秦岭火地塘林区森林生态系统对降水中重金属的作用

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20091110

林业科学 ›› 2009, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (11): 55-62.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20091110

秦岭火地塘林区森林生态系统对降水中重金属的作用

张胜利^1,2,3

1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院杨凌 712100； 2.陕西秦岭森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站杨凌 712100；3.农业部黄土高原农业资源与环境修复重点开放实验室杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2008-12-24 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2009-11-25 发布日期:2009-11-25
基金资助:

Effects of Forest Ecosystem on Heavy Metals in Water during the Rainfall-Runoff Processes in the Huoditang Forest Area of the Qinling Mountain Range

Zhang Shengli^1,2,3

1.College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100;2.Qinling National Forest Ecosystem Research Station Yangling 712100；3.Key Lab for Agricultural Resources and Environmental Remediation in Loess Plateau of Agriculture Ministry Yangling 712100

Received:2008-12-24 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2009-11-25 Published:2009-11-25
Supported by:

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在秦岭南坡中山地带天然林分布区选择火地沟流域，分别对流域内大气降水、林内雨、枯透水、壤中流、支沟溪流水和流域出口径流重金属Cd，Pb，Mn和Zn质量分数进行2年的测试，采用比较和变化机制分析的方法，就森林生态系统对降水中重金属的作用进行研究。结果表明：降水通过森林生态系统形成流域出口径流，Cd，Pb质量分数分别降低0.721和6.482 μg· kg^-1，Mn，Zn 分别降低0.012 8 和1.467 4 mg·kg^-1，降雨输入的Cd，Pb，Mn，Zn有90%以上被吸附固定；从降水到林内雨再到枯透水，Cd，Pb，Mn，Zn质量分数依次降低，壤中流Cd，Pb，Mn质量分数有不同程度上升，Zn则降低，溪流水Cd，Pb，Mn质量分数急剧降低，但Zn则上升，流域出口径流Cd，Pb，Mn，Zn质量分数均有不同程度上升；降雨径流过程中，林冠层对Cd，Pb质量分数的阻减量分别为0.697和6.194 μg·kg^-1，对Mn，Zn分别为0.008 9和1.476 3 mg·kg^-1，构成阻减重金属元素的关键层次，其次为枯枝落叶层。

关键词: 森林生态系统, 降雨径流, 重金属, 作用

Abstract:

This study was conducted in a small watershed of Huodigou, which is a part of natural forest region located at a medium altitude on the south-facing slopes of the Qinling Mountains. Water samples were collected from rainfall, throughfall, litter drainage, subsurface flow, stream water in the tributaries within the watershed, and flow water at the watershed outlet for two years. The samples were analyzed for Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn mass fractions. The effects of different components of the forest ecosystem in the watershed on heavy metals in water during the rainfall-runoff process were studied with comparisons and mechanistic analyses. The results showed that Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn mass fraction decreased by 0.721 μg·kg^-1, 6.482 μg·kg^-1, 0.012 8 mg·kg^-1 and 1.467 4 mg·kg^-1, respectively, and input of Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn through rainfalls was immobilized over 90% by the forest ecosystem. Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn mass fractions decreased stepwise with the rainfalls through out the canopy and the litter. In subsurface flow, Cd, Pb and Mn mass fractions increased while Zn mass fraction decreased. In tributary stream water, Cd, Pb and Mn mass fraction decreased sharply but Zn increased. In flow water at the watershed outlet, Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn mass fraction increased in varying extent. The canopy reduced Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn mass fraction by 0.697 μg·kg^-1, 6.194 μg·kg^-1, 0.008 9 mg·kg^-1 and 1.476 3 mg·kg^-1, respectively, and therefore was a crucially important layer of the forest ecosystem for reducing the heavy metals in water during the rainfall-runoff processes, followed by the litter layer.

Key words: forest ecosystem, rainfall-runoff process, heavy metal, effect

中图分类号:

张胜利;. 秦岭火地塘林区森林生态系统对降水中重金属的作用[J]. 林业科学, 2009, 12(11): 55-62.

Zhang Shengli;. Effects of Forest Ecosystem on Heavy Metals in Water during the Rainfall-Runoff Processes in the Huoditang Forest Area of the Qinling Mountain Range[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2009, 12(11): 55-62.

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秦岭火地塘林区森林生态系统对降水中重金属的作用

Effects of Forest Ecosystem on Heavy Metals in Water during the Rainfall-Runoff Processes in the Huoditang Forest Area of the Qinling Mountain Range

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