云贵川主产区核桃中重金属污染水平及其风险评估

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20171106

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]研究云南、贵州和四川主产区核桃的重金属污染状况，评价食用核桃摄入重金属的人体健康风险，为云贵川核桃绿色食品生产和健康消费提供科学依据。[方法]在云贵川核桃主产区采集204批次核桃样品，采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GF-AAS）和原子荧光光谱法（AFS）对样品中Pb、Cd和As进行测定，应用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法进行核桃重金属污染水平评价，并结合中国居民核桃的消费量和体质量信息，采用美国环保局（USEPA）的健康风险模型对核桃中As、Pb和Cd的膳食风险和致癌风险进行评估。[结果]云贵川核桃样品中重金属As、Pb和Cd的检出范围分别为ND~0.064 mg·kg^-1，ND~0.095 mg·kg^-1，ND~0.017 mg·kg^-1，3种重金属的平均含量均低于标准LY/T1777-2008《森林食品质量安全通则》的限量值（ML，0.2、0.2、0.1 mg·kg^-1），说明3个省份核桃中As、Pb和Cd的污染状况总体较轻。研究区域核桃样品中重金属的单因子污染指数总体Pb > As > Cd，而云南省核桃样品中As的单因子污染指数最高，四川省Pb的单因子污染指数最高，分别达到0.15和0.17。内梅罗综合污染指数表明，3个省份核桃样品重金属污染排序为四川省 > 云南省 > 贵州省，但其综合污染指数都小于0.15，远小于警戒值1。[结论]云贵川主产区核桃样品中Pb和As是主要的重金属污染物，对人体健康的风险Pb > As > Cd；儿童因摄食核桃导致的重金属潜在健康风险约是成人健康风险的25倍；但无论儿童还是成人，重金属的膳食风险和致癌风险值均低于风险阈值，风险尚在可接受水平内。

关键词: 核桃, 重金属, 健康风险评价, 食品安全

Abstract: [Objective] The contamination of heavy metals in walnuts (Juglans regia) from the main producing areas of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces was investigated. Based on the data,the human health risks of heavy metals intake from the walnut consumption were evaluated, in order to provide scientific basis for walnut production and consumer healthy consumption.[Method] A total of 204 batch walnut samples were collected from the main producing areas of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces.The contents of Pb, Cd and As in the samples were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). Then the single factor pollution index and Nemerow multi-factor index were used to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in walnuts. In addition, combined with the Chinese resident's consumption for walnut and their weight information,the dietary risk and carcinogenic risk of As, Pb and Cd in walnuts were evaluated by a health risk model from the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).[Result] The result showed that the concentrations of As, Pb and Cd in the tested samples were ND-0.064 mg·kg^-1, ND-0.095 mg·kg^-1 and ND-0.017 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The average contents of the three heavy metals in the tested walnuts did not exceed the limits of the standard LY/T 1777-2008 "Forest food-General rule for quality safety", which indicated that the pollution status of As, Pb and Cd in walnuts from the three provinces was generally lighter. In addition, the single factor pollution index of heavy metals in the walnut samples was Pb > As > Cd. The order for heavy metal pollution of walnut samples in the three provinces according to the Nemerow multi-factor index was Sichuan Province > Yunnan Province > Guizhou Province, all the comprehensive pollution index were less than 0.15, which was far less than the warning value of 1.[Conclusion] Pb and As were the major heavy metal contaminants in the walnut samples of the three provinces, and the risk for human health was Pb > As > Cd.The potential health risk through walnut consumption for children was 25 times higher than that of for adults. However, the dietary risk and carcinogenic risk were lower than the risk threshold for children and adults, and the risks were still within acceptable level.

Key words: walnuts, heavy mental, health risk assessment, food safety

中图分类号:

S718.43

李世亮, 倪张林, 莫润宏, 屈明华, 汤富彬, 刘毅华. 云贵川主产区核桃中重金属污染水平及其风险评估[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(11): 52-59.

Li Shiliang, Ni Zhanglin, Mo Runhong, Qu Minghua, Tang Fubin, Liu Yihua. The Contents and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Walnuts from the Main Producing Areas of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan Provinces[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(11): 52-59.

参考文献

白瑞亮,白瑞娟,相珊珊,等. 2014. 山东省主产区板栗重金属含量分析. 山东林业科技, 44(5):16-18.
(Bai R L, Bai R J, Xiang S S,et al. 2014. Analysis of heavy metals of chestnut from the main producing areas in Shandong Province. Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology, 44(5):16-18.[in Chinese])
付卓锐,罗雅川,黄伊嘉,等. 2016. 攀西核桃中Cd累积特性及其残留量检测与风险评估. 四川林业科技, 37(3):31-38.
(Fu Z R, Luo Y C, Huang Y J,et al. 2016. Accumulation characteristics of cadmium in the walnut in Panzhihua-Xichang regions and its residue detection and risk assessment.Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 37(3):31-38.[in Chinese])
付卓锐,郑窕,吴斌,等. 2015. 四川区域内食用林产品质量安全因子风险分析研究. 四川林业科技, 36(6):62-68.
(Fu Z R, Zheng Y, Wu B, et al. 2015. Research on the risk analysis of edible forest product quality safety factors in Sichuan areas.Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 36(6):62-68/[in Chinese])
何璐君. 2016. 贵州省威宁县核桃基地土壤重金属元素含量及污染评价. 耕作与栽培, (3):24-26.
(He L J. 2016. Monitoring and evaluation of heavy metals in soil of walnut production field. Tillage and Cultivation, (3):24-26[in Chinese])
黄勇,陈恩科,安永龙,等. 2015. 北京怀柔板栗种植区地质背景研究. 城市地质, 10(4):16-20.
(Huang Y, Chen E K, An Y L,et al. 2015. Geological background of Beijing Huairou chestnut cultivation area.Urban Geoloay, 10(4):16-20.[in Chinese])
蒋步云.2015.浙江省四种干果产品重金属含量研究.临安:浙江农林大学硕士学位论文.
(Jiang B Y. 2015. Four kinds of heavy metal content in dried fruit products in Zhejiang Province. Lin'an:MS thesis of Zhejiang A & F University.[in Chinese])
蒋颖,司马菁珂,赵玲,等. 2016. 上海市居民区与工业区大气颗粒物重金属生物可给性与健康风险评估. 环境化学, 35(7):1337-1345.
(Jiang Y, Sima J K, Zhao L,et al. 2016. Bioaccessibility and health risk of heavy metals in particulate matters from residential and industrial areas in Shanghai, China. Environmental Chemistry, 35(7):1337-1345.[in Chinese])
金水高. 2008. 中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之十——2002 营养与健康状况数据集. 北京:人民卫生出版社.
(Jin S G. 2008. Chinese national nutrition and health survey report (Volume No.10)-Dataset of nutrition and health in 2002. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House.[in Chinese])
李萍,薛粟尹,王胜利,等. 2014. 兰州市大气降尘重金属污染评价及健康风险评价. 环境科学, 35(3):1021-1028.
(Li P, Xue S Y, Wang S L,et al. 2014. Pollution evaluation and health risk assessment of heavy metals from atmospheric deposition in Lanzhou. Environmental Science, 35(3):1021-1028.[in Chinese])
李月文. 2005. 核桃资源的综合加工与利用. 四川林业科技, 26(2):76-79.
(Li Y W. 2005. Comprehensive processing and utilization of walnut resources. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 26(2):76-79[in Chinese])
潘学军,张文娥,张政,等. 2011. 黔西北高原核桃品质分析及安全性评价. 西南农业学报, 24(2):823-825.
(Pan X J, Zhang W E, Zhang Z, et al. 2011. Quality analysis and safety evaluation of Juglans sigillata in Northwest Guizhou Plateau. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(2):823-825[in Chinese])
涂杰峰,刘兰英,罗钦,等. 2015. 福建省稻米镉含量及其健康风险. 农业环境科学学报, 34(4):695-701.
(Tu J F, Liu L Y, Luo Q,et al. 2015. Contents and health risk assessment of cadmium in milled rice in Fujian Province.Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 34(4):695-701.[in Chinese])
王北洪,刘静,姚真真,等. 2016. 栽培食用菌重金属含量的测定及健康风险评价. 食品安全质量检测学报, 7(2):490-496.
(Wang B H, Liu J, Yao Z Z,et al. 2016. Determination and health risk evaluation of heavy metals in cultivated edible mushrooms. Journal of Food Safety and Quality, 7(2):490-496.[in Chinese])
王文正,郑廷彰,刘东,等. 2012. 巴基斯坦进口干果重金属含量的测定与评价. 新疆农垦科技, (4):50-52.
(Wang W Z, Zheng T Z, Liu D,et al. 2012. Measurement and evaluation of heavy metal content of dried fruit from Pakistan. Xinjiang Farmland Reclamation Science & Technology, (4):50-52.[in Chinese])
王宗爽,段小丽,刘平,等. 2009. 环境健康风险评价中我国居民暴露参数探讨.环境科学研究, 22(10):1164-1170.
(Wang Z S, Duan X L, Liu P, et al. 2009. Human exposure factors of Chinese people in environmental health risk assessment.Research of Environmental Sciences, 22(10):1164-1170.[in Chinese])
吴燕明,吕高明,周航,等. 2014. 湘南某矿区蔬菜中Pb、Cd污染状况及健康风险评估. 生态学报, 34(8):2146-2154.
(Wu Y M, Lü G M, Zhou H,et al. 2014. Contamination status of Pb and Cd and health risk assessment on vegetables in a mining area in southern Hunan. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34(8):2146-2154.[in Chinese])
熊艳森,张春芳,胡云杰,等. 2013. 2013年江西省5类食品中铅、镉监测结果分析. 中国卫生检验杂志, 24(15):2242-2247.
(Xiong Y S, Zhang C F, Hu Y J,et al. 2013. Analysis of monitoring results of lead and cadmium in 5 kinds of food in Jiangxi Province in 2013. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 24(15):2242-2247.[in Chinese])
杨刚,李燕,巫林,等. 2014. 成都平原表层水稻土重金属污染健康风险分析. 环境化学, 33(2):269-275.
(Yang G, Li Y, Wu L,et al. 2014. Concentration and health risk of heavy metals in top soil of paddy field of Chengdu plain. Environmental Chemistry, 33(2):269-275.[in Chinese])
张利锋,张欣烨,张洁,等. 2015. 郑州市售坚果中有害元素含量的分析. 中国卫生检验杂志, 25(20):3556-3558.
(Zhang L F, Zhang X Y, Zhang J,et al. 2015. Analysis of harmful elements content in market-sale nuts from Zhengzhou. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 25(20):3556-3558.[in Chinese])
周娜,白艳艳,陈丽惠,等. 2014. 厦门市售坚果中重金属元素和黄曲霉毒素含量的测定及质量安全评价. 中国卫生检验杂志, 24(15):2252-2254.
(Zhou N, Bai Y Y, Chen L H,et al. 2014. Quality safety assessment of roasted seeds and nuts in Xiamen. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 24(15):2252-2254.[in Chinese])
Bogdanovi Dc' T, Ujevi Dc' I, Sedak M, et al. 2014. As, Cd, Hg and Pb in four edible shellfish species from breeding and harvesting areas along the eastern Adriatic Coast, Croatia. Food Chemistry, 146:197-203.
Kafao Dg' lu B, Fisher A, Hill S,et al. 2014. Chemometric evaluation of trace metal concentrations in some nuts and seeds. Food Additives & Contaminants:Part A, 31(9):1529-1538.
Liu Y H, Shen D Y, Li S L, et al. 2016. Residue levels and risk assessment of pesticides in nuts of China. Chemosphere, 144:645-651.
Moreda-Piñeiro J, Herbello-Hermelo P, Domínguez-González R,et al. 2016. Bioavailability assessment of essential and toxic metals in edible nuts and seeds. Food Chemistry, 205:146-154.
Muller A L H, Muller C C, Lyra F,et al. 2015. Determination of toxic elements in nuts by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave-induced combustion. Food Analytical Methods, 6(1):258-264.
Nawab J, Li G, Khan S,et al. 2016. Health risk assessment from contaminated foodstuffs:a field study in chromite mining-affected areas northern Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(12):12227-12236.
Rodushkin I, Engström E, Sörlin D,et al. 2008. Levels of inorganic constituents in raw nuts and seeds on the Swedish market. Science of the Total Environment, 392(2):290-304.
Yin L L, Qing T, Shao X Z,et al. 2015. Determination of trace elements in edible nuts in the Beijing market by ICP-MS. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 28(6):449-454.

[1]	周乃富, 宋晓波, 张俊佩, 常英英, 裴东. 核桃芽接愈合的组织学机制[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(6): 37-43.
[2]	张佳琦, 胡恒康, 徐川梅, 胡渊渊, 黄有军, 夏国华, 黄坚钦, 常英英, 叶磊, 娄和强, 张启香. 核桃JrGA2ox基因的克隆、亚细胞定位及功能验证[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(2): 50-60.
[3]	黄仁, 张韵, 张启香, 王正加, 夏国华, 黄坚钦, 胡渊渊. 异源授粉山核桃果皮光合能力差异的转录组分析[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(1): 128-137.
[4]	卞方圆, 钟哲科, 张小平, 杨传宝, 苏文会. 毛竹和伴矿景天对重金属污染土壤的修复作用和对微生物群落的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(8): 106-116.
[5]	曾楚楚, 娄钧翼, 郭明, 王冰璇, 卢闻君. 防治核桃干腐病的新型纳米生物基农药缓释胶囊制备及缓释性能[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(5): 87-100.
[6]	包文泉, 乌云塔娜, 杜红岩, 李铁柱, 刘慧敏, 王淋, 白玉娥. 基于SSR标记的西藏光核桃群体遗传多样性和遗传结构分析[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(2): 30-41.
[7]	崔振, 李昌晓, 贺燕燕, 李晓雪, 任庆水. 中华金叶榆和银水牛果苗木的生长和光合作用对土壤锌污染的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(9): 114-122.
[8]	刘少文, 焦如珍, 董玉红, 刘彩霞. 土壤重金属污染的生物修复研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(5): 146-155.
[9]	徐川梅, 黄坚钦, 王正加, 夏国华, 张启香, 黄有军, 张守攻. 山核桃花粉母细胞减数分裂及核型[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(11): 77-84.
[10]	刘少文, 焦如珍, 董玉红, 刘彩霞, 孙岩. 绿色木霉和草酸青霉对Hg²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺和Pb²⁺的耐性和吸附特征[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(10): 100-108.
[11]	陈丹丹, 李天凤, 王琦琦, 唐光辉. 核桃举肢蛾成虫触角的超微结构观察[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(10): 118-132.
[12]	徐沁怡, 王标, 赵建文, 吴建峰, 曹亦润, 杨先有, 夏国华, 王正加, 黄坚钦, 胡渊渊. 2种花粉授粉山核桃果皮光合特性的差异比较[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(1): 38-46.
[13]	沈一凡, 钱进芳, 郑小平, 袁紫倩, 黄坚钦, 温国胜, 吴家森. 山核桃中心产区林地土壤肥力的时空变化特征[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(7): 1-12.
[14]	王娇莉, 南小宁, 任争争, 明洁, 唐光辉. 核桃举肢蛾和桃蛀螟幼虫肠道细菌多样性的PCR-DGGE和T-RFLP分析[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(6): 76-85.
[15]	张俊佩, 王滋, 周贤武, 赵荣军, 徐慧鸽, 贾志明, 裴东. 不同品系美国黑核桃木材物理力学性质的差异[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(6): 108-114.