木蜂Carpenter bees/严重Serious |
14 | 檩Purlin | 硬木松Pinus sp. | 局部Partial 腐朽Decay/2 | |||
15 | 窗棱Window edge | 椴木Tilia sp. | 局部Partial 腐朽Decay/1 | |||
16 | 柱(大殿) Column(audience hall) | 锥木Castanopsis sp. | 表皮Bark 虫蛀Insect-attacked/轻微Slight | |||
17 | 梁(戏台) Column(ancient stage) | 楠木Phoebe sp. | 无腐朽No decay/0 | |||
18 | 保安寺 Bao’an temple | 贵州织金 Zhijin, Guizhou Province | 清道光二十四年 (AD 1844) The 24th year of Daoguang, Qing dynasty | 槛(二楼门) Threshold(second floor) | 杨木Populus sp. | 全部Whole 腐朽Decay/4 蠹虫Moth/严重Serious |
19 | 玉皇阁 Jade emperor pavilion | 贵州织金 Zhijin, Guizhou Province | 清康熙二十九年 (AD 1690) The 29th year of Kangxi, Qing dynasty | 柱Column | 桦木Betula sp. | 心边材Heartwood & sapwood 腐朽Decay/1 |
20 | 财神庙 God of wealth temple | 贵州织金 Zhijin, Guizhou Province | 清康熙初年 (AD 1661) Early years of Kangxi, Qing dynasty | 雀替Sparrow | 杨木Populus sp. | 心边材Heartwood & sapwood 腐朽Decay/1 虫蛀Insect-attacked/轻微Slight |
21 | 昂Ang | 桦木Betula sp. | 心边材Heartwood & sapwood 虫蛀Insect-attacked/轻微Slight | |||
22 | 翘飞Flying rafter | 杉木Cunninghamia sp. | 心边材Heartwood & sapwood 腐朽Decay/3 虫蛀Insect-attacked/轻微Slight | |||
23 | 黑神庙 Black god temple | 贵州织金 Zhijin, Guizhou Province | 唐肃宗晚期 (AD 711—757) Late period of Suzong, Tang dynasty | 柱Column | 落叶松Larix sp. | 全部Whole 干腐Dry rot/4 |
24 | 武庙三楚宫戏楼 Wu temple Sanchu palace theater | 贵州毕节 Bijie, Guizhou Province | 清康熙三十八年 (AD 1699) The 38th year of Kangxi, Qing dynasty | 柱(外柱) Column(outer) | 杨木Populus sp. | 全部Whole 腐朽Decay/4 |
25 | 柱(里柱) Column(inner) | 杨木Populus sp. | 全部Whole 腐朽Decay/4 | |||
26 | 大屯土司庄园 Datun chieftain manor | 贵州织金 Zhijin, Guizhou Province | 清道光年间 (AD 1821—1850) Daoguang reign, Qing dynasty | 门栓Door bolt | 杉木Cunninghamia sp. | 全部Whole 软腐Soft rot/4 |
27 | 隆兴寺 Longxing temple | 贵州织金 Zhijin, Guizhou Province | 清康熙六年 (AD 1667) The 6th year of Kangxi, Qing dynasty | 雀替Sparrow | 桦木Betula sp. | 全部Whole 木蜂Carpenter bees/严重Serious |
28 | 魏源故居 Weiyuan’s former residence | 湖南隆回 Longhui, Hunan Province | 清乾隆初年 (AD 1736) Early years of Qianlong, Qing dynasty | 梁Beam | 杉木Cunninghamia sp. | 全部Whole 腐朽Decay/4 |
29 | 椽Rafters | 杉木Cunninghamia sp. | 全部Whole 腐朽Decay/4 | |||
30 | 门板Door plank | 杉木Cunninghamia sp. | 全部Whole 腐朽Decay/4 |
Table 2
Physical and mechanical properties of wood species for wooden components"
树种名称 Wood species | 木构件 Wooden component | 气干密度 Air dry density/(g·cm-3) | 耐腐性 Decay resistance | 抗弯强度 Bending strength/(kN·cm-2) | 弦径向干缩比 Shrinkage ratio of tangential and radial |
栎木Quercus sp. | 梁Beam | 0.884 | 强耐腐Strong decay-resistant | 13.07 | 1.71 |
厚皮香Ternstroemia sp. | 梁Beam | 0.723 | 耐腐Decay-resistant | 11.09 | 2.13 |
锥木Castanopsis sp. | 柱Column | 0.689 | 强耐腐Strong decay-resistant | 9.78 | 1.71 |
落叶松Larix sp. | 柱Column | 0.669 | 强耐腐Strong decay-resistant | 10.98 | 2.27 |
臭椿Ailanthus altissima | 斗栱Arch | 0.654 | 不耐腐Non decay-resistant | 8.59 | 1.72 |
番龙眼Pometia sp. | 梁Beam | 0.640 | 稍耐腐Slightly decay-resistant | 8.38 | 1.12 |
椴木Tilia sp. | 窗棱Window edge | 0.630 | 不耐腐Non decay-resistant | 8.50 | 1.72 |
楠木Phoebe sp. | 梁Beam | 0.610 | 强耐腐Strong decay-resistant | 8.00 | 1.56 |
桦木Betula sp. | 柱Column、椽Rafters、雀替Sparrow | 0.594 | 不耐腐Non decay-resistant | 11.04 | 1.26 |
榆木Ulmus sp. | 檐柱Eave column、斗栱Arch | 0.590 | 稍耐腐Slightly decay-resistant | 8.88 | 1.70 |
硬木松Pinus sp. | 檩Purlin、椽Rafters | 0.544 | 耐腐Decay-resistant | 7.04 | 2.30 |
银杏Ginkgo sp. | 柱Column | 0.532 | 强耐腐Strong decay-resistant | 7.63 | 1.36 |
杨木Populus sp. | 柱Column、门槛Threshold、雀替Sparrow | 0.474 | 不耐腐Non decay-resistant | 6.70 | 2.23 |
杉木Cunninghamia sp. | 柱Column、梁Beam、檩Purlin、椽Rafters、翘飞Flying rafter、门板Door plank、门栓Door bolt | 0.365 | 耐腐Decay-resistant | 5.62 | 1.98 |
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