不同花型牡丹成花过程中表型及理化指标动态变化

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240633

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究不同花型牡丹成花过程中表型及理化指标动态变化，为牡丹成花品质的提升及花型改良提供理论依据。方法: 以单瓣型品种‘凤丹’和菊花型品种‘连鹤’成花过程中13个不同发育阶段的花芽（朵）为试验材料，采用形态结构观测和植物生理学测定方法，分析不同花型牡丹成花过程中的外部形态和相关重要生理生化指标[吲哚乙酸（IAA）、脱落酸（ABA）、玉米素核苷（ZR）、赤霉素（GA₃）、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）]的动态变化情况。结果: ‘凤丹’和‘连鹤’的花芽（朵）自越冬鳞芽期至盛开期在宽度和高度上均呈不同程度增长，二者分别在大风铃期和小风铃期开始快速增长，且均在盛开期达到峰值。从初开期到盛开期，‘凤丹’的ZR含量升高，‘连鹤’的ZR含量持续下降。‘凤丹’和‘连鹤’的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量变化趋势一致，但‘凤丹’的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量从平桃期起始终高于‘连鹤’。‘凤丹’和‘连鹤’在破绽期的SOD活性相较于前一阶段均表现出增长趋势，随着发育继续进行，‘凤丹’的SOD活性呈先升高后降低的趋势，‘连鹤’的SOD活性则呈先降低后升高的趋势。‘凤丹’和‘连鹤’不同发育阶段花芽（朵）中的POD活性变化趋势基本一致，但在变动幅度上略有差异。结论: 大风铃期至盛开期为‘凤丹’的快速生长期，小风铃期至盛开期为‘连鹤’的快速生长期。高含量的IAA和低含量的ABA、GA₃可促进‘凤丹’和‘连鹤’花朵绽放，高水平的ABA/IAA、ABA/GA₃和低水平的ZR/IAA、ZR/GA₃可能更有利于牡丹花芽打破休眠，萌动膨大期和圆桃期各种激素波动程度较大。‘凤丹’和‘连鹤’花芽中营养物质含量、抗氧化酶活性最高的阶段为萌动膨大期。小风铃期是不同品种牡丹向不同花型进行差异分化的关键阶段。

关键词: 牡丹, 花型, 内源激素, 营养物质, 抗氧化酶

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the dynamic changes in morphology and physicochemical indexes during the flowering process of tree peony with different flower types, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of flower types and cultivation management of tree peony in the future. Method: The flower buds (flowers) of 13 different developmental stages in the flowering process of the single-petal cultivar Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ and the chrysanthemum cultivar P. suffruticosa ‘Lianhe’ were used as experimental materials. The dynamic changes in the external morphology and the relevant important physiological and biochemical indexes [indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin acid (GA₃), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), soluble sugar, soluble protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)] were determined through observation and measurements. Result: The flower buds (flowers) of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ and P. suffruticosa ‘Lianhe’ showed different degrees of growth in width and height from the overwintering bulb stage to the full blooming stage. Both of them began to grow rapidly at the big-bell stage and the small-bell stage, respectively, and reached their peak at the full blooming stage. From the initial flowering stage to the full blooming stage, the ZR content of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ increased, while ZR content of P. suffruticosa ‘Lianhe’ continued to decrease. The change trends of soluble sugar and soluble protein contents of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ and P. suffruticosa ‘Lianhe’ were consistent, but the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ was always higher than that of P. suffruticosa ‘Lianhe’ from the color-exposure stage. Both P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ and P. suffruticosa ‘Lianhe’ showed an increasing trend in SOD content during the blooming stage compared to the previous stage. As the developmental stage continued, the SOD content of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ showed a tendency to first increase and then decrease, while P. suffruticosa ‘Lianhe’ showed a tendency to first decrease and then increase. The change trend of POD content in flower buds (flowers) of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ and P. suffruticosa ‘Lianhe’ at different development stages was basically the same, but there were slight differences in the magnitude of variation. Conclusion: The rapid growth stage of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ is from the big-bell stage to the full blooming stage, and the fastest growth stage of P. suffruticosa ‘Lianhe’ is from the small-bell stage to the full blooming stage. High levels of IAA and low levels of ABA and GA₃ can promote the flowering of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ and P. suffruticosa ‘Lianhe’ flowers. High levels of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA₃ and low levels of ZR/IAA, ZR/GA₃ may be more conducive to breaking dormancy of tree peony buds. There may be greater fluctuations in various hormones during budding stage and the circular peach stage. The stage of highest content of nutrients and antioxidant enzymes in buds of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ and P. suffruticosa ‘Lianhe’ is the stage of budding stage. The small-bell stage is the key stage for differentiation of different varieties of peonies towards different flower types.

Key words: tree peony, flower type, endogenous hormones, nutrients, antioxidant enzymes

中图分类号:

王朵朵,魏冬峰,郭琪,李昱莹,杨雪婷,牛童非,张楠楠,侯小改. 不同花型牡丹成花过程中表型及理化指标动态变化[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(10): 26-37.

Duoduo Wang,Dongfeng Wei,Qi Guo,Yuying Li,Xueting Yang,Tongfei Niu,Nannan Zhang,Xiaogai Hou. Dynamic Changes in Phenotype and Physicochemical Indexes during the Flowering Process of Tree Peony with Different Flower Types[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(10): 26-37.

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阶段 Stages	‘凤丹’ Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’		‘连鹤’ Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Lianhe’
阶段 Stages	芽（花）宽 Width of bud （flower）	芽（花）高 Height of bud （fiower）	芽（花）宽 Width of bud （flower）	芽（花）高 Height of bud （fiower）
S1	7.31±0.19g	16.50±0.75i	8.31±0.57h	17.94±0.58h
S2	8.28±0.20g	19.30±0.87hi	9.48±0.23gh	22.67±2.13g
S3	8.49±0.23g	20.13±0.06hi	9.72±0.22gh	24.42±1.28fg
S4	9.34±0.07g	21.07±1.19h	10.21±0.19gh	25.83±0.81fg
S5	13.49±0.72fg	25.57±0.87g	12.15±0.39g	26.52±1.79fg
S6	16.07±0.42f	31.37±2.77f	16.07±0.42f	27.92±2.28f
S7	17.43±0.22f	31.68±1.03f	18.11±0.68f	35.71±0.85e
S8	28.14±0.46e	40.30±1.50e	25.97±0.30e	39.22±1.54e
S9	29.99±1.03e	45.32±3.58d	29.27±0.16d	44.68±2.71d
S10	38.56±0.80d	49.57±3.09c	38.83±0.51c	50.54±1.71c
S11	48.75±0.82c	53.03±1.84bc	49.55±0.34b	52.82±2.14c
S12	107.03±4.82b	55.46±0.55b	54.36±1.26b	58.32±0.89b
S13	182.97±8.39a	82.84±0.89a	170.50±4.24a	77.52±3.33a

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