小径木双面刨切单板的材积计算与效益分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20161117

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 提出双面刨切工艺、下刀优化以及合理选材的措施，以期解决传统方法制备单板效率低下、出材率低并且容易出现缺陷的问题。[方法] 提出采用小径木双面刨切加工工艺来提高出材率及生产效率的方法（双面刨切是指从小径木两侧同时进行纵向刨切，直到剩余厚度为20 mm的固定芯板时结束刨切，然后将多次加工后剩余的中间固定芯板再次进行刨切的工艺）；通过对理想小径木进行数学建模、实际计算，分别给出刨切单板的短径、长径2个方向的具体材积计算公式，以此作为合理下刀的理论基础；对小径木截面进行数学建模，给出出材率的具体计算公式，并对将要进行刨切的小径木进行实际参数测量，根据所得公式分别计算其出材率。[结果] 通过小径木出材率的实际分析计算得出，随着小径木长短径尺寸的增大（所讨论对象是无节子、径向无弯曲度的理想小径木），刨切出材率逐步增加，所以双面刨切单板时选择尺寸较大的小径木，可以在一定程度上提高小径木出材率。[结论] 制备单板时，采用双面刨切单板工艺，不仅可以节省时间，而且可以减少人力，大大提高加工效率及出材率；将本研究得到的小径木数学模型、长短径方向材积计算公式及出材率公式作为基础，可以进行合理的选材、下刀以及刨切，减少木材资源的浪费，提高经济效益。

关键词: 双面刨切, 单板, 材积, 出材率, 效益

Abstract: [Objective] This paper proposed three measures: slicing double-sided, cutting feed optimization and reasonable selection, in order to solve the inefficiency, low-productivity, more deficiency and other problems of traditional methods for producing veneer.[Method] Firstly, this study proposed to improve volume ratio and production efficiency by the use of sided-slicing processing for small-diameter wood (sides-slicing refers to the continuous longitudinal chipping on both sides of small-diameter wood, it would not stop until 20 mm thickness was remained for a fixed core slice; then slicing the fixed core that remained after multiple processing). Secondly,we gave detailed formulas for both short and long trail direction of sliced veneer volume by conducting mathematical modeling and practical calculating on the ideal small-diameter wood, by which the theoretical basis for reasonable cutting feed was founded. Finally, this paper conducted mathematical modeling on the cross-section of small-diameter wood, and gave the corresponding volume ratio formulas,the actual parameters of the small-diameter wood were measured, and the volume ratio was calculated according to the formula.[Result] By the actual analysis of the small-diameter wood's volume ratio, the conclusion came that the increase of the size of small-diameter wood (The object is ideal small-diameter that has no knots, no radial bending), the sliced veneer volume was gradually increased, the larger size small-diameter wood should be chosen when slicing veneer, so that the volume ratio of small-diameter wood could be improved to a certain degree.[Conclusion] When the veneer is prepared, the sides slicing technology can not only save time, but also reduce manpower, as a result,greatly improve the processing efficiency and volume ratio. On the basis of mathematical modeling for small-diameter wood, sliced veneer volume formula in short and long trail direction and the volume ratio formula, the waste of timber resources could be decreased and the economic efficiency would be improved by reasonable selecting, cutting feed and slicing the wood.

Key words: sides slicing, veneer, volume, volume ratio, profit

中图分类号:

TS652

马岩, 许洪刚, 杨春梅, 许世祥. 小径木双面刨切单板的材积计算与效益分析[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(11): 142-147.

Ma Yan, Xu Honggang, Yang Chunmei, Xu Shixiang. Volume Calculation Method and Benefit Analysis of Small-Diameter Wood Sided Sliced Veneer[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(11): 142-147.

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