凋落物添加与去除对米槠天然林土壤微生物残体碳的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220855

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究森林凋落物输入变化对土壤微生物残体碳的影响，为全面认识植物、土壤与微生物间的相互作用对森林长期碳固存的影响提供科学依据。方法: 以亚热带米槠天然林为研究对象，采用随机区组试验设计，设置3种凋落物处理（去除凋落物、双倍凋落物和对照），测定土壤理化性质、氨基糖含量及微生物残体碳含量，采用Pearson 分析和路径分析（PLS-PM）探讨微生物残体碳含量的影响因素。结果: 去除凋落物后，土壤中总氨基糖、氨基葡萄糖、氨基半乳糖和甘露糖胺含量分别降低了14.7%、33.4%、9.3%和16.1%；凋落物添加处理后，甘露糖胺含量降低了21.7%。去除凋落物后，真菌残体碳和总微生物残体碳含量分别降低了16.2%和16.1%，而细菌残体碳含量无显著变化；凋落物添加后，总微生物残体碳含量显著降低了9.2%，但2种处理下微生物残体碳对土壤有机碳的贡献无差异。路径分析表明，凋落物输入变化下的微生物生物量碳、土壤含水量和微生物生物量是驱动土壤微生物残体碳累积的关键因子。结论: 改变凋落物的输入可显著调控土壤微生物残体的积累，尤其是对真菌残体碳的影响较大，而对细菌残体碳的影响较小。凋落物在微生物残体碳积累中具有重要作用，适度维持地表凋落物贮量有助于保持土壤碳库的稳定。

关键词: 凋落物, 氨基糖, 微生物残体碳, 土壤有机碳, 亚热带森林

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the effects of changes in litter inputs on soil microbial necromass carbon, and provide scientific evidence for a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between plants, soil, and microorganisms on long-term carbon sequestration in forests. Method: The study focused on a subtropical natural forest of Castanopsis carlesii, a randomized block group experimental design was employed, with three treatments including litter removal, litter addition, and control. Soil physicochemical properties, amino sugar contents, and microbial necromass carbon contents were measured. Pearson correlation analysis and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) were utilized to explore the influencing factors of microbial necromass carbon contents. Result: After litter removal, the contents of total amino sugars, glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannoseamine in the soil decreased by 14.7%, 33.4%, 9.3%, and 16.1%, respectively; and the galactosamine decreased by 21.7% after litter addition. The fungal necromass carbon and total microbial necromass carbon contents in the soil decreased by 16.2% and 16.1%, respectively, while bacterial necromass carbon content showed no significant change after litter removal; the total microbial necromass carbon content decreased significantly by 9.2% after litter addition, but the contribution of microbial necromass carbon to soil organic carbon under the two treatments was not significantly different. Path analysis showed that microbial biomass carbon content, soil water content , and microbial biomass were key factors driving the accumulation of soil microbial necromass carbon content under changes in litter input. Conclusion: Altering the input of litter significantly regulates the accumulation of soil microbial necromass carbon, with a particularly pronounced impact on fungal necromass carbon and a relatively minor effect on bacterial necromass carbon contents. This highlights the significance of litter in the accumulation of microbial necromass carbon contents, and maintaining an appropriate level of surface litter facilitates the stability of soil carbon pools.

Key words: litter treatment, amino sugars, microbial necromass carbon, soil organic carbon, subtropical forest

中图分类号:

S714.2

李晓,贾淑娴,席颖青,杨柳明,刘小飞. 凋落物添加与去除对米槠天然林土壤微生物残体碳的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(10): 12-20.

Xiao Li,Shuxian Jia,Yingqing Xi,Liuming Yang,Xiaofei Liu. Effects of Litter Addition and Removal on Soil Microbial Necromass Carbon in a Natural Forest of Castanopsis carlesii[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(10): 12-20.

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样地 Plot	有机碳储量 Organic carbon storage/(t·hm^?2)	土壤密度 Soil bulk density/(g·cm^?3)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/(mg·g^?1)	全磷含量 Total phosphorus content/(mg·g^?1)
对照 Control	43.89±4.46	1.09±0.11	2.34±0.56	0.48±0.12
去除凋落物 Litter removal	35.47±1.57	0.91±0.11	2.11±0.55	0.46±0.09
添加凋落物 Litter addition	40.24±3.70	0.93±0.09	2.23±0.37	0.51±0.12

微生物 Microbial	磷脂脂肪酸标记物 Phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers
革兰氏阳性细菌 Gram-positive bacteria	i14:i15:0, a15:i16:i17:0, a17:0
革兰氏阴性细菌 Gram-negative bacteria	16:1ω9c, 16:1ω7c, cy17:0,18:1ω7c, 18:1ω5c, cy19:0
真菌 Fungi	18:1ω9c, 18:2ω6c
丛枝菌根真菌 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi	16:1ω5c
放线菌Actinomyces	10Me16:0, 10Me17:0, 10Me18:0

处理 Treatment	对照 Control	去除凋落物 Litter removal	添加凋落物 Litter addition
含水量Soil water content（%）	0.27±0.02a	0.22±0.00b	0.24±0.01ab
pH	4.19±0.17	4.34±0.03	4.30±0.01
土壤有机碳含量Soil organic carbon content/（g·kg^?1）	24.98±2.60	21.21±0.80	22.84±2.7
全氮含量Total nitrogen content/（g·kg^?1）	1.67±0.18	1.38±0.09	1.46±0.10
碳氮比Carbon to nitrogen ratio	14.94±0.09	15.40±0.47	15.56±0.82
可溶性有机碳含量Dissolved organic carbon content/（mg·kg^?1）	124.20±13.78a	67.39±0.98b	117.05±3.94a
可溶性有机氮含量Dissolved organic nitrogen content/ （mg·kg^?1）	9.61±0.58a	4.85±1.67b	4.21±0.57b
微生物生物量碳含量Microbial biomass carbon content/（mg·kg^-1）	440.50±45.44a	313.62±32.41b	437.89±39.05a
铵态氮含量NH₄⁺-N content/（mg·kg^?1）	26.70±6.42	18.74±3.15	22.23±3.32
硝态氮含量NO₃^?-N content/（mg·kg^?1）	4.80±0.29b	5.85±0.30a	2.85±0.50c

处理 Treatment	对照 Control	去除凋落物 Litter removal	添加凋落物 Litter addition
革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria/（nmol·g^?1）	6.55±0.15a	4.58±0.82b	5.09±0.54ab
革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria/（nmol·g^?1）	6.12±0.21a	4.52±0.68b	5.53±0.47ab
革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌比 Gram-positive bacteria/Gram-negative bacteria	1.07±0.01	0.90±0.13	0.92±0.02
真菌Fungi/（nmol·g^?1）	2.74±0.27a	1.81±0.30b	2.53±0.27a
真菌与细菌比Fungi/Bacteria	0.22±0.03	0.21±0.02	0.24±0.00
丛枝真菌Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi/（nmol·g^?1）	0.40±0.01a	0.21±0.07b	0.30±0.01b
放线菌Actinomyces/（nmol·g^?1）	3.06±0.57	2.11±0.50	2.39±0.39
总微生物生物量Total-PLFAs/（nmol·g^?1）	18.88±0.74a	12.73±2.39b	15.84±1.55ab

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