林火干扰对森林生态系统碳库的影响研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200418

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林生态系统是重要的碳库，在减缓全球气候变暖中具有独特的功能。林火干扰作为非连续的生态因子，是全球生物地球化学循环的驱动因子，可显著改变生态系统的结构和功能以及养分循环和能量传递，引起森林碳库和碳分配格局的变化，进而影响森林演替进程及固碳能力。本文阐述林火干扰对森林生态系统碳库影响的国内外研究方法进展，重点论述林火干扰导致的直接碳损失以及通过森林净初级生产力和土壤呼吸的改变间接影响森林碳循环和碳平衡；并分别阐明林火干扰对植被碳库、凋落物碳库和土壤有机碳库的影响，林火干扰通过直接改变植被覆盖度进而影响植被碳库和营养元素周转，最终影响植被的碳固定及碳从植被向土壤的转移，导致不同碳库之间的重新分配。通过探讨净初级生产力变化对林火干扰的响应，揭示林火干扰对植被碳库循环的间接且长期影响的机制；在林火干扰对生态系统凋落物碳库的影响方面，主要探讨林火干扰后凋落物生产量在不同林火强度和环境梯度下的变化；在林火干扰对土壤有机碳库的影响方面，通常在小尺度范围内影响土壤有机碳库垂直分布变化的主要原因可能是地形条件的变化，而在相对大的区域尺度下，气候、土壤质地、地形、植被及人类活动和管理水平及其交互作用均可影响土壤有机碳库的空间迁移和形态转化，从而导致不同区域范围的土壤有机碳库分异。在此基础上，指出目前研究存在的问题，并提出林火干扰对森林碳库影响的定量化研究路径：1)深入开展林火干扰对森林生态系统碳库循环的影响机制研究；2)加强"植被-土壤-水-微生物-气候"的系统研究；3)完善不同时空尺度下林火干扰对森林碳库周转过程的定量化研究；4)深入探讨林火干扰与森林生态系统碳元素的相互作用关系及影响机制。

关键词: 林火干扰, 森林生态系统, 植被碳库, 凋落物碳库, 土壤有机碳库

Abstract:

Forest ecosystem is an important carbon pool and plays an important role in mitigating climate warming. As a discontinuous ecological factor of forest,forest fire disturbance is the driving factor of biogeochemical cycle,which significantly changes the structure and function of the ecosystem,nutrient cycle and energy transfer,and causes the change of carbon pool and carbon distribution pattern in forest ecosystem,and in turn affects the process of forest succession and carbon sequestration capacity. This paper reviews the domestic and abroad research method on the impact of forest fire disturbance on forest carbon pool,and focuses on the direct and indirect effects of forest fire disturbance on forest carbon pool. The direct impact is mainly the direct carbon loss of forest ecosystem,while the indirect impact is mainly through forest ecosystem net primary productivity and soil respiration changes to affect the carbon cycle and carbon balance of forest ecosystems. The influence of forest fire disturbance on vegetation carbon pool,litter carbon pool and soil organic carbon pool are respectively clarified. The forest fire disturbance affects vegetation carbon pool and nutrient turnover by directly changing vegetation coverage,and ultimately affects vegetation fixation to carbon and the transfer of carbon from vegetation to soil leads to redistribution between different carbon pools. In terms of the effects of forest fire disturbance on the litter carbon pool of ecosystem,the main researches are mainly the change of litter production under different forest fire intensity and environmental gradient after forest fire disturbance. The influence of forest fire disturbance on soil organic carbon pool can be studied from small scale and large scale. Generally,in the small scale,the change of topographic conditions may be the main reason that affects the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon pool. At relatively large regional scales,the interactions of climate,soil texture,topography,vegetation,and human activities and management levels can affect the spatial migration and morphological transformation of soil organic carbon pools,which leads to the difference of soil organic carbon pools in different regions. On this basis,this paper points out the existing problems in the study. Finally,the quantitative research on the influence of forest fire disturbance on the carbon pool of forest ecosystem is put forward:1) Futher research on the effect mechanism of forest fire disturbance on the carbon pool circulation of forest ecosystem. 2) Strengthen the systematic study of "vegetation-soil-water-microbe-climate". 3) Improve the quantification of forest fires in the forest ecosystem by the forest fire disturbance at different time and space scales. 4) Futher discussion in-depth of the interaction between forest fire disturbance and carbon in forest ecosystems and its impact mechanism.

Key words: forest fire disturbance, forest ecosystem, vegetation carbon pool, litterfall carbon pool, soil organic carbon pool

中图分类号:

S762

胡海清,罗碧珍,罗斯生,魏书精,王振师,李小川,刘菲. 林火干扰对森林生态系统碳库的影响研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(4): 160-169.

Haiqing Hu,Bizhen Luo,Sisheng Luo,Shujing Wei,Zhenshi Wang,Xiaochuan Li,Fei Liu. Research Progress on Effects of Forest Fire Disturbance on Carbon Pool of Forest Ecosystem[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(4): 160-169.

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