内蒙古大兴安岭典型乔灌树种及其地表死可燃物热解特性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200711

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究森林可燃物的热解特性，了解林火发生的难易程度及潜在火行为特征，促进合理选择防火树种和构建生物防火林带。方法: 以内蒙古大兴安岭毕拉河林区森林可燃物为对象，进行热重分析得出其热解过程，以筛选抗火性能良好的树种。运用热重分析法，在升温速率为30℃·min^-1、通氧速率为20 mL·min^-1的条件下，对5种典型乔木（白桦、黑桦、兴安落叶松、蒙古栎、山杨）的3个部位（树干、树皮、树枝）及其林内地表死可燃物分3个亚层（未分解层、半分解层、已分解层）和3种典型灌木（平榛、二色胡枝子、兴安杜鹃）的枝条研究热失重行为。使用TG-DTG曲线分析样品的热解过程，利用Coats-Redfem积分法对样品的快速热解阶段进行动力学分析，采用热解特性指数P对样品的热解特性进行全面评价；通过活化能、着火温度与热解特性指数的综合分析，评价各样品的抗火性。结果: 空气条件下的森林可燃物的热解过程分为脱水阶段、快速热解阶段、炭化阶段。通过一级反应动力学模型Coats-Redfem积分法求出样品在快速热解阶段时的活化能（E）、频率因子（A）和相关系数R。结合热稳定性、着火温度与热解特性指数的综合分析可知，5种乔木的抗火性依次为：兴安落叶松>白桦>黑桦>山杨>蒙古栎；3种灌木的抗火性依次为：平榛>二色胡枝子>兴安杜鹃；5种乔木地表死可燃物的抗火性排序依次为：兴安落叶松>黑桦、白桦>山杨、蒙古栎。结论: 在所选植物种类中，兴安落叶松与平榛的抗火性最佳，研究结果可为内蒙古大兴安岭地区的防火树种选择提供依据。

关键词: 热重分析, 热解特性, 森林可燃物, 抗火性, Coats-Redfem积分法

Abstract:

Objective: The study on the pyrolysis characteristics of forest fuel can help us to understand the difficulty level of forest fire occurrence and the characteristics of potential fire behavior, which is of great significance for the rational selection of fire-resistant tree species and the construction of biological fire-resistant forest belt. In this paper, the pyrolysis process of forest fuel in Bilahe forest area in Daxing'an Mountains of Inner Mongolia was obtained by thermogravimetric analysis in order to select the tree species with good fire resistance. Method: Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the thermogravimetric behavior of five typical tree species in Bilahe forest area: Populus davidiana, Larix gmelinii, Betula dahurica, Betula platyphylla, Quercus mongolica (trunks, barks, branches) and surface dead fuel (undecomposed layer, semi-decomposed layer and decomposed layer), and three typical shrub species: Corylus heterophylla, Rhododendron dauricum, Lespedeza bicolor (twigs) under the conditions of heating rate of 30℃·min^-1 and oxygen flow rate of 20 mL·min^-1. TG-DTG curve was used to analyze the pyrolysis process, Coats-Redfem integration method was used to conduct the kinetic analysis of the rapid pyrolysis stage, the pyrolysis characteristic index P was used to comprehensively evaluate the pyrolysis characteristics, and the activation energy, ignition temperature and pyrolysis characteristic index were used to comprehensively analyze the fire resistance. Result: The pyrolysis process of forest fuel under air atmosphere can be divided into dehydration stage, rapid pyrolysis stage and carbonization stage. The activation energy (E), frequency factor (A) and correlation coefficient (R) of forest fuel during the rapid pyrolysis stage can be calculated by Coats-Redfem integration method of the first-order reaction kinetics model. Combing the comprehensive analysis of thermal stability, ignition temperature and pyrolysis characteristic index, the fire resistance of five tree species was Larix gmelinii > Betula platyphylla > Betula dahurica > Populus davidiana > Quercus mongolica. The fire resistance of three shrub species was Corylus heterophylla > Lespedeza bicolor > Rhododendron dauricum. The fire resistance of surface dead fuel of five tree species was Larix gmelinii > Betula platyphylla, Betula dahurica > Populus davidiana, Quercus mongolica. Conclusion: The fire resistance of Larix gmelinii and Corylus heterophylla are the best among the selected samples. The results can provide theoretical basis for decision-making of selection of fire-resistant tree species in Daxing'an Mountains, Inner Mongolia.

Key words: thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis characteristics, forest fuel, fire resistance, Coats-Redfem integration method

中图分类号:

S762

张恒,甄雅星,李佳艳,薛江,张秋良. 内蒙古大兴安岭典型乔灌树种及其地表死可燃物热解特性[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(7): 104-114.

Heng Zhang,Yaxing Zhen,Jiayan Li,Jiang Xue,Qiuliang Zhang. Pyrolysis Characteristics of Typical Tree and Shrub Species and Their Surface Dead Fuel in Daxing'an Mountains of Inner Mongolia[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(7): 104-114.

图/表 5

图1

图2

图3

表1

表2

样品的热解动力学参数及热解特性指数"

样品名称 Names of sample			温度范围 Temperature range/℃	动力学参数Kinetic parameters				热解特性指数 Pyrolysis characteristic index(P)/(10^-7%·min^-1℃^-3)
样品名称 Names of sample			温度范围 Temperature range/℃	拟合方程 Fitting equation	活化能 Activation energy(E)/(kJ·mol^-1)	频率因子 Frequency factor(A)/s^-1	相关系数 Correlation coefficient(R)
乔木Trees	树干Trunk	白桦 B. platyphylla	306.2~338.8	y=-31 354.0 x+38.408 1	260.677 2	1.963 3×10^-11	-0.999 8	0.821
		黑桦 B. dahurica	306.7~331.6	y=-29 908.3 x+37.270 4	248.657 6	5.842 3×10^-11	-0.990 8	0.929
		兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	321.2~346.4	y=-32 233.9 x+39.825 0	267.992 6	4.893 9×10^-12	-0.986 0	0.632
		蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	288.1~321.0	y=-24 421.2 x+27.917 9	203.037 9	5.499 2×10^-7	-0.976 4	1.434
		山杨 P. davidiana	323.1~343.8	y=-32 334.1 x+40.121 5	248.574 5	1.328 7×10^-10	-0.990 8	0.979
	树皮Bark	白桦 B. platyphylla	294.6~324.9	y=-23 186.8 x+26.258 6	192.775 1	2.744 1×10^-6	-0.959 5	1.234
		黑桦 B. dahurica	293.3~325.4	y=-21 617.0 x+23.685 7	179.723 7	3.352 3×10^-5	-0.959 3	0.725
		兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	285.1~306.2	y=-32 228.1 x+43.126 6	267.944 4	1.801 8×10^-13	-0.936 8	0.623
		蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	287.3~311.6	y=-28 675.0 x+36.741 1	238.404 0	9.509 7×10^-11	-0.954 7	1.181
		山杨 P. davidiana	282.9~323.8	y=-8 846.5 x+74.537 5	132.414 6	3.059 4×10^-1	-0.938 7	0.681
	树枝Branch	白桦 B. platyphylla	294.3~315.0	y=-25 705.2 x+30.912 1	213.713 0	2.898 6×10^-8	-0.976 7	1.277
		黑桦 B. dahurica	288.2~317.8	y=-30 879.9 x+40.922 8	256.735 5	1.564 1×10^-12	-0.956 1	1.125
		兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	284.6~308.8	y=-28 859.9 x+37.248 1	239.941 2	5.764 6×10^-11	-0.961 0	0.692
		蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	287.9~316.6	y=-29 112.2 x+37.345 9	242.038 8	5.273 2×10^-11	-0.970 2	1.151
		山杨 P. davidiana	283.8~302.9	y=-34 761.0 x+48.007 6	289.003 0	1.475 0×10^-15	-0.965 2	1.917
灌木 Shrub	枝条 Branch	平榛 C. heterophylla	292.5~315.0	y=-31 490.5 x+41.214 2	261.811 8	1.196 8×10^-12	-0.967 0	0.119
		二色胡枝子 L.bicolor	290.8~313.9	y=-29 318.2 x+37.570 9	243.751 2	4.244 4×10^-11	-0.969 8	0.122
		兴安杜鹃 R. dauricum	288.4~318.3	y=-13 404.1 x+10.315 9	111.441 7	1.325 7×10¹	-0.969 0	0.094
乔木地表死可燃物 Tree surface dead fuel	未分解层 Undecomposed layer	白桦 B. platyphylla	288.3~320.2	y=-22 040.31 x+24.706 3	183.243 1	1.231 8×10^-5	-0.954 4	0.145
		黑桦 B. dahurica	274.5~282.3	y=-60 927.9 x+95.889 9	506.554 8	4.144 3×10^-36	-0.992 8	0.010
		兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	278.1~298.2	y=-17 573.3 x+18.049 9	146.104 0	7.638 5×10^-3	-0.990 5	0.215
		蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	277.4~297.6	y=-20 769.3 x+23.717 8	172.676 7	3.119 2×10^-5	-0.978 3	0.227
		山杨 P. davidiana	271.8~291.1	y=-2 4421.2 x+27.917 9	100.305 6	5.263 6×10¹	-0.976 4	0.436
	半分解层 Semi-decomposed layer	白桦 B. platyphylla	269.3~289.8	y=-2 299.52 x+26.319 0	18.286 8	2.280 3×10^-7	-0.984 9	0.255
		黑桦 B. dahurica	276.4~297.7	y=-8 738.8 x+2.831 5	72.654 7	1.544 9×10⁴	-0.994 7	0.208
		兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	273.1~280.4	y=-40 256.9 x+60.154 8	334.696 4	9.058 4×10^-21	-0.955 7	0.014
		蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	277.1~298.1	y=-8 129.28 x+1.797 7	67.586 8	4.040 6×10⁴	-0.991 3	0.235
		山杨 P. davidiana	252.1~309.5	y=-8 549.23 x+2.381 7	71.078 3	2.369 7×10⁴	-0.964 7	0.314
	已分解层 Decomposed layer	白桦 B. platyphylla	263.3~288.3	y=-16 165.7 x+16.087 7	134.401 9	4.999 4×10^-2	-0.990 8	0.214
		黑桦 B. dahurica	273.4~305.0	y=-13 355.8 x+10.490 3	111.040 4	1.1 140×10¹	-0.9 880	0.337
		兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	268.1~274.4	y=-153 768.3 x+269.450 0	1 278.429 8	4.399 5×10^-11	-0.986 4	0.018
		蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	260.0~269.1	y=-10 517.52 x+4.226 0	87.442 7	4.610 1×10³	-0.996 3	0.143
		山杨 P. davidiana	271.6~291.9	y=-20 282.5 x+23.151 8	168.629 1	5.364 5×10^-5	-0.983 9	0.435

表2

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