柏木生长性状的家系-环境互作效应及其关键影响因子

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240413

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 揭示柏木优树自由授粉家系生长性状的遗传变异规律，评估家系、环境及其互作效应的幅度和模式。方法: 以营建在浙江省开化（Kaihua, KH）县林场、淳安县十八坞（Shibaowu, SBW）林场和湖北省京山县太子山（Taizishan, TZS）林场3种立地环境的8年生柏木优树自由授粉家系为研究对象，分析其生长性状的遗传变异规律，估算其育种值、遗传力等参数，筛选速生和稳定性强的家系，并探讨试验点主要环境因子对柏木生长的影响。结果: 柏木家系生长性状（树高、胸径、单株材积、冠幅）的遗传变异系数为11.64%~21.20%，其中单株材积的变异最大。生长性状在地点间、家系间差异显著，TZS试点单株材积分别高于KH试点和SBW试点124.64%和171.93%，KH、SBW和TZS试点的家系遗传力变幅分别为0.30~0.73、0.22~0.51和0.75~0.87；采用独立淘汰法，以胸径和树高育种值的前20%为标准，在KH试点、SBW试点和TZS试点分别选出2个、1个和3个优良家系，单株材积的遗传增益为25.87%~59.00%；以3%为入选率，在KH、SBW和TZS试点分别选出7、7和6个优良单株，单株材积的增益为181.98%~355.53%。多地点联合方差分析和遗传参数表明，家系生长性状与环境互作（G×E）效应显著，B型遗传相关系数变幅为0.05~0.71，基于胸径和树高BLUP-GGE双标图分析，综合选出3号、7号和12号为速生和稳定性强的家系，单株材积平均增益为27.74%。试验点间的日照时间、降雨量、土壤交换钙含量、土壤有机质含量、土壤速效氮含量、土壤酸性有效磷含量可能是影响柏木生长的关键环境因子。结论: 柏木生长性状家系间存在丰富的变异，具有较大的遗传改良潜力，其受家系遗传效应、环境效应以及G×E效应共同影响，综合选出的速生和稳定家系，可为柏木跨地点品种的推广提供材料基础。

关键词: 柏木, 家系, 遗传变异, 家系×环境效应, 遗传选择

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to reveal the genetic variation patterns of growth traits in open-pollinated families of Cupressus funebris (cypress), and assess the magnitude and mode of family and environment effects, and their interaction. Method: This study targeted the 8-year-old open-pollinated families of cypress established in three different environmental conditions in Kaihua (KH) forest station in Kaihua County, Shibawu (SBW) forest station in Chun’an County of Zhejiang Province, and Taizishan (TZS) forest station in Jingshan County of Hubei Province. The genetic variation patterns of growth traits were analyzed, and the parameters such as breeding values and heritability were estimated, and hereby to screen for families with rapid growth and strong stability, and to explore the impact of the main environmental factors at the experimental sites on the growth of cypress. Result: The genetic variation coefficients of growth traits (tree height, diameter at breast height, individual tree volume, and crown width) of cypress families ranged from 11.64% to 21.20%, with the greatest variation in individual tree volume. There were significant differences in the growth traits among sites, and among families, and the volume per plant of TZS was 124.64% and 171.93% higher than that of KH and SBW, respectively. The variation ranges of family heritability of KH, SBW and TZS were 0.30–0.73, 0.22–0.51 and 0.75–0.87, respectively. The independent culling method was used to select 2, 1, and 3 superior families respectively in the KH, SBW and TZS sites, with the top 20% of breeding values for diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height as the criterion, and the genetic gains in individual tree volume ranged from 25.87% to 59.00%. The 7, 7, and 6 elite individual trees were selected from the KH, SBW, and TZS sites, respectively, based on a selection rate of 3% on phenotypic values for DBH and tree height, and the gains in individual tree volume ranged from 181.98% to 355.53%. Multivariate variance analysis and genetic parameters across multiple sites indicated that there was a significant family by environment (G×E) interaction effect on family growth traits. The variation range of B-type genetic correlation coefficients was from 0.05 to 0.71. Based on the BLUP-GGE biplot analysis of DBH and tree height, family 3, 7, and 12 were comprehensively selected as fast-growing and stable families, with an average individual tree volume gain of 27.74%. Key environmental factors such as sunlight duration, rainfall, soil exchangeable calcium content, soil organic matter content, soil available nitrogen, and soil acid-available phosphorus content at the experimental sites might be the critical factors affecting the growth of cypress. Conclusion: There is abundant variation in growth traits among cypress families, indicating that they are significant potential for genetic improvement. These traits are influenced by family genetics, environment, and G×E (genotype × environment) interaction. The comprehensive selection of fast-growing and stable families can provide a material basis for the promotion of cypress varieties across different locations.

Key words: Cupressus funebris, family, genetic variation, family × environment interactions, genetic selection

中图分类号:

S791.41

赵浩博,丰忠平,郑成忠,邱勇斌,安林辉,金国庆,张振. 柏木生长性状的家系-环境互作效应及其关键影响因子[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(6): 120-129.

Haobo Zhao,Zhongping Feng,Chengzhong Zheng,Yongbin Qiu,Linhui An,Guoqing Jin,zhen Zhang. Family-Environment Interaction and Key Influencing Factors of Growth Traits of Cupressus funebris[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(6): 120-129.

图/表 9

表1

表2

表3

表4

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

参考文献 0

	艾斯克 F, 霍兰德 J, 蒙特卡 C. 2019. 动植物育种遗传数据分析. 林元震, 丁昌俊, 译. 北京: 科学出版社.
	Isik F, Holland J, Maltecca C. 2019. Genetic data analysis for plant and animal breeding. Lin Y Z, Ding C J, translation. Beijing: Science Press. ［in Chinese］
	金国庆, 张　振, 余启新, 等. 2019. 马尾松2个世代种子园6年生家系生长的遗传变异与增益比较. 林业科学, 55(7): 57−67.
	Jin G Q, Zhang Z, Yu Q X, et al. 2019. Comparisons of genetic variation and gains of 6-year-old families from first-and second-generation seed orchards of Pinus massoniana. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 55(7): 57–67. ［in Chinese］
	李金花. 基于BLUP和GGE双标图的黑杨派无性系生长性状基因型与环境互作效应. 林业科学, 2021, 57 (6): 64- 73. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210607
	Li J H. Genotype by environment interaction for growth traits of clones of Populus section Aigeiros based on BLUP and GGE biplot. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57 (6): 64- 73. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210607
	林元震. 林木基因型与环境互作的研究方法及其应用. 林业科学, 2019, 55 (5): 142- 151. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190516
	Lin Y Z. Research methodologies for genotype by environment interactions in forest trees and their applications. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55 (5): 142- 151. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190516
	刘　宁, 丁昌俊, 李　波, 等. 12个欧美杨无性系生长初期基因型与环境的互作效应. 林业科学, 2020, 56 (8): 63- 72. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200808
	Liu N, Ding C J, Li B, et al. Effects of genotype by environment interaction of 12 Populus × euramericana clones in their early growth. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56 (8): 63- 72. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200808
	欧阳芳群, 祁生秀, 范国霞, 等. 青海云杉自由授粉家系遗传变异与基于BLUP的改良代亲本选择. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 43 (6): 53- 59.
	Ouyang F Q, Qi S X, Fan G X, et al. Genetic variation and improved parents selection of open pollination families of Picea crassifolia Kom. basing one BLUP method. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2019, 43 (6): 53- 59.
	潘艳艳, 许贵友, 董利虎, 等. 日本落叶松全同胞家系苗期生长性状遗传变异. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 43 (2): 14- 22.
	Pan Y Y, Xu G Y, Dong L H, et al. Genetic variations of seedling growth traits among full-sib families of Larix kaempferi. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2019, 43 (2): 14- 22.
	王楚彪, 罗建中, 何文亮, 等. 桉树无性系多区域联合测试的G×E分析及选优. 林业科学, 2022, 58 (11): 108- 117. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20221110
	Wang C B, Luo J Z, He W L, et al. G×E analysis and selection of eucalyptus clones by multi-region combined test. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58 (11): 108- 117. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20221110
	王文月, 张　振, 金国庆, 等. 两地点8年生柏木生长性状家系变异及选择. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 47 (2): 42- 48.
	Wang W Y, Zhang Z, Jin G Q, et al. Family variation and selection of growth traits of eight-year-old Cupressus funebris in two sites. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2023, 47 (2): 42- 48.
	魏嘉彤, 陈思琪, 芦贤博, 等. 基于生长与木材性状的红松优良种源评价选择. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44 (3): 12- 23. doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210247
	Wei Q T, Chen S Q, Lu X B, et al. Evaluation and selection of excellent provenances of Pinus koraiensis based on growth and wood properties. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44 (3): 12- 23. doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210247
	解懿妮, 刘青华, 蔡燕灵, 等. 5年生马尾松生长性状3地点家系变异及评价. 林业科学研究, 2020, 33 (5): 1- 12.
	Xie Y N, Liu Q H, Cai Y L, et al. Family variation and evaluation of growth traits of 5-year-old Pinus massoniana in three sites. Forest Research, 2020, 33 (5): 1- 12.
	杨　涛, 邱勇斌, 沈　汉, 等. 柏木无性系和家系含碳量的早期评价与优良品系选择. 林业科学, 2023, 59 (9): 85- 94. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230008
	Yang T, Qiu Y B, Shen H, et al. Early evaluation of carbon content of cypress clones and families and superior strains. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59 (9): 85- 94. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230008
	袁承志, 陈　坦, 张　振, 等. 不同养分环境下钙添加对柏木家系苗木生长和根系发育的影响. 应用与环境生物学报, 2020, 26 (5): 1161- 1168.
	Yuan C Z, Chen T, Zhang Z, et al. Effects of calcium addition on growth and root development of Cupressus funebris families in different nutrient conditions. Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2020, 26 (5): 1161- 1168.
	郑聪慧, 张鸿景, 王玉忠, 等. 基于BLUP和GGE双标图的华北落叶松家系区域试验分析. 林业科学, 2019, 55 (8): 73- 83. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190809
	Zheng C H, Zhang H J, Wang Y Z, et al. An analysis of a regional trial of Larix principis-rupprechtii families based on BLUP and GGE biplot. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55 (8): 73- 83. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190809
	周　琳. 2017. 柏木优树子代遗传分析及优良家系评选. 成都: 四川农业大学.
	Zhou L. 2017. Genetic analysis Y and superior family selection about Cupressus funebris progeny. Cheng’du: Sichuan Agricultural University. ［in Chinese］
	Braga C R, Paludeto Z G J, Souza M B, et al. Genetic parameters and genotype × environment interaction in Pinus taeda clonal tests. Forest Ecology and Management, 2020, 474, 118342.
	Chmura D J, Barzdajn W, Kowalkowski W, et al. Analysis of genotype-by-environment interaction in a multisite progeny test with Scots pine for supporting selection decisions. European Journal of Forest Research, 2021, 140 (6): 1457- 1467. doi: 10.1007/s10342-021-01417-5
	Gapare W J, Ivković M, Liepe K J, et al. Drivers of genotype by environment interaction in radiata pine as indicated by multivariate regression trees. Forest Ecology and Management, 2015, 353, 21- 29. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.05.027
	Ivkovic M, Gapare W, Yang H X, et al. Pattern of genotype by environment interaction for radiata pine in southern Australia. Annals of Forest Science, 2015, 72 (3): 391- 401.
	Lai M, Dong L M, Yi M, et al. Genetic variation, heritability and genotype × environment interactions of resin yield, growth traits and morphologic traits for Pinus elliottii at three progeny trials. Forests, 2017, 8 (11): 409. doi: 10.3390/f8110409
	Lin Y Z, Yang H X, Ivković M, et al. Effect of genotype by spacing interaction on radiata pine genetic parameters for height and diameter growth. Forest Ecology and Management, 2013, 304, 204- 211. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.015
	Ling J J, Yao X, Hu J W, et al. Genotype by environment interaction analysis of growth of Picea koraiensis families at different sites using BLUP-GGE. New Forests, 2021, 52, 113- 127.
	Nocetti M, Della Rocca G, Berti S, et al. Genetic growth parameters and morphological traits of canker-resistant cypress clones selected for timber production. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2015, 11 (4): 73.
	Ren J S, Ji X Y, Wang C H, et al. Variation and genetic parameters of leaf morphological traits of eight families from Populus simonii × P. nigra. Forests, 2020, 11 (12): 1319. doi: 10.3390/f11121319
	Valérie P, Salvador G A, Silvio S, et al. Genotype × environment interaction and climate sensitivity in growth and wood density of European larch. Forest Ecology and Management, 2023, 545, 121259.
	Wu X H. Benefits and risks of using clones in forestry–a review. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2019, 34 (5): 352- 359.
	Yang T, Wang P C, Wang W Y, et al. Early growth evaluation and biomass allocation difference between clones and families in Cupressus funebris. European Journal of Forest Research, 2023, 142 (4): 839- 850.
	Yang Z Q, Xia H, Tan J H, et al. Selection of superior families of Pinus massonianain southern China for large-diameter construction timber. Journal of Forestry Research, 2020, 31 (2): 475- 484.
	Yuan C Z, Zhang Z, Jin G Q, et al. Genetic parameters and genotype by environment interactions influencing growth and productivity in Masson pine in east and central China. Forest Ecology and Management, 2021, 487, 118991.
	Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang D W, et al. Progeny performance and selection of superior trees within families in Larix olgensis. Euphytica: International Journal of Plant Breeding, 2020, 216 (4): 1- 10.

地点Site	Lat/N	Lon/E	Alt/m	主要气象因子Major meteorological factor						土壤理化性质Soil physical-chemical proprieties
地点Site	Lat/N	Lon/E	Alt/m	T_max/℃	T_min/℃	AOT/℃	GDD/℃	AOP/mm	SD/h	pH	OM/(g·kg^?1)	AN/(mg·kg^?1)	AP/(mg·kg^?1)	ExCa/(mg·kg^?1)
KH	29°01′	118°24′	180~300	38.3	-5.8	24.2	5 075	1 345.7	1 851	4.45	19.95	73.52	1.64	87.97
TZS	31°03′	113°11′	80~120	37.8	-3.2	23.7	4 985	551.2	2 238	6.15	29.27	112.40	2.83	180.18
SBW	29°29′	118°50′	150~250	37.9	-6.0	24.1	5 065	1 225.5	1 750	4.64	19.70	81.03	1.65	124.11

地点Site	性状Traits	均值Mean	标准差SD	CV_P(%)	CV_g(%)	CV_e(%)
KH	D/cm	5.32	1.50	28.21	6.14	26.68
	H/m	4.50	1.01	22.43	5.69	18.51
	CW/m	1.39	0.43	30.80	4.06	26.34
	V/m³	0.006 9	0.005 0	72.20	15.87	64.81
SBW	D/cm	4.77	1.48	31.06	4.60	25.68
	H/m	4.67	0.72	15.40	1.97	13.13
	CW/m	1.48	0.77	51.77	8.64	44.56
	V/m³	0.005 7	0.004 4	77.26	11.64	55.48
TZS	D/cm	7.61	1.95	25.61	7.95	23.65
	H/m	5.39	1.06	19.70	7.11	14.56
	CW/m	2.93	0.75	25.66	7.27	23.65
	V/m³	0.015 5	0.008 9	57.33	21.20	49.97
联合 Joint	D/cm	5.99	2.09	34.94	3.89	26.61
	H/m	4.88	1.03	21.06	3.64	16.97
	CW/m	1.99	0.99	49.67	1.45	31.86
	V/m³	0.009 7	0.007 9	81.78	10.54	65.20

地点 Site	变异来源 Source of variation	df	均方Mean square
地点 Site	变异来源 Source of variation	df	D	H	CW	V
KH	家系Family	19	3.95**	2.91**	0.32**	4.0×10^?5**
	区组Block	4	20.32**	19.10**	2.68**	3.0×10^?4**
	家系×区组Family×Block	76	1.84	1.07**	0.26**	2.0×10^?5
	误差Error	453	2.02	0.69	0.13	2.0×10^?5
SBW	家系Family	19	4.35**	1.30**	0.84**	2.0×10^?4**
	区组Block	4	35.49**	2.62**	14.55**	5.0×10^?4**
	家系×区组Family×Block	76	3.05**	0.97**	0.62**	2.0×10^?5**
	误差Error	442	1.5	0.38	0.43	1.0×10^?5
TZS	家系Family	19	11.33**	4.53**	1.47**	3.0×10^?4**
	区组Block	4	10.19**	26.37**	1.46*	2.0×10^?4**
	家系×区组Family×Block	76	4.23**	1.52**	0.65**	8.0×10^?5**
	误差Error	539	3.24	0.62	0.48	6.0×10^?5
联合Joint	地点Sites	2	1 181.92**	113.86**	453.96**	1.4×10^?3**
	家系Family	19	10.10**	4.91**	1.51**	2.0×10^?4**
	区组（地点）Block(Sites)	4	10.69**	30.18**	4.60**	4.0×10^?4**
	家系×地点Family×Sites	38	6.47**	2.42**	0.68**	1.0×10^?4**
	误差Error	1 594	2.54	0.69	0.40	4.0×10^?5

地点 Site	性状 Trait	方差分量Variance component				$ {{h}}_{{{\mathrm{s}}}}^{{2}} $	$ {{h}}_{{{\mathrm{f}}}}^{{2}} $	r_gg
地点 Site	性状 Trait	$ {{\sigma}}_{{{\mathrm{F}}}}^{{2}} $	$ {{\sigma}}_{{{\mathrm{FS}}}}^{{2}} $	$ {{\sigma}}_{{{\mathrm{FB}}}}^{{2}} $	$ {{\sigma}}_{{{\mathrm{E}}}}^{{2}} $	$ {{h}}_{{{\mathrm{s}}}}^{{2}} $	$ {{h}}_{{{\mathrm{f}}}}^{{2}} $	r_gg
KH	D	0.107	—	0.033	2.015	0.20	0.69	0.83
	H	0.065	—	0.072	0.694	0.31	0.70	0.84
	CW	0.003	—	0.024	0.134	0.08	0.30	0.55
	V	1.0×10^?6	—	2.0×10^?7	2.0×10^?5	0.22	0.73	0.85
SBW	D	0.048	—	0.305	1.501	0.10	0.35	0.59
	H	0.009	—	0.118	0.376	0.07	0.22	0.46
	CW	0.016	—	0.036	0.435	0.13	0.51	0.71
	V	4.0×10^?7	—	3.0×10^?6	1.0×10^?5	0.10	0.34	0.58
TZS	D	0.366	—	0.164	3.240	0.39	0.79	0.89
	H	0.147	—	0.150	0.616	0.64	0.78	0.88
	CW	0.045	—	0.028	0.480	0.33	0.75	0.87
	V	1.0×10^?5	—	2.0×10^?6	6.0×10^?5	0.56	0.87	0.93
联合Joint	D	0.054	0.142	0.057	2.540	0.08	0.44	0.67
	H	0.032	0.058	0.060	0.686	0.15	0.53	0.73
	CW	0.001	0.025	0.017	0.402	0.01	0.06	0.25
	V	1.0×10^?6	4.0×10^?6	7.0×10^?7	4.0×10^?5	0.10	0.41	0.64

[1]	姜清彬,孟景祥,李保军,陈海军,方碧江,郭朗,田生辉. 8年生火力楠半同胞家系遗传评价与选育[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(1): 104-114.
[2]	杨梦佳,邹显花,郭志娟,彭钊,何妍,彭志远,姚必达,黄国敏,朱丽琴,黄荣珍. 基于¹³C示踪的2个杉木家系幼苗光合碳分配动态[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(12): 35-46.
[3]	吴婕妤,吴江源,张亚梅,于文吉. 人工林柏木重组木的结构与性能[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(11): 160-169.
[4]	杨涛, 邱勇斌, 沈汉, 郑成忠, 张振, 王文月, 金国庆, 周志春. 柏木无性系和家系含碳量的早期评价与优良品系选择[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(9): 85-94.
[5]	肖德卿,罗芊芊,范辉华,邱群,周志春. 栽植模式对木荷幼林生长和形质性状家系变异影响[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(5): 85-92.
[6]	曹德美,张亚红,成星奇,项晓冬,张磊,胡建军. 青杨不同种群叶片表型性状的遗传变异[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(8): 56-67.
[7]	王云鹏,张蕊,周志春,黄少华,马丽珍,范辉华. 木荷优树自由授粉家系早期生长性状遗传变异动态规律[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(9): 77-86.
[8]	温月仙, 甘红豪, 史胜青, 江泽平, 吴利禄, 褚建民. 基于叶绿体和核基因片段序列的甘蒙柽柳谱系地理研究[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(1): 55-64.
[9]	金国庆, 张振, 余启新, 冯随起, 丰忠平, 赵世荣, 周志春. 马尾松2个世代种子园6年生家系生长的遗传变异与增益比较[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(7): 57-67.
[10]	尹焕焕, 刘青华, 周志春, 余启新, 丰忠平. 马尾松产脂性状与生长性状的无性系变异及相关性[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(12): 82-91.
[11]	于少帅, 李永, 任争光, 宋传生, 林彩丽, 朴春根, 田国忠. 多位点序列分析揭示我国16SrI组植原体不同株系间遗传变异和系统发育关系[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(3): 105-118.
[12]	訾晓雪, 曹宇, 闫绍鹏, 王秋玉. 3种白腐菌木质纤维素酶活性及酶相关基因的TRAP标记遗传多态性[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(6): 111-118.
[13]	龚固堂, 牛牧, 慕长龙, 陈俊华, 黎燕琼, 朱志芳, 郑绍伟. 间伐强度对柏木人工林生长及林下植物的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(4): 8-15.
[14]	范川, 周义贵, 李贤伟, 张健, 廖洪流, 李凤汀, 冯茂松. 柏木低效林改造不同模式土壤抗蚀性对比[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(6): 107-114.
[15]	欧阳芳群, 王军辉, 贾子瑞, 李悦, 仲永芳, 祁生秀. 补光对青海云杉家系幼苗生物量和矿质元素的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(11): 188-196.