黄土丘陵区不同退耕林地表土水溶性有机质含量及光谱特征差异

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211102

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The effects of restoration of farmland to forests with different vegetation was analyzed in the Loess Hilly Region by assessing the soil carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic matter contentand organic composition, fluorescence characteristics of the surface soil. This study was aimed to reveal the effect and mechanism of accumulation of water dissolved carbon and nitrogen in the soil of the farmland-converted forest, it will provide a scientific basis for the selection of types of returning farmland to forest and ecological function evaluation. Method: Armeniaca sibirica, Hippophae rhamnoides, Pinus tabulaeformis, Populus simonii, Robinia pseudoacacia, and R. pseudoacacia×Amygdalus davidiana mixed forest converted from cropland for 19 years and abandoned land as control were investigated by comparing the differences in the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), water dissolved organic carbon (WDOC), and water dissolved organic nitrogen (WDON) in the surface soil (0-20 cm). Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy technology and the parallel factor method was used to estimate the organic components, fluorescence index (FI), autotrophic productivity index (API), freshness index (β:α) and humification index (HI) of different soil water dissolved organic matters (WDOM). Result: Except for A. sibirica, the differences in SOC and TN contents of other forest types increased on average by 131.1% and 106.0%, respectively, over those of the abandoned land. Among the WDOC, the A. sibirica forest alone failed to increase the WDOC content, and the R. pseudoacacia×A. davidiana mixed mixed increased the most, reaching 108.9%. The WDON increased by 173.5% and 105.8% for R. pseudoacacia and the mixed forest land, respectively. The WDOC/SOC ratio of all forest soils was maintained at 0.30%-0.37%, and the WDON/TN percentage was 0.29%-0.64%. Both ratios were less than those of the abandoned land. The soil SOC: TN ratio of each forest type was 14.1-20.2, which was significantly higher than that of WDOC: WDON (9.0-16.5). The SOC: TN and WDOC: WDON of P. tabulaeformis forest are the highest, 44.1% and 98.9% higher than those of abandoned land. Three-dimensional fluorescence analysis showed that the WDOC of forest land reclaimed from farmland was mainly composed of stable macromolecular aromatic humus(C2), fulvic acid with a smaller molecular weight, humus acid(C2), and tryptophan-like(C3) compounds. Except for the H. rhamnoides forest macromolecular humus accounted for the largest proportion of all forest lands with an average increase of 45.1% when compared with abandoned land. There were no significant differences in FI, API and β:α indexes of the soil dissolved organic matters of different forest types, which ranged between 1.60-1.69, 0.57-0.62, and 0.56-0.61, respectively. The HI index of P. simonii and A. sibirica was significantly higher than that of the other forest types. Further correlation analysis showed that WDOC and WDON are extremely significantly positively correlated and significantly positively correlated with SOC and TN, respectively. C2 component is significantly negatively correlated with WDOC and WDON. WDOC: WDON is significantly positively correlated with SOC: TN, but is significantly negatively correlated with WDON/TN (P < 0.05). Conclusion: When compared with naturally restored abandoned land, farmland conversion to forests show the cumulative effect of total organic carbon and total nitrogen and it can significantly increase the WDOC content, especially for R. pseudoacacia mixed and single species that can simultaneously increase the dissolved carbon and nitrogen contents. At the same time, the soil WDOM of P. simonii and A. sibirica forests showed a relatively high degree of humification. This is because the farmland conversion to forests resulted in more stable and complex composition at the same time, the soil WDOM of P. simonii and A. sibirica forests showed a relatively high degree of humification, organic matters which increases the resistance to decomposition and is conducive to accumulation of soil carbon and nitrogen.

Key words: cropland conversion to forest, soil water dissolved organic matter, three-dimensional fluorescence properties, vegetation restoration, Loess Hilly Region

CLC Number:

S157.2

Chen Lu,Xiaodong Jiang,Guanyu Wu,Shuangjing Hao,Hongbo Ding,Xiaogang Tong. Content and Spectral Properties of Water Dissolved Organic Matters in Surface Soil of Various Cropland-Converted Forest in the Loess Hilly Region[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(11): 13-23.

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植被类型 Vegetation types	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	坡度 Slope/ (°)	坡向 Aspect/(°)	林分密度 Stand density/hm^-²	树高 Tree height/m	胸径 DBH/cm	pH	土壤密度 Soil density/(g·cm^-³)	林下主要草本 Main herbs under the forest
撂荒地 Abandoned land	109°21′24″E, 36°52′12″N	36	北偏西12° North by west 12°	—	—	—	8.3	1.25	铁杆蒿、胡枝子、野艾篙 Artemisia gmelinii, Lespedeza bicolor, Artemisia lavandulaefolia
山杏林 A. sibirica forest	109°21′27″E, 36°52′20″N	33	南偏东64° South by east 64°	770	3.1	9.1	8.0	1.27	铁杆蒿、长芒草 A. gmelinii, Stipa bungeana
沙棘林 H. rhamnoides forest	109°25′27″E, 36°51′47″N	27	北偏西5° North by west 5°	2 200	1.9	3.7	8.1	1.10	胡枝子、长芒草 L. bicolor, S.bungeana
油松林 P. tabulaeformis forest	109°20′7″E, 36°51′20″N	28	南偏西80° South by west 80°	1 817	4.1	7.4	8.0	1.15	长芒草、野艾蒿 S. bungeana、A. lavandulaefolia
杨树林 P. simonii forest	109°20′30″E, 36°51′48″N	35	北偏西20° North by west 20°	822	11.3	17.6	8.1	1.13	狗尾草、长芒草 Setaria viridis, S. bungeana
刺槐林 R. pseudoacacia forest	109°21′27″E, 36°52′10″N	27	北偏东80° North by east 80°	1 200	9.9	12.1	7.9	1.27	铁杆蒿、达乌里胡枝子 A. gmelinii, Lespedeza davurica
刺槐×山桃混交林 R. pseudoacacia×A.davidiana mixed forests	109°21′26″E, 36°52′12″N	27	北偏东80° North by east 80°	1 333	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia: 9.1	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia: 10.5	7.9	1.23	葎草、野艾蒿、铁杆蒿 Humulus scandens、A.lavandulaefolia、A. gmelinii
刺槐×山桃混交林 R. pseudoacacia×A.davidiana mixed forests	109°21′26″E, 36°52′12″N	27	北偏东80° North by east 80°	1 333	山桃 A. davidiana: 2.7	山桃 A. davidiana: 5.1	7.9	1.23

指标 Index	撂荒地 Abandoned land	山杏林 A. sibirica forest	沙棘林 H. rhamnoides forest	油松林 P. tabulaeformis forest	杨树林 P. simonii forest	刺槐林 R. pseudoacacia forest	刺槐×山桃 R. pseudoacacia×A. davidiana mixed forests
荧光指数 Fluorescence index(FI)	1.63±0.04a	1.68±0.03a	1.62±0.03a	1.69±0.04a	1.65±0.05a	1.64±0.04a	1.60±0.04a
腐殖化指数 Humification index(HI)	4.23±0.56b	5.86±0.39a	4.56±0.37b	3.95±0.40b	5.70±0.48a	4.69±0.24b	4.53±0.40b
新鲜度指数 Freshness index(β:α)	0.59±0.01a	0.61±0.01a	0.56±0.03a	0.59±0.03a	0.56±0.05a	0.57±0.02a	0.58±0.01a
自身生产力指数 Autotrophic productivity index(API)	0.60±0.01a	0.62±0.01a	0.57±0.03b	0.60±0.03a	0.57±0.05a	0.58±0.02a	0.59±0.01a

指标 Index	WDOC	WDON	SOC	TN	WDOC/SOC	WDON/TN	SOC∶TN	WDOC∶WDON	FI	HI	β∶α	API	C1	C2	C3
WDOC	1.000
WDON	0.650^**	1.000
SOC	0.921^**	0.508^*	1.000
TN	0.906^**	0.528^*	0.952^**	1.000
WDOC/SOC	-0.411	-0.073	-0.685^**	-0.598^**	1.000
WDON/TN	-0.238	0.471^*	-0.449^*	-0.451^*	0.644^**	1.000
SOC∶TN	0.650^**	0.077	0.747^**	0.599^**	-0.597^**	-0.600^**	1.000
WDOC∶WDON	0.280	-0.497^*	0.400	0.354	-0.417	-0.867^**	0.697^**	1.000
FI	-0.186	-0.337	-0.032	-0.076	-0.106	-0.301	0.223	0.332	1.000
HI	-0.105	-0.154	-0.150	-0.118	0.003	-0.136	0.039	0.083	0.158	1.000
β∶α	-0.276	-0.183	-0.287	-0.328	0.062	0.161	-0.171	-0.110	0.301	0.041	1.000
API	-0.347	-0.224	-0.362	-0.406	0.138	0.198	-0.184	-0.126	0.335	0.111	0.976^**	1.000
C1	0.418	0.258	0.401	0.293	-0.343	-0.150	0.666^**	0.271	0.191	0.281	0.315	0.302	1.000
C2	-0.876^**	-0.552^**	-0.811^**	-0.734^**	0.364	0.174	-0.726^**	-0.348	0.045	-0.103	0.093	0.131	-0.681^**	1.000
C3	-0.306	-0.187	-0.299	-0.192	0.315	0.136	-0.610^**	-0.238	-0.221	-0.295	-0.369	-0.361	-0.991^**	0.576^**	1.000

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Content and Spectral Properties of Water Dissolved Organic Matters in Surface Soil of Various Cropland-Converted Forest in the Loess Hilly Region

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