水氮耦合对白杨良种‘秦白杨3号’生长的影响及机制分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250606

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 系统探究大田条件下白杨良种‘秦白杨3号’响应水氮耦合处理的生长表现、生理特性及分子机制，解决西北地区白杨人工林培育中水肥管理粗放、单位面积产量偏低等问题，为白杨高效培育提供理论依据与实践支撑。方法: 以2年生长势基本一致的‘秦白杨3号’为试验材料，采用双因素完全随机区组设计，设置灌水[6、7、8月上旬各灌溉1次（W3）；6、7月上旬各灌溉1次（W2）；6月上旬灌溉1次（W1）；生长季不灌溉作为对照（W0）]与施氮[全年生长期施肥3次（F3）、施肥2次（F2）、施肥1次（F1）以及不施肥对照（F0）]各4个水平。灌水采用沟灌至田间持水量100%；氮肥于灌水前穴施（单次每株250 g），连续处理2年，于生长季末期测定生长指标。结果: 水氮耦合能够显著促进林木生长。胸径增量在W3F2处理下最高，树高生长在W2F3处理下最优，材积累积则在W3F2处理下最大；综合各生长指标及光合表现，W3F2为最优处理组合。灌溉与施氮均显著促进次生木质部发育、增大导管面积和纤维长度，且耦合效应优于单因子处理。与对照（W0F0）相比，水氮优化处理（W3F2）显著上调了韧皮部与初生木质部中木质素、纤维素合成关键基因（如PaPAL2、PaCesA4、PaCesA7A等）的表达，表明水氮协同可通过促进细胞壁合成代谢驱动木材形成。结论: W3F2处理（生长季灌水3次、年施氮2次）在促进胸径生长与材积累积方面表现最为突出，该方案通过提升光合能力、优化导管结构并驱动细胞壁合成基因表达，可有效协调林木生长和木材形成。

关键词: ‘秦白杨3号’, 水氮耦合, 生长指标, 光合特性, 维管组织

Abstract:

Objective: This study systematically investigated the growth performance, physiological characteristics, and molecular mechanisms of Populus × tomentosa ‘Qinbaiyang 3’, an elite variety, in response to water-nitrogen coupling treatments under field conditions. The purpose of this study is to address the issues of extensive water and fertilizer management and low yield per unit area in poplar plantation cultivation in northwest China, thereby providing theoretical basis and practical support for efficient poplar cultivation. Method: Two-year-old P. × tomentosa ‘Qinbaiyang 3’ seedlings with generally consistent growth vigor were used as experimental materials. A two-factor completely randomized block design was adopted, with four irrigation levels and four nitrogen application levels. Irrigation treatments: during the growing season, irrigation 3 times, with once in early June, July, and August (W3); irrigation twice, with once in early June and early July (W2); irrigation once in early June (W1); and no irrigation served as control (W0). Nitrogen treatments: fertilization three times (F3), twice (F2), once (F1) during the growing season, and no fertilization as control (F0). Furrow irrigation was applied to reach 100% field water capacity. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in holes before irrigation (single dose: 250 g per plant). Treatments were continuously applied for two years, and growth indicators were measured at the end of the growing season. Result: Water-nitrogen coupling significantly promoted tree growth. The increment of diameter at breast height (DBH) was greatest observed under the W3F2 treatment, the tree height growth was greatest under W2F3 treatment, and the volume accumulation was also greatest under W3F2 treatment. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of growth indicators and photosynthetic performance, W3F2 was identified as the optimal treatment combination. Both irrigation and nitrogen fertilization significantly promoted secondary xylem development, and increased vessel area and fiber length, and their coupling effect was superior to that of single-factor treatments. Compared with the drought control (W0F0), the optimized water-nitrogen treatment (W3F2) significantly upregulated the expression of key genes involved in lignin and cellulose synthesis in the phloem and primary xylem, such as PaPAL2, PaCesA4, and PaCesA7A, indicating that water-nitrogen synergy promotes wood formation by enhancing cell wall anabolic metabolism. Conclusion: The W3F2 treatment (irrigation three times during the growing season and nitrogen applications twice per year) shows the most outstanding performance in promoting DBH growth and volume accumulation. This regime effectively coordinates tree growth and wood formation by enhancing photosynthetic capacity, optimizing vessel structure, and driving the expression of cell wall synthesis genes.

Key words: Populus × tomentosa ‘Qinbaiyang 3’, water-nitrogen coupling, growth indicators, photosynthetic characteristics, vascular tissue

中图分类号:

S792.11

李华语,张安娜,韩宗亮,樊军锋,张胜. 水氮耦合对白杨良种‘秦白杨3号’生长的影响及机制分析[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(6): 118-131.

Huayu Li,Anna Zhang,Zongliang Han,Junfeng Fan,Sheng Zhang. Effects of Water-Nitrogen Coupling on the Growth of Populus × tomentosa ‘Qinbaiyang 3’, an Elite Variety, and the Mechanism Analysis[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(6): 118-131.

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处理 Treatment	施肥量 Nitrogen level/g	灌水次数 Irrigation	处理 Treatment	施肥量 Nitrogen level/g	灌水次数 Irrigation
W0F0	0	0	W0F2	500	0
W1F0	0	1	W1F2	500	1
W2F0	0	2	W2F2	500	2
W3F0	0	3	W3F2	500	3
W0F1	250	0	W0F3	750	0
W1F1	250	1	W1F3	750	1
W2F1	250	2	W2F3	750	2
W3F1	250	3	W3F3	750	3

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列（5’→3’） Primer sequence（5’→3’）
PaCesA4-F	GAGTTAAGGAAGATGGAGAGGTGT
PaCesA4-R	TGCACTGAGGACAGGACTGGTTGC
PaCesA7A-F	TCGCCTTTCTCTCAGATACGAACG
PaCesA7A -R	TTACCCGTAACAAGAGGGGGTTCC
PaCesA7B-F	GCGATGAGATTGGCGTAACTGTG
PaCesA7B-R	ACGCTTGTATCTAGTCTTGCACTGG
PaCesA8A-F	ATAACAAATCCTGTTGATAGTGCCTTC
PaCesA8A-R	GTTGACAGGATTCCACTTGGGAAAT
PaCesA8B-F	ATAACAAATCCTGTCGATAGTGCCTTT
PaCesA8B-R	ATTGACAGGATTCCACTTGGGGAAC
PaCCR1-F	TGAGCTCTCTTGTCAGTTACCG
PaCCR1-R	AGCCACGTTGAAGCAAAAGC
PaPAL1- F	TGCAGTTGGTTCTGGTTTGG
PaPAL1-R	AACCTCGGCGAAAATTGCAG
PaPAL2-F	ACGCAATGGCAATGGTTCAC
PaPAL2-R	TGACAGCTCCACCATGACAC
PaPAL3-F	CTTCAGTATCTCGCCAATCCAG
PaPAL3-R	GAAGAGATAAGCCCCAACGAG
PaC4H2-F	GGCTCAAGTTGTCGAGGATG
PaC4H2-R	CCTCTTCGCTCTCAAATCTCC
PaC3H3-F	TCATTGGACTGCTTTGGGAC
PaC3H3-R	TGGGTTCTTGATTAGCTCTGC
PaCCoAOMT1-F	ATCTGCTGATGAAGGGCAAT
PaCCoAOMT1-R	TTTCTGAATCACCGGGAGAC
PaFRA8-F	TCTCCAAAACCCATGTCTCAG
PaFRA8-R	CGATTGATGTTCTTGCTCTGTTG
PaGT43A-F	TCCTGTGCCAACTCCATTAAG
PaGT43A-R	CCTTGGTACGGATCTTCAGTG
PaGT8D2-F	TTCTCACTGCACCCTTTGG
PaGT8D2-R	ACCCTCTGATCCTTTTCCATTG
PaPARVUS1-F	TTGGAGTGGTAAAGGGAAGC
PaPARVUS1-R	AGAGATCATAAGGTGCCCAAAG
PaGXM2-F	AGCTGGCACATAGAGAACTTTG
PaGXM2-R	CAATCTCATGGAGGTAGGCAAG
PaIRX10-1-F	GTGGGAAGGTTGAAGGTCTATG
PaIRX10-1-R	CGAACTGGGCTGGATAAGAG
PaActin F	ACCCTCCAATCCAGACACTG
PaActin R	TTGCTGACCGTATGAGCAAG

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