北京城市河岸林木本植物种群多样性梯度变化

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20201121

Abstract

Abstract:

objective: This paper aims to study the diversity of urban riparian forests in Beijing and explore the regularity of gradient changes in the diversity of plant populations in order to provide a basis for the construction of close-to-nature riparian plant community. Method: Urban rivers of different scales within the sixth ring road of Beijing were divided into 337 river segments through field investigation. 575 transects in size of 400 m² were set up to investigate the species names and quantity of arbors and shrubs. Statistical analyses were carried out to compare the changes of diversity of urban riparian forests among different ring roads, different scales of rivers and different hardening-degree river banks. Result: there are 119 species, 75 genera, 40 families of urban riparian forest in Beijing, including 82 species, 49 genera, 31 families of arbors and 37 species, 28 genera, 14 families of shrubs; the Margelf index of urban riparian arbors was ranked as 5th-6th ring road > 2nd-3rd ring road > within 2nd ring road > 3rd-4th ring road > 4th-5th ring road, while the Margelf index of shrubs was ranked as 2nd-3rd ring road > 5th-6th ring road > 4th-5th ring road > within 2nd ring road > 3rd-4th ring road; the Shannon Wiener indices of urban riparian forest in different river gradients presents first-grade river > third-grade river > second-grade river, while the Shannon-Wiener index of shrub displayed opposite orders.4)the Magnelf index, the Shannon-Wiener index and the Pielou index of close-to-nature river bank are the largest among banks with different hardening gradients, while the diversity index (except evenness index) of shrub in the vertical dam bank isthe largest. Conclusion: The level of diversity of urban riparian forest in Beijing is generally low. With the increase of the distance from the city center, it shows a trend of increase-decrease-increase, which is consistent with the change trend of undergrowth shrubs. The trend of arbor-bush diversity of riparian forest in different river grades is different, and the arbor species diversity level is generally higher than that of shrubs. The overall level of tree diversity is higher than that of shrub. The arbor species diversity index is higher in close-to-nature river bank, while the undergrowth shrub diversity index is lower. We should make more use of the reasonable plant community structure of typical vegetation of arbor and shrub to improve the diversity level of urban riparian forest in Beijing.

Key words: rban riparian forest, population, arbor-shrub ratio, diversity, Beijing

CLC Number:

S731.2

Shaofeng Niu,Erfa Qiu,Zhiyi Zhang,Lu Xi. Changes of Diversity Gradient of Woody Plants Populations in Urban Riparian Forests of Beijing[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(11): 198-206.

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References 0

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河流级别	河流名称	河岸长度	调查长度	样带数量	样带总面积	乔木株数
River level	River name	River length/km	Survey length/km	Number of plots	Total areas of plots/m²	Arbor number
一级河流 First-order river	温榆河Wenyuhe	29.6	4.4	75	30 000	1 234
	北运河Beiyunhe	7.3	0.6	11	4 400	177
	永定河Yongdinghe	30.5	1.4	21	8 400	409
	小计Subtotal	67.4	6.5	107	42 800	1 820
二级河流 Second-order river	坝河Bahe	21.6	4.5	40	16 000	606
	北沙河Beishahe	11.5	1.0	17	6 800	311
	东沙河Dongshahe	7.1	0.6	9	3 600	185
	凉水河Liangshuihe	31.2	1.8	31	12 400	640
	南沙河Nanshahe	13.0	0.9	16	6 400	333
	清河Qinghe	20.2	2.2	40	16 000	701
	通惠河Tonghuihe	20.5	2.3	21	8 400	333
	小清河Xiaoqinghe	10.5	0.8	12	4 800	230
	小中河Xiaozhonghe	23.5	1.0	11	4 400	224
	小计Subtotal	159.1	15.1	197	78 800	3 563
三级河流 Third-order river	北旱河Beihanhe	7.2	0.5	8	3 200	130
	北护城河Beihuchenghe	5.8	0.8	14	5 600	207
	北小河Beixiaohe	16.6	1.4	25	10 000	457
	刺猬河Ciweihe	9.6	0.8	13	5 200	254
	京密引水渠Jingmi yinshuiqu	28.1	2.4	40	16 000	678
	莲花河Lianhuahe	4.2	0.3	16	6 400	310
	亮马河Liangmahe	9.3	1.0	16	6 400	245
	马草河Maocaohe	12.2	1.1	14	5 600	258
	南旱河Nanhanhe	7.0	0.6	7	2 800	145
	南护城河Nanhuchenghe	15.0	2.0	23	9 200	451
	南长河Nanchanghe	9.5	0.7	14	5 600	228
	土城沟Tuchenghe	10.2	1.0	12	4 800	192
	万泉河Wanquanhe	8.5	0.8	12	4 800	218
	萧太后河Xiaotaihouhe	16.5	1.4	18	7 200	362
	小龙河Xiaolonghe	7.3	0.5	6	2 400	98
	小月河Xiaoyuehe	10.2	1.2	9	3 600	162
	永定河引水渠Yongding yinshuiqu	17.6	1.4	24	9 600	398
	小计Subtotal	194.8	18.0	271	108 400	4 793
	合计Total	421.3	39.6	575	230 000	10 176

分类 Classification	类型Type	乔灌比 Arbor-shrub ratio	乔木Arbor				灌木Shrub
分类 Classification	类型Type	乔灌比 Arbor-shrub ratio	总株数 Total	科数 Family	属数 Genera	种数 Species	总株数 Total	科数 Family	属数 Genera	种数 Species
区域 District	二环内	0.69	451	16	24	39	658	10	15	16
	Within 2nd ring road	1.1	1 076	23	34	49	974	11	19	24
	二—三环	1.86	1 117	23	32	45	601	8	13	14
	2nd-3rd ring road	2.61	1 702	22	35	52	652	9	14	18
	三—四环	2.39	5 830	30	47	67	2 436	13	21	24
	3rd-4th ring road
	四—五环
	4th-5th ring road
	五—六环
	5th-6th ring road
河流等级 River grade	一级河流	4.25	1 820	19	26	38	428	10	16	17
	First-order river	2.42	3 563	22	36	49	1 475	12	20	21
	二级河流	1.41	4 793	25	41	67	3 409	12	25	29
	Second-order river
	三级河流
	Third-order river
河岸硬心程度 Degree of riparian hardening	近自然河岸 Close-to-nature river bank	1.94	4 950	27	38	56	2 557	11	19	21
	缓坝河岸 The slope dam bank	1.94	1 427	17	28	37	735	8	16	19
	垂坝河岸 The vertical dam bank	1.88	3 799	29	46	73	2 020	9	24	28

区域 District	Margelf		Shannon-Wiener		Simpson		Pielou
区域 District	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	均值 Mean	标准差 SD
二环内Within 2nd ring road	2.667	0.686	2.258	0.549	0.844	0.101	0.875	0.017
二—三环2nd-3rd ring road	2.919	1.260	2.277	0.302	0.869	0.034	0.880	0.037
三—四环3rd-4th ring road	2.376	1.052	1.741	0.670	0.804	0.139	0.721	0.145
四—五环4th-5th ring road	1.679	0.815	1.304	0.720	0.487	0.413	0.446	0.361
五—六环5th-6th ring road	3.035	1.030	2.223	0.348	0.828	0.062	0.779	0.054

区域 District	Margelf		Shannon-Wiener		Simpson		Pielou
区域 District	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	均值 Mean	标准差 SD
二环内Within 2nd ring road	2.012	0.382	1.715	0.146	0.479	0.066	0.427	0.112
二—三环2nd-3rd ring road	3.188	0.395	2.101	0.261	0.562	0.179	0.446	0.082
三—四环3rd-4th ring road	1.732	0.608	1.604	0.418	0.467	0.298	0.421	0.240
四—五环4th-5th ring road	2.323	0.351	2.152	0.334	0.595	0.130	0.548	0.360
五—六环5th-6th ring road	2.649	0.389	2.440	0.143	0.618	0.100	0.562	0.097

河流等级 River grade	Margelf		Shannon-Wiener		Simpson		Pielou
河流等级 River grade	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	均值 Mean	标准差 SD
一级First-order	3.819	0.117	2.519	0.020	0.871	0.009	0.793	0.031
二级Second-order	2.930	1.312	2.143	0.440	0.814	0.076	0.760	0.049
三级Third-order	3.599	1.022	2.331	0.397	0.838	0.062	0.774	0.063

Changes of Diversity Gradient of Woody Plants Populations in Urban Riparian Forests of Beijing

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河岸硬化程度 Degree of riparian hardening	Margelf		Shannon-Wiener		Simpson		Pielou
河岸硬化程度 Degree of riparian hardening	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	均值 Mean	标准差 SD
近自然河岸Close-to-nature	2.747	1.076	2.058	0.435	0.804	0.080	0.782	0.070
缓坝河岸Slope dam	1.840	0.808	1.709	0.593	0.723	0.203	0.773	0.159
垂坝河岸Vertical dam	2.654	1.543	1.852	0.866	0.717	0.272	0.719	0.242

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