秋季施肥对毛白杨苗木质量、造林效果和养分回流的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210706

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In the present study, we explored optimal fall fertilization regime by investigating seedling quality and field performance of Populus tomentosa in order to provide a theoretical basis for nursery accurate fertilization management. Furthermore, we examined the inner-mechanism of growth and nutrient resorption in field. Method: In this study, triploid P. tomentosa was used as experimental materials. Fertilization was carried out in fall after the formation of terminal buds, once a week for consecutive six weeks (from September 2 to October 7). A completely randomized block design with one factor was used to set four fertilization levels: 0, 5, 10, 20 g fertilizer per seedling totally (a water-soluble commercial fertilizer: 20%N + 20%P₂O₅ + 20%K₂O + TE). Seedling height, diameter and stem biomass (or stem volume) were measured at the beginning and end of each growing season. We also determined nutrient concentration and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) levels in stems and roots in nursery, as well as nutrient concentration in green and senesced leaves in field. Result: 1) In nursery, fall fertilization had little effect on seedling growth, but significantly increased N and NSC accumulation, especially in roots. The N concentration in stems and roots increased by 2.4%-12.0%, 17.4%-48.1%, respectively, and the root starch concentration increased by 17.9%-34.5%. Fall fertilization with N, P and K was mainly enhanced N storage but no significant effect on P or K storage, indicating the preference for N utilization. 2) In field, the growth of height, diameter and stem volume reached the maximum when the fertilizer amount was 10 g per seedling (increased by 40.0%, 80.4%and 85.3% respectively compared with the control), fully exhibiting the effects of fall fertilization in the nursery. When fertilization rate increased to 20 g per seedling, the seedling growth was inhibited and the survival rate the minimum of (63.3%) after afforestation. The result demonstrated that it is important to optimize fall fertilization rate. 3) Furthermore, the enhance of growth (10 g fertilizer per seedling) increased N resorption efficiency (71%) and decreased N leaching loss from deciduous leaves (56.4%). 4) Our results also showed that the changes of nutrient resorption were associated with shifts of multi-elements in leaves rather than single-element. Nitrogen resorption was negatively related to N and K concentration in senesced leaves, while positively related to P concentration in green and senesced leaves. Phosphorus resorption was positively related to N concentration in green leaves. Conclusion: N storage, NSC levels with field performance of seedlings are important indicators to evaluate the effect of fall fertilization. Infield, the increments of growth increase N resorption from leaves and sequence, decrease N leaching. It is paramount to optimize fall fertilization rate, however it is particularly important to determine the reasonable amount of fertilization in fall. Nutrient storage, NSC accumulation and field performance of triploid P. tomentosa seedlings are benefit when fertilization rate is 10 g fertilizer per seedling, but when fertilization rate is 20 g fertilizer per seedling, it has a negative effect.

Key words: Fall fertilization, nutrient storage, field performance, growth, nutrient resorption

CLC Number:

S718.43

Miaomiao Wang,Yong Liu,Guolei Li,Yuxin Peng,Chunhe Liu,Jiansong Zhao,Shuhong Wang,Biao Dong,Changwei Wang,Ruirui Zhao. Effects of Autum Fertilization on Quality, Field Performance and Nutrient Resorption of Populus tomentosa Seedling[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(7): 51-60.

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References 0

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土层 Soil layer/cm	全氮Total N/(mg·kg^-1)	全磷Total P/ (mg·kg^-1)	全钾Total K/ (g·kg^-1)
苗圃地Nursery(0~30)	363.5	714.0	4.0
造林地Field(0~30)	446.8	280.1	8.3
造林地Field(30~60)	287.3	195.1	7.3

阶段Stage	苗高 Seedling height	地径 Diameter	茎生物量(茎体积) Stem biomass(stem volume)
苗圃Nursery	F=5.52; P=0.013	F=0.44; P=0.728	F=0.16; P=0.920
造林Field	F=30.1; P＜0.001	F=56.5; P＜0.001	F=17.7; P＜0.001

项目Item	茎Stem	根Root
氮浓度N concentration	F=24.5; P＜0.001	F=35.3; P＜0.001
磷浓度P concentration	F=3.33; P=0.056	F=0.96; P=0.443
钾浓度K concentration	F=5.73; P=0.011	F=0.71; P=0.561
可溶性糖浓度Soluble sugar concentration	F=0.07; P=0.972	F=0.29; P=0.825
淀粉浓度Starch concentration	F=0.52; P=0.673	F=1.19; P=0.354

施肥量Fertilization rate/(g·seedling^-1)		可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/(mg·g^-1)	淀粉 Starch/(mg·g^-1)
茎Stem	0	44.575±2.525	22.102±1.469
	5	43.825±0.873	21.555±0.504
	10	44.750±1.878	20.437±1.240
	20	43.925±0.834	20.530±1.016
根Root	0	81.100±1.510	28.937±4.399
	5	80.825±2.403	34.125±1.309
	10	82.625±0.743	38.910±5.771
	20	80.375±2.029	35.665±1.890

变量 Variable		自由度 df	统计量 F	显著性 P	相关性 R²	回归系数 Slope
氮回流N resorption	绿叶氮N_green	7	1.766 7E-005	0.996 8	2.944 5E-006	-0.012 7
	落叶氮N_senesced	7	256.246 5	< 0.000 1	0.977 1	-2.024 9
	绿叶磷P_green	7	91.231 6	< 0.000 1	0.960 3	91.231 6
	落叶磷P_senesced	7	34.494 5	0.001 1	0.851 8	134.240 0
	绿叶钾K_green	7	0.762 0	0.416 3	0.112 7	3.520 5
	落叶钾K_senesced	7	16.157 4	0.007 0	0.729 2	-1.738 1
磷回流P resorption	绿叶氮N_green	7	29.071 9	0.001 7	0.828 9	0.992 8
	落叶氮N_senesced	7	0.421 1	0.540 4	0.065 6	0.077 5
	绿叶磷P_green	7	0.047 0	0.835 6	0.007 8	-1.212 8
	落叶磷P_senesced	7	1.518 2	0.264 0	0.201 9	-9.660 9
	绿叶钾K_green	7	0.764 6	0.415 5	0.113 0	0.521 2
	落叶钾K_senesced	7	0.910 0	0.377 0	0.131 7	0.109 2

Effects of Autum Fertilization on Quality, Field Performance and Nutrient Resorption of Populus tomentosa Seedling

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