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林业科学 ›› 2003, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 94-99.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20030616

• 论文及研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国大兴安岭呼中林区雷击火发生火环境研究

舒立福1 王明玉2 田晓瑞5 李忠琦3 肖永军4   

  1. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091;黑龙江大兴安岭地区气象局,加格达奇165000;内蒙古大杨树林业局红花尔基林场,大杨树022456
  • 收稿日期:2002-11-13 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2003-11-25 发布日期:2003-11-25

THE FIRE ENVIRONMENT MECHANISM OF LIGHTNING FIRE FORMED FOR DAXING′AN MOUNTAINS

Shu Lifu1,Wang Mingyu2,Tian Xiaorui5,Li Zhongqi3,Xiao Yongjun4   

  1. Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Enviroment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing100091;Daxing′an Mountains Weather Bureau of Heilongjiang Province Jiagedaqi165000;Honghua'erji Forest Center of Inner Mongolia Dayangshu Forest Bureau Dayangshu022456
  • Received:2002-11-13 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2003-11-25 Published:2003-11-25

摘要:

雷击火作为天然火源是一种难以控制的自然现象,其形成机理极为复杂。我国大兴安岭林区是雷击火主要发生区,对雷击火的研究表明特殊可燃物、干雷暴的天气和较高的地形构成了雷击火发生的火环境。长期干旱,可燃物失水严重,森林中积累丰富的可燃物,雷暴发生后干燥的植被容易引火燃烧,起火之后,遇上盛行的大风将使火灾迅速蔓延。雷暴,特别是干雷暴出现时,遇到降水少、地面温度增加,相对湿度降低,可燃物干燥的情况,就很容易引起火灾。森林火灾多发地区,雷击火常常也多。大兴安岭纬度越高,雷击火越多,51°N以北海拔800m以上山脉的腹部或山顶的落叶松-偃松林、樟子松-偃松林林区为该林区雷击火发生最集中区域。一次干雷暴天气过程,可以同时引起多起雷击火,它们之间的距离最远可达150km。雷击火多发生在6—8月,雷击火的发生时段主要集中在下午的14时到17时。雷电作为一个随机干扰因子引发森林火灾,使得雷击火的预防与扑救变得更加困难。

关键词: 森林可燃物, 火源, 干雷暴, 雷击火, 天气

Abstract:

As one type of natural fires, lightning fire was very complex and difficult to control. Lightning fire connected with lights very closely. When lightning happened, especially dry-lightning, which brought little precipitation, surface temperature growing and fuel drying, these led to fires easily. The more forest fires occurred, the more lightning fires did. Lightning fires had Characters of geography, time and topography. Since lightning is random, it was very difficult to prevent and put out forest fire. It was necessary to improve methods of lightning fires forecasting, monitoring and extinguishing.

Key words: Forest Fuel, Fire resource, Dry storm, Lightning fire, Weather