科尔沁沙地南缘樟子松林蒸腾强度的年际变化及与降水、地下水位间的关系

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20201104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 通过连续、长期监测科尔沁沙地樟子松蒸腾过程，确定蒸腾用水量的年际变化规律及与降水、地下水位间的关系，明确樟子松的水分利用特征，为提高樟子松科学经营管理水平提供参考。方法: 利用热扩散式树干液流计对科尔沁沙地南缘章古台地区樟子松树干液流速率（J_s）与林分生长过程开展为期9年（2010—2018年）的连续监测，并同步监测气象、地下水位、土壤水分等环境因子。结果: 中等密度的樟子松林（404株·hm^-2）生长季（4—10月）的多年平均蒸腾强度为163.7 mm·a^-1，最高为209.5 mm·a^-1。蒸腾强度的季节变化总体上可划分为上升期（4—7月）和下降期（7—10月）2个阶段，4、7、10三个月份的日均蒸腾强度（T_s）分别为0.54、0.98和0.36 mm·d^-1，日蒸腾强度最高可达1.99 mm·d^-1。科尔沁沙地樟子松林分年蒸腾与年降水的比例（蒸/降比）多年平均为31.5%，在16.6%~54.7%间变动。在月尺度上，数据标准化后的樟子松蒸腾强度（T_s）与月降水量（P_r）、地下水位月均值（G）、太阳辐射月均值（PY）、0~60 cm层土壤体积含水率月均值（θ_{0-60 cm}）间的回归关系式为：T_s=0.043 48+0.222 99×P_r-0.424 64×G+1.201 93×PY+0.307 18×θ_{0-60 cm}（R²=0.58），太阳辐射对蒸腾强度的影响最大。结论: 科尔沁沙地南缘中等密度樟子松林分年蒸腾量约占年降水量的1/3，最多不超过55.0%。樟子松蒸腾能力（蒸腾强度与太阳辐射的比值）的年际变化总体上与由降水主导的从干变湿或由湿变干的水文年际变化趋势相符合，也与地下水位的年际变化规律基本吻合，但并不完全一致。

关键词: 液流, 樟子松, 降水量, 蒸腾强度, 地下水位

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, the inter-annual variation pattern of transpiration water consumption of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica stand and its relationship with precipitation and groundwater level were determined by continuous and long-term field monitoring, which would clarify the water relationship of the tree species in sandy land, so as to provide reference for improving scientific management level of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. Methods: The sap flow velocity (J_s) of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in the Zhanggutai area of the southern margin of Horqin sandy land was monitored continuously by thermal dissipation probe (TDP) methods for nine years from 2010 to 2018. Stand factors and environmental factors such as meteorology, groundwater level and soil volumetrical water content were simultaneously monitored. Results: The multi-year transpiration intensity of the medium-density P. sylvestris var. mongolicas stand (404 trees·hm^-2) during the growing season (April to October) averaged 163.7 mm·a^-1 with the maximum of 209.5 mm·a^-1. In general, the transpiration intensity rose from April to July, and then declined from July to October. The daily average transpiration intensity in April, July and October was 0.54, 0.98 and 0.36 mm·d^-1, respectively. The maximum intensity of daily transpiration over the whole study period was 1.99 mm·d^-1. The annual transpiration to annual precipitation ratio of P. sylvestris var. mongolica stand was 31.5% on average over the years, ranging from 16.6% to 54.7%. On a monthly scale, the normalized data of the transpiration intensity (T_s) of P. sylvestris var. mongolica showed a linear relationship to monthly precipitation (P_r), monthly average groundwater level (G), monthly average solar radiation (PY), and monthly average soil volumetric water content of 0-60 cm layer with a regression formula: T_s = 0.043 48 + 0.222 99×P_r -0.424 64×G + 1.201 93×PY + 0.307 18×θ_{0-60 cm} (R² = 0.58). Solar radiation had the greatest influence on transpiration intensity. Conclusion: The annual transpiration of P. sylvestris var. mongolica stand with medium density accounts for about one third of the annual precipitation, at most no more than 55.0%. The inter-annual variation of transpiration (the ratio of transpiration intensity to solar radiation) of P. sylvestris var. mongolica is basically consistent with the inter-annual changing trend of hydrology from dry to wet or from wet to dry dominated by precipitation, as well as with the inter-annual changes of groundwater, but not exactly the same.

Key words: sap flow, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, precipitation, transpiration intensity, groundwater level

中图分类号:

S718.43

韩辉,张学利,党宏忠,徐贵军,张晓,王斯彤,陈帅,张柏习. 科尔沁沙地南缘樟子松林蒸腾强度的年际变化及与降水、地下水位间的关系[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(11): 31-40.

Hui Han,Xueli Zhang,Hongzhong Dang,Guijun Xu,Xiao Zhang,Sitong Wang,Shuai Chen,Baixi Zhang. Inter-annual Variation of Transpiration Intensity of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Stand on the Southern Margin of Horqin Sandy Land and its Relationship with Precipitation and Groundwater Level[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(11): 31-40.

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观测时期 Measuring period	样木株数 Samples	天数 Days	林龄 Stand ages	样地林分密度 Stand density/ (stems·hm^-2)	平均胸径 DBH/ cm	平均边材面积 Sapwood area/ cm²	活枝下高 Height of live branch/ m	全树高 Tree height/ m	冠幅(东-西×南-北) Crown breadth (direction E-W×N-S)/ m	地下水位 Groundwater level/ m	郁闭度 Canopy closure	海拔 Altitude/ m
2010-04-12—10-31	8	203	32	404	16.2	155.2	3.7	9.4	4.3×3.8	-3.08	0.6	204.2
2011-04-17—10-31	8	214	33	404	16.7	164.7	3.7	9.55	4.4×3.9	-2.93	0.6	204.2
2012-04-18—10-31	6	197	35	391	20.7	250.4	6.5	11.5	4.4×4.3	-2.78	0.6	205.0
2013-04-26—10-31	4	189	35	560	20.7	250.4	4.3	10.4	5.0×4.8	-2.38	0.9	206.1
2014-03-28—10-31	8	214	36	404	18.4	199.0	3.7	9.7	4.6×4.0	-2.83	0.7	204.2
2015-04-02—10-31	4	213	37	290	18.6	203.3	4.1	9.85	4.7×4.1	-2.94	0.6	207.2
2016-04-01—10-30	4	213	38	290	19.5	222.9	4.1	10.0	4.8×4.2	-2.93	0.6	207.2
2017-04-01—10-29	4	212	39	290	20.0	234.2	4.1	10.10	4.9×4.5	-3.03	0.6	207.2
2018-04-01—10-15	12	198	40	372	19.9	231.9	3.7	10.20	4.8×4.3	-3.26	0.7	204.2

变量 Variables	年份 Year									多年平均值 Mutiple-year averages
变量 Variables	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	多年平均值 Mutiple-year averages
单株蒸腾强度 Transpiration intensity/ (kg·d^-1stem^-1)	16.0±7.9	12.1±5.1	22.7±12.0	32.8±16.3	23.5±12.0	17.2±8.8	22.4±13.3	21.2±9.5	18.8±11.3	20.8±5.5
单株年蒸腾量 Transpiration/ (tonsy^-1·stem^-1)	3.26	2.59	4.46	6.21	5.04	3.67	4.78	4.49	3.73	4.25
林分(参照密度)蒸腾强度 Stand transpiration/ (mm·d^-1)	0.65±0.33	0.52±0.23	0.63±0.36	0.98±0.51	0.98±0.50	0.74±0.38	0.89±0.50	0.83±0.38	0.84±0.50	0.86±0.31
林分(参照密度)年蒸腾量 Stand transpiration/ (mm·a^-1)	132.8	111.9	128.5	199.0	209.5	157.8	190.6	178.0	165.4	163.7
年降水量 Annual precipitation/mm	689.2	354.0	772.6	605.6	382.8	432.7	637.4	346	457.1	519.7
年蒸腾/年降水 Ratio of annual transpiration to annual precipitation(%)	19.3	31.6	16.6	32.9	54.7	36.5	29.8	51.5	36.2	31.5

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