欢迎访问林业科学,今天是

林业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (11): 52-59.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20171106

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

云贵川主产区核桃中重金属污染水平及其风险评估

李世亮, 倪张林, 莫润宏, 屈明华, 汤富彬, 刘毅华   

  1. 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 杭州 311400
  • 收稿日期:2016-09-12 修回日期:2017-02-15 出版日期:2017-11-25 发布日期:2017-12-13
  • 基金资助:
    中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2017QC002);国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201304705)。

The Contents and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Walnuts from the Main Producing Areas of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan Provinces

Li Shiliang, Ni Zhanglin, Mo Runhong, Qu Minghua, Tang Fubin, Liu Yihua   

  1. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Hangzhou 311400
  • Received:2016-09-12 Revised:2017-02-15 Online:2017-11-25 Published:2017-12-13

摘要: [目的]研究云南、贵州和四川主产区核桃的重金属污染状况,评价食用核桃摄入重金属的人体健康风险,为云贵川核桃绿色食品生产和健康消费提供科学依据。[方法]在云贵川核桃主产区采集204批次核桃样品,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GF-AAS)和原子荧光光谱法(AFS)对样品中Pb、Cd和As进行测定,应用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法进行核桃重金属污染水平评价,并结合中国居民核桃的消费量和体质量信息,采用美国环保局(USEPA)的健康风险模型对核桃中As、Pb和Cd的膳食风险和致癌风险进行评估。[结果]云贵川核桃样品中重金属As、Pb和Cd的检出范围分别为ND~0.064 mg·kg-1,ND~0.095 mg·kg-1,ND~0.017 mg·kg-1,3种重金属的平均含量均低于标准LY/T1777-2008《森林食品质量安全通则》的限量值(ML,0.2、0.2、0.1 mg·kg-1),说明3个省份核桃中As、Pb和Cd的污染状况总体较轻。研究区域核桃样品中重金属的单因子污染指数总体Pb > As > Cd,而云南省核桃样品中As的单因子污染指数最高,四川省Pb的单因子污染指数最高,分别达到0.15和0.17。内梅罗综合污染指数表明,3个省份核桃样品重金属污染排序为四川省 > 云南省 > 贵州省,但其综合污染指数都小于0.15,远小于警戒值1。[结论]云贵川主产区核桃样品中Pb和As是主要的重金属污染物,对人体健康的风险Pb > As > Cd;儿童因摄食核桃导致的重金属潜在健康风险约是成人健康风险的25倍;但无论儿童还是成人,重金属的膳食风险和致癌风险值均低于风险阈值,风险尚在可接受水平内。

关键词: 核桃, 重金属, 健康风险评价, 食品安全

Abstract: [Objective] The contamination of heavy metals in walnuts (Juglans regia) from the main producing areas of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces was investigated. Based on the data,the human health risks of heavy metals intake from the walnut consumption were evaluated, in order to provide scientific basis for walnut production and consumer healthy consumption.[Method] A total of 204 batch walnut samples were collected from the main producing areas of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces.The contents of Pb, Cd and As in the samples were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). Then the single factor pollution index and Nemerow multi-factor index were used to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in walnuts. In addition, combined with the Chinese resident's consumption for walnut and their weight information,the dietary risk and carcinogenic risk of As, Pb and Cd in walnuts were evaluated by a health risk model from the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).[Result] The result showed that the concentrations of As, Pb and Cd in the tested samples were ND-0.064 mg·kg-1, ND-0.095 mg·kg-1 and ND-0.017 mg·kg-1, respectively. The average contents of the three heavy metals in the tested walnuts did not exceed the limits of the standard LY/T 1777-2008 "Forest food-General rule for quality safety", which indicated that the pollution status of As, Pb and Cd in walnuts from the three provinces was generally lighter. In addition, the single factor pollution index of heavy metals in the walnut samples was Pb > As > Cd. The order for heavy metal pollution of walnut samples in the three provinces according to the Nemerow multi-factor index was Sichuan Province > Yunnan Province > Guizhou Province, all the comprehensive pollution index were less than 0.15, which was far less than the warning value of 1.[Conclusion] Pb and As were the major heavy metal contaminants in the walnut samples of the three provinces, and the risk for human health was Pb > As > Cd.The potential health risk through walnut consumption for children was 25 times higher than that of for adults. However, the dietary risk and carcinogenic risk were lower than the risk threshold for children and adults, and the risks were still within acceptable level.

Key words: walnuts, heavy mental, health risk assessment, food safety

中图分类号: