‘华仲6号’杜仲嫩枝扦插生根的解剖及生理变化

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220212

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究杜仲良种嫩枝扦插不定根发育的解剖结构特征，探讨内源激素、氧化酶、营养物质的动态变化规律及作用，为进一步研究杜仲扦插不定根发育机制及调控技术提供参考。方法: 以‘华仲6号’杜仲当年生半木质化嫩枝为研究对象，通过石蜡切片技术对插穗生根部位进行解剖观察；利用高效液相色谱-质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定生根部位IAA、GA₃、ABA及ZR的含量；利用比色法测定IAAO、POD、PPO的活性；采用蒽酮法、考马斯亮蓝法和凯氏定氮法主要测定营养物质中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和全氮含量。结果: 1) 杜仲不定根是由形成层外的薄壁细胞诱导分化形成，属于皮部诱导生根型。其生根过程可划分为诱导期(扦插0~12天)、启动期(扦插12~22天)、表达期(扦插22~32天)和伸长期(扦插32~53天)。在表达期可观察到插穗基部有幼小白色不定根突破皮层。2)经杜仲专用生根剂处理的插穗每根平均生根数量可达25.6根，比对照多约20根；平均根长为8.41 cm，约为对照组2倍；生根率为85.3%，提高60%。3)在杜仲扦插生根过程中IAA起到关键作用。POD和PPO活性先升后降，IAAO活性先降后升，营养物质在生根前积累，生根后含量降低。结论: 杜仲不定根发生属于皮部诱导生根类型。在不定根形成关键时期，IAA含量升高是诱导根原基的关键，同时，IAAO活性降低，POD、PPO活性升高，营养物质快速积累，均与生根关系密切。

关键词: 杜仲, 嫩枝扦插, 解剖结构, 内源激素, 氧化酶, 营养物质

Abstract:

Objective: To study the characteristics of rooting anatomical structure, and to investigate and analyze the dynamic changes and effects of endogenous hormones, oxidases and nutrients in the process of adventitious root development during softwood cuttings of Eucommia ulmoides, so as to provide reference for further research on the development mechanism and regulation techniques of E. ulmoides. Method: The E. ulmoides 'Huazhong No.6' semi-lignified twigs were used as the experimental material, the development process of adventitious roots was investigated by observing the anatomical structure of its paraffin sections that were made of the basis of cuttings collected regularly; the content of IAA, GA₃, ABA and ZR of E. ulmoides was determined by using HPLC-MS/MS; the activity of IAAO, POD, PPO was determined by colorimetric method; soluble sugar, soluble protein and total nitrogen were determined by the anthrone-sulfate method, Coomassie brilliant blue method and Kjeldahl method. Result: 1) The adventitious roots primordium of E. ulmoides was differentiated from the vascular cambium parenchyma cell of bark, which belongs to the induce-to-root type of the bark. The ontogeny process of adventitious roots can be divided into four stages: induction period (0-12 d after cutting), initiation period (12-22 d after cutting), expression period (22-32 d after cutting) and elongation period (32-53 d after cutting). It can be observed that there are young white adventitious roots breaking through the cortex at the base of the cuttings during the expression period. 2) The average number of adventitious roots in the treatment group with special rooting agent of E. ulmoides can reach 25.6, which was 20 more than of the control group treated with water. The average root length was 8.41 cm, which was about 2 times of the control group; The rooting rate was 85.3%, an increase of 60%. 3)IAA had significant function in the rooting process of E. ulmoides. The activity of POD and PPO increased first, then decreased, the activity of IAAO decreased first and increased later. Nutrients accumulated before rooting, and their content decreased after rooting. Conclusion: The adventitious root formation of E. ulmoides belongs to the type induce-to-root in the bark. The dynamic changes of various physiological indicators are consistent with the development of adventitious roots. IAA is a key hormone for inducing adventitious roots. During the critical period of adventitious root formation, the increase in IAA content is the key to inducing root primordium. Meanwhile, IAAO activity decreases, POD and PPO activity increases, and the nutrients rapidly accumulate, which are closely related to rooting.

Key words: Eucommia ulmoides, softwood cutting, anatomical structure, endogenous hormones, oxidases, nutrients

中图分类号:

吕庚鑫,孟益德,庆军,何凤,刘攀峰,杜庆鑫,杜红岩,杜兰英,王璐. ‘华仲6号’杜仲嫩枝扦插生根的解剖及生理变化[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(2): 113-124.

Gengxin Lü,Yide Meng,Jun Qing,Feng He,Panfeng Liu,Qingxin Du,Hongyan Du,Lanying Du,Lu Wang. Changes of Anatomical Structure and Physiology during Softwood Cutting Rooting of Eucommia ulmoides 'Huazhong No. 6'[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(2): 113-124.

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处理 Treatment	生根率 Rooting rate(%)	平均根长 Mean length of root/cm	最长根长 Length of longest root/cm	平均生根数 Mean number of roots	不定根开始发生 Adventitious roots begin to occur/d
对照 Control	21.3±1.53 a	4.33±1.17 a	8.3±1.76 a	5.35±1.68 a	32~46
处理 Treatment	85.3±2.52 b	8.41±2.57 b	13.3±2.36 b	25.60±4.01 b	22~32

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