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林业科学 ›› 2008, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 171-176.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20081132

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

冰雪灾害对南方森林可燃物及火行为的影响

王秋华1 舒立福1 戴兴安2 王明玉1 田晓瑞1   

  1. 1.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林保护学重点开放性实验室,北京100091;2.中南林业科技大学,长沙410004
  • 收稿日期:2008-07-04 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-11-25 发布日期:2008-11-25
  • 通讯作者: 舒立福

Effects of Snow and Ice Disasters on Forest Fuel and Fire Behaviors in the Southern China

Wang Qiuhua1 Shu Lifu1 Dai Xing'an2 Wang Mingyu1 Tian Xiaorui1   

  1. 1.Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry Administration Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,CAF Beijing 100091;2.Central-South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004
  • Received:2008-07-04 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-11-25 Published:2008-11-25

摘要: 冰雪灾害后,实地调查湖南省娄底市、长沙市、湘潭市、株洲市等受冰雪灾害影响的马尾松、杉木、枫香、樟树和毛竹林及新发生的森林火烧迹地,设置野外样地,采集样品。室内测定分析含水率、可燃物载量等因子,计算火蔓延速度等火行为参数。结果表明:冰雪灾害造成森林内大面积灌木和草类冻枯冻死,森林中有效可燃物负荷量在短期内成倍地增长,可燃物厚度增加,连续性变强。在调查的7个样地中,最低载量为12.23t·hm-2,最高达到了50.26t·hm-2。森林火烧迹地火行为非常复杂,火强度在1500~9000kW·m-1之间,平均火强度超过3500kW·m-1,具有高强度火灾的特征;蔓延速度为111.67~972.71m2·min-1;火烈度都超过50%,具备大火的特征。

关键词: 冰雪灾害, 森林可燃物, 火环境, 火行为

Abstract: After snow and ice disasters,stands of Pinus massoniana,Cunninghamia lanceolata,Liquidambar formosana,Cinnamomum camphora and Phyllostachys pubescens and new burned forest areas in Hunan Province were surveyed in experimental plots.Water content and fuel load of combustible samples were measured and fire behaviors,such as rate of spread etc.,were calculated.The results showed that fuel load increased double in a short time,fuel thickness enhanced,fuel continuity swelled and water content of fuel decreased since shrubs and herbs died after snow and ice disasters.Load of fuel in 7 plots varied from 12.23 to 50.26 t·hm-2.After snow and ice disasters,with fire environment changed,fire behaviors of burned forest areas were extraordinary complex.Fire intensity was 1 500~9 000 kW·m-1,with average 3 500 kW·m-1.Rate of fire spread was 111.67 ~972.71 m2·min-1,and fire severity exceeded 50%.This situation suggested the forests were at the risk of the conflagration.

Key words: snow and ice disasters, forest fuel, fire environment, fire behavior