幼虫取食不同寄主树种的云斑白条天牛成虫种群分化

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200710

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 基于幼虫取食不同寄主树种云斑白条天牛的成虫补充营养行为、形态特征及遗传特性的比较，探讨不同寄主对成虫行为的影响及其机制。方法: 比较幼虫取食毛白杨和美国红木岑2种寄主树种的云斑白条天牛成虫外形特征及雄性生殖器结构差异，利用选择性取食试验，观测这2类云斑白条天牛成虫对美国红木岑、野蔷薇、美国山核桃、日本珊瑚树及毛白杨5种寄主植物嫩枝的取食行为及交配行为，最后基于COI基因分析二者间遗传多样性差异及系统发育关系。结果: 1）幼虫取食美国红木岑的云斑白条天牛和幼虫取食毛白杨的云斑白条天牛外部特征存在明显差异。幼虫取食美国红木岑的云斑白条天牛雄虫腹部末端窄，呈钝角内凹状，毛稀疏，雌虫腹部末端呈弧形内凹，底部中央缺刻不明显，而幼虫取食毛白杨的云斑白条天牛雄虫腹部末端宽，呈弧形内凹状，密被毛，雌虫腹部末端呈平截状，底部中央具有明显缺刻；两者生殖器差异不明显；2）幼虫取食美国红木岑的云斑白条天牛成虫仅取食美国红木岑嫩枝，而幼虫取食毛白杨的云斑白条天牛可取食野蔷薇、美国山核桃和日本珊瑚树3种植物嫩枝，偏好顺序为野蔷薇>美国山核桃>日本珊瑚树；3）2个种群的天牛雌、雄成虫之间可相互交配，平均交配次数较同类群间存在差异但不显著（P>0.05）；4）2个不同寄主源的天牛种群存在明显遗传分化，分化指数F_st=0.814（P < 0.001），变异分化主要来源于种群间（83.19%）。结论: 幼虫的取食经历（取食不同寄主植物）和生境异质性可能对云斑白条天牛成虫补充营养行为及种群遗传分化产生显著影响。

关键词: 云斑白条天牛, 取食偏好, 形态特征, 种群分化, 交配

Abstract:

Objective: The effects of different host tree species, on which Batocera lineolata larvae fed, on adult behavior and the internal mechanism were discussed based on the comparisons of the supplementary nutritional behavior, morphological characteristics and genetic traits of B. lineolata adults. Method: B. lineolata adults emerged from host trees of Populus tomentosa and Fraxinus pennsylvanica were collected respectively. The external morphology and male genital structure of B. lineolata adults from the two host plants were observed and compared. Then, through the feeding preference experiment, the feeding behavior and mating behavior of these two kinds of adults on the shoots of five plant species, i.e. Rosa multiflora, Carya illinoinensis, Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki, F. pennsylvanica and P. tomentosa were observed. The interactive mating tests were conducted between B. lineolata adults from the two host plants. Finally, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI) gene sequences of the two populations of B. lineolata were cloned by universal primer, and the sequence differences and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed based on COI gene. Result: 1) There are obvious differences in external morphology between the two B. lineolata beetles whose larvae fed on P. tomentosa and F. pennsylvanica, respectively. The bottom of abdomen of the male adults emerged from F. pennsylvanica is narrow, in obtuse angle, inward-concave and covered with sparse hairs, and the bottom of the female adults is curved-concave, and the central indentation of the bottom is not obvious. However, the bottom of abdomen of the male adult from P. tomentosa is wide, curved, inner-concave and covered with dense hairs. And the bottom of the female adults is flattened and the central indentation of the bottom is obvious. The genital morphological characteristics of the two beetles are similar. 2) B. lineolata adults from F. pennsylvanica only consumed the fresh branches of F. pennsylvanica, and B. lineolata from P. tomentosa fed on three plant species, and preferred order was R. multiflora > C. illinoinensis > V. odoratissimum var. awabuki; 3) Male and female adults from different host plants were able to mate with each other, and the mean mating bouts was equal to that of male and female adults from the same host plant(P > 0.05); 4) Analysis of molecular variation(AMOVA) for COI genes indicated a significant genetic differentiation between the two B. lineolata populations(F_st =0.813 85, P < 0.001), and most of the genetic variance was among populations(81.39%) rather than within populations(18.61%). Conclusion: Larval feeding experience(feeding on different host plants) and habit differentiation can significantly affect feeding behavior of B. lineolata adults and genetic variation of populations.

Key words: Batocera lineolata, feeding preference, morphological characteristics, genetic variation, mating

中图分类号:

S763.302

彭瀚,张守科,耿显胜,方林鑫,张威,舒金平,王浩杰. 幼虫取食不同寄主树种的云斑白条天牛成虫种群分化[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(7): 91-103.

Han Peng,Shouke Zhang,Xiansheng Geng,Linxin Fang,Wei Zhang,Jinping Shu,Haojie Wang. Population Differentation of Batocera lineolata(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Adults Whose Larvae Fed on Different Host Tree Species[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(7): 91-103.

图/表 11

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表2

幼虫取食不同寄主树种的云斑白条天牛外部形态特征比较"

外部形态特征Morphological characteristics	取食美国红木岑^① Fed on F. pennsylvanica	取食毛白杨 Fed on P. tomentosa
触角第3节与柄节长度之比Ratio between the length of the 3^rd segment of antennae and the length of scape	♂1.42~1.63♀1.18~1.28	♂1.08~1.44♀0.95~1.16
触角第9或10节具齿突The 9^th or 10^th antennae with odontoid	♂无No♀有Yes	♂无No♀无No
前胸背板斑纹形状Stripe shape of pronotum	肾形Reniform	肾形Reniform
前胸背板斑纹相距距离Stripe distance of pronotum	2.10 ± 0.07 mm	2.32 ± 0.11 mm
前胸背板斑纹颜色Stripe color of pronotum	白色/浅黄色White/Buff	浅黄色Buff
中胸后侧片毛色Hair color of mesepimeron	白色/白色带黑色条纹White/White with black stripes	白色/白色带黑色条纹White/White with black stripes
鞘翅毛斑的数量(单鞘翅)Number of stripes of each elytron	6	6
鞘翅毛斑颜色Spot color in the elytra	白色/浅黄色White/Buff	浅黄色Buff
鞘翅基部颗粒状瘤突直径大小及疏密Size and density of tubercle on the base of elytra	0.33± 0.009 mm，密Dense	0.41± 0.018 mm，密Dense
鞘翅基部颗粒状瘤突的区域大小Area of tubercle region on the base of elytra	约占鞘翅的1/5 About 1/5 area of the elytra	约占鞘翅的1/5 About 1/5 area of the elytra
鞘翅端部形状Shape of the bottom of elytra	圆弧Circular-arc	平截/斜截Flat cut/Oblique cut
腹部末端形状Shape of the bottom of abdomen	♂:窄，钝角内凹，稀疏毛Narrow, obtuse, inward-concave, with sparse hair ♀:弧形内凹，底部中央缺刻极不明显Curved, inner concave, the incision in the center of the bottom is unobvious	♂:宽，弧形内凹，密集毛Wide, curved, inner-concave, with dense hair ♀:平截，底部中央具明显缺刻Flat cut, the incision in the center of the bottom is obvious
前足跗节第1节外端角具指突Digitation on the 1^st tarsal of front leg	无No	无No

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表4

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幼虫寄主^① Host for larval feeding	地区 Experimental sites	成虫偏好取食植物 Preference hosts for adults	参考文献 References
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*	四川德阳Deyang, Sichuan	青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca、梨树Pyrus spp.	杨洋，2017 Yang, 2017
*	江苏南京Nanjing, Jiangsu	柘树Cudrania tricuspidata、美国山核桃Carya illinoensis	孙巧云等，1991 Sun et al., 1991
*	江苏扬州Yangzhou, Jiangsu	梨树Pyrus spp.	严敖金等，1997 Yan et al., 1997
小叶青冈Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefoli、多脉青冈C. multinervis	江西上饶Shangrao, Jiangxi	小叶青冈C. myrsinaefoli、多脉青冈C. multinervis	徐天等，2010 Xu et al., 2010

雄性外生殖器Male genitalia	取食美国红木岑Fed on F. pennsylvanica	取食毛白杨Fed on P. tomentosa
总体骨化程度Ossification degree	强烈Strong	强烈Strong
阳基侧突长(内侧长度)宽比Ratio between the length(the length of inner side) and the width of lateral lobe	1.85~2.28	1.80~2.22
阳基侧突端部形状Shape of the bottom of lateral lobe	斜截圆弧形Circular-arc with oblique cut	斜截圆弧形Circular-arc with oblique cut
阳基侧突腹面基部后缘形状Posterior margin shape of ventral surface of lateral lobe	与中轴呈63°-69°斜截Oblique cut, 63°-69° to middle axis	与中轴呈69°-84°斜截Oblique cut, 69°-84° to middle axis
阳基侧突端部刚毛长短及密度Length and density of setae on the bottom of lateral lobe	0.63 ± 0.047 mm,密集Dense	0.44 ± 0.045 mm,密集Dense
中茎总体长宽比Ratio between the length and width of the median lobe	5.77~6.60	6.33~7.00
基孔夹角Angle of datum hole	19°~44°	26°~44°
第八腹板刚毛着生位置、长短及密度The position, length and density of setae on the 8^th sternum	端部Terminal, 0.43 ± 0.014 mm,密Dense	端部Terminal, 0.48 ± 0.019 mm,密Dense
骨杆粗细及长短Diameter and length of baculi	长Length: 3.91 ± 0.50 mm,直径Diameter: 0.27 ± 0.018 mm	长Length: 3.72 ± 0.37 mm,直径Diameter: 0.25 ± 0.009 mm
长骨杆形状Shape of long baculi	二叉状Two forked	二叉状Two forked
第八腹板边缘形状Shape of the margin of the 8^th sternum	弧形、中央凹陷/平截Arc, central concave/flat cut	平截Flat cut

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Df	平方和 Sum of squares	方差^① Variance components	变异百分数 Percentage of variation	变异指数 Fixation index(F_st)	P
种群间 Among populations	1	104.500	8.545 45a	81.39	0.813 85	< 0.001
种群内 Within populations	22	43.000	1.954 55b	18.61
总体Total	23	147.500	10.500 00

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