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林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 102-108.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150313

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

喀斯特山区9种常见树木叶片在防火期的阻火性分析

梁琴1,2, 陶建平1, 邓锋3, 王微1,4, 方文1,5, 何平1   

  1. 1. 西南大学生命科学学院 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室 重庆市三峡库区植物生态与资源重点实验室 重庆 400715;
    2. 贵州工程应用技术学院生态工程学院 毕节 551700;
    3. 贵州工程应用技术学院化学工程学院 毕节 551700;
    4. 重庆文理学院林学与生命科学学院 重庆 402168;
    5. 重庆市林业科学研究院 重庆 400036
  • 收稿日期:2013-12-06 修回日期:2014-05-22 发布日期:2015-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 何平
  • 基金资助:

    中央高校基本科研业务费专项(XDJK2011C088)。

Fire Resistance of Leaves During Fire Prevention Period of Nine Common Tree Species in Karst Mountain Regions

Liang Qin1,2, Tao Jianping1, Deng Feng3, Wang Wei1,4, Fang Wen1,5, He Ping1   

  1. 1. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research for Three Gorges Reservoir Region Key Laboratory (Ministry of Education) of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region School of Life Sciences, Southwest University Chongqing 400715;
    2. School of Ecological Engineering, Guizhou University of Engineering Science Bijie 551700;
    3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University of Engineering Science Bijie 551700;
    4. Department of Forest and Life Sciences, Chongqing University of Arts and Science Chongqing 402168;
    5. Chongqing Academy of Forestry Chongqing 400036
  • Received:2013-12-06 Revised:2014-05-22 Published:2015-04-10

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摘要：

【目的】贵州是世界上喀斯特地貌发育最为典型的地区之一,生态环境脆弱,林火干扰严重。研究该区域树种阻火性,可为完善树种阻火性评价方法、筛选适宜的生物防火树种提供依据,并为喀斯特山区植被恢复提供参考。【方法】以贵州省毕节市喀斯特山区的云南杨梅、珍珠荚蒾、小叶女贞、粉叶栒子、椭圆叶越桔、茅栗、杜鹃、火棘、杉木等9种常见树木为研究对象,于2012年11月底(该区防火期为10月至次年5月)采集植株阳面的健康叶片(按树冠上、中、下3个部位进行采集),测定叶片的苯-醇抽提物含量、灰分含量、着火时间和燃烧热值4个理化性质指标,利用主成分分析结合加权逼近理想解排序分析法研究叶片在防火期的阻火性。【结果】珍珠荚蒾和茅栗的抽提物含量分别为云南杨梅的2.12和1.97倍;云南杨梅和珍珠荚蒾的灰分含量最高,而茅栗、椭圆叶越桔和小叶女贞最低;小叶女贞、茅栗和粉叶栒子的着火时间最长,而火棘、杉木和杜鹃最短;燃烧热值最高的是茅栗、椭圆叶越桔和小叶女贞,其次是杉木、粉叶栒子和火棘,最低的是云南杨梅。着火时间对阻火性影响最大,抽提物含量次之,再次是灰分含量,而燃烧热值的权重最小。9种树木叶片的阻火性大小依次为:云南杨梅 >椭圆叶越桔 >小叶女贞 >粉叶栒子 >茅栗 >珍珠荚蒾 >杜鹃 >火棘 >杉木。【结论】云南杨梅、椭圆叶越桔和小叶女贞的阻火性比较强,适合作为毕节喀斯特区的防火植物。主成分分析定权结合加权TOPSIS法适合对植物的阻火性进行合理评判。

关键词: 岩溶山区, 生物防火, 林火, 燃烧性, 抗火性

Abstract:

【Objective】 Guizhou province of China is one of the most typical karst regions in the world, at the same time, its fire disturbance is highly representative in the national forest fires. With the fragile karst environment plus severe forest fire disturbance, the fire prevention is particularly important and urgent in the Karst mountain regions of Guizhou province. Among the many fire prevention measures, the biological firebreak with its versatile, and long-term advantage, has attracted much attention of scholars and managers. The primary task of biological firebreak is to select the appropriate pyrophyte (the plants with good fire resistance). However, there is few study focus on the pyrophyte selection for karst mountain regions. On the other hand, with regard to pyrophyte selection, there is no uniform evaluation method up to now. It's necessary to select appropriate fire-resistant tree species which are also suitable for growing in karst mountain regions,【Method】we investigated 9 common tree species from karst mountain regions of northwest Guizhou. Based on the measurements of four leaf traits (benzene-alcohol extract content, ash content, ignition time and heat value) during fire prevention period, we used the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), combined with the Weighted-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (W-TOPSIS), to analyze the fire resistance. 【Result】The Viburnum foetidum var. ceanothoides' s and Castanea seguinii' s benzene-alcohol extractive content were 2.12 and 1.97 times higher than Murica nana' s; The ash content of M. nana'sand V. foetidum var. ceanothoides' were the highest, and Castanea seguinii's, Vaccinium pseudorobustum's and Ligustrum quihoui's were the lowest; The ignition time of L. quihoui, Castanea seguinii and Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. glaucophyllus were the longest, and Puracantha fortuneana, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Rhododendron simsii were the shortest; The highest heat value were Castanea seguinii's, V. pseudorobustum's and Ligustrum quihoui's, followed by Cunninghamia lanceolata's, Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. glaucophyllus's and Pyracantha fortuneana's, and Myrica nana's was the lowest; the indicator of greatest impact on fire resistance was ignition time, followed by extractive content, and then ash content, and, heat value was the smallest. The fire resistance order of the nine tree species was as follows: Myrica nana > Vaccinium pseudorobustum > Ligustrum quihoui > Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. glaucophyllus > Castanea seguinii > Viburnum foetidum var. ceanothoides > Rhododendron simsii > Pyracantha fortuneana > Cunninghamia lanceolata. 【Conclusion】The result suggests that the integration of PCA and W-TOPSIS is suitable to assess the fire resistance of plants. The Myrica nana, Vaccinium pseudorobustum and Ligustrum quihoui are suitable to be planted in the study region as high fire-resistant tree species.

Key words: Karst mountain area, biological fire prevention, forest fire, combustibility, fire resistance

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