山核桃中心产区林地土壤肥力的时空变化特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160701

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 研究山核桃产区林地土壤肥力质量的时空演变规律及影响因素，为山核桃林地的土壤管理提供决策依据。[方法] 基于地统计学方法和GIS技术，采用系统抽样法，在浙江省临安市对比研究2008年（317个样本）和2013年（239个样本）山核桃林地表层（0～30 cm）土壤的pH值、有机碳含量、水解性氮含量、有效磷含量和速效钾含量共5个肥力指标的时空变异特征及影响因素。[结果] 2008-2013年，山核桃林地土壤水解性氮和速效钾含量显著降低，分别下降19.4和55.6 mg·kg^-1，pH值从5.5下降到5.3，有机碳含量下降0.2 g·kg^-1，有效磷含量升高0.5 mg·kg^-1；5个土壤肥力质量指标的标准差变小，变异程度降低；土壤pH值、水解性氮和有效磷含量的空间自相关性减弱，自相关距离减小，而有机碳和速效钾含量的空间分布连续性增强，自相关距离增加；海拔、母岩类型、不同乡镇的人为经营对土壤pH值、水解性氮含量和速效钾含量影响显著（P<0.1），海拔和人为经营显著影响着土壤有机碳含量（P<0.1），土壤有效磷含量受人为经营的影响显著（P<0.1）；岛石镇土壤有机碳、水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量降幅最大，pH值则以清凉峰镇和岛石镇降低最多。[结论] 2008-2013年，临安市山核桃林地的土壤肥力水平总体有所下降；今后在山核桃林生产经营中需推广测土配方施肥，并通过施用一定量的石灰、林地生草管理和生态化采收等经营管理技术，提高山核桃林地的土壤肥力。

关键词: 山核桃, 土壤pH值, 土壤有机碳, 土壤水解性氮, 土壤有效磷, 土壤速效钾, 时空变异

Abstract: [Objective] Chinese walnut (Carya cathayensis) is a nut and oil tree species endemic to China. It is important to study the spatial-temporal variation of soil fertility for soil management of Chinese walnut plantations.[Method] Soil samples were collected (317 in 2008, and 239 in 2013, respectively) from Chinese walnut plantations in Lin'an, Zhejiang Province. Spatial-temporal variation of soil pH value, organic carbon, hydrolytic N, available P, and K were investigated by using techniques of geostatistics and GIS.[Result] From 2008 to 2013, the average contents of hydrolytic N and available K in the soils significantly decreased by 19.4 and 55.6 mg·kg^-1 respectively. The average pH values decreased from 5.5 to 5.3, and the average organic carbon contents decreased by 0.2 g·kg^-1. However, the content of available P increased by 0.5 mg·kg^-1. Standard deviations of the 5 soil variables were small, indicating a weak variation of the data. From 2008 to 2013, the spatial autocorrelations of pH, hydrolytic N and available P were weaker, and auto-correlation distances were shorter. But the continuity of spatial distribution of organic carbon and available K was obvious and their corresponding auto-correlation distances increased; Elevations, parent rocks and managements in different townships significantly affected soil pH values and contents of both hydrolytic N and available K (P<0.1). Different elevations and management in different townships also had a significant impact on organic carbon (P<0.1), but only management in different townships had a significant impact on available P(P<0.1). The content of soil organic carbon, hydrolytic N, available P and K largely decreased in Daoshi, while soil pH value decreased in Qingliangfeng and Daoshi towns.[Conclusion] From 2008 to 2013, the overall soil fertility of Chinese walnut plantations in Lin'an declined. We suggest extend a soil test-based fertilizer application in the process of production and management of Chinese walnut, and to increase soil fertility by liming, growing grasses on the top soil and ecologically friendly fruit harvesting.

Key words: Chinese walnut (Carya cathayensis), soil pH value, soil organic carbon, soil hydrolytic N, soil available P, soil available K, spatial-temporal variation

中图分类号:

S714.8

沈一凡, 钱进芳, 郑小平, 袁紫倩, 黄坚钦, 温国胜, 吴家森. 山核桃中心产区林地土壤肥力的时空变化特征[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(7): 1-12.

Shen Yifan, Qian Jinfang, Zheng Xiaoping, Yuan Ziqian, Huang Jianqin, Wen Guosheng, Wu Jiasen. Spatial-Temporal Variation of Soil Fertility in Chinese Walnut (Carya cathayensis) Plantation[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(7): 1-12.

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