林业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (10): 41-49.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220006
收稿日期:
2022-01-05
出版日期:
2023-10-25
发布日期:
2023-11-01
通讯作者:
游巍斌
E-mail:wbyou@fafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Weibin You1,2,*(),Ying Li1,2,Yan Zhou3,Dongjin He1,2,4
Received:
2022-01-05
Online:
2023-10-25
Published:
2023-11-01
Contact:
Weibin You
E-mail:wbyou@fafu.edu.cn
摘要:
目的: 探究马尾松林改为茶园的土地利用/覆盖变化对土壤碳含量的影响,明确林缘形成对森林土壤碳含量的作用,为准确估算森林土壤碳储量和固碳功能提供科学依据。方法: 在武夷山国家公园选择马尾松纯林转为茶园的典型地点,研究马尾松林内不同林距(距“林—茶”接壤边缘1、20和50 m)及接壤茶园内4处位置的表层土壤(0~20 cm)总有机碳(TOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量变化及影响因素。结果: 马尾松林改为茶园16~28年后,土壤TOC、DOC和MBC含量分别比原马尾松林下降了57.1%、48.8%和16.9%。在马尾松林内至林缘方向上,TOC和DOC含量呈下降趋势,而MBC含量无显著差异(P>0.1),为TOC含量均值在林距50 m、20 m、1 m和毗邻茶园处依次为31.08、30.67、22.26和13.25 g·kg?1,DOC含量均值依次为269.7、259.8、226.5和135.5 mg·kg?1。TOC和DOC含量与解释变量(土壤理化性质、土地利用/覆被类型和林缘年龄)的逐步回归方程拟合优度好,自变量分别解释了各自变异的87.7%和76.6%;但MBC的拟合效果很差。其中,土地利用/覆被类型和土壤氮组分含量对TOC和DOC产生不同程度的作用;而林缘年龄仅对DOC含量产生影响。结论: 马尾松林改为茶园的土地利用/覆盖变化使土壤碳含量下降(TOC和DOC最为明显),且随离开林缘的距离增加而降低。因此,需要考虑土壤碳含量的林缘效应,以降低景观尺度的森林土壤碳库和碳汇估算中的不确定性。
中图分类号:
游巍斌,李颖,周艳,何东进. 武夷山国家公园马尾松林改为茶园后影响表层土壤碳含量的林缘效应[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(10): 41-49.
Weibin You,Ying Li,Yan Zhou,Dongjin He. Edge Effect of Pinus massoniana Forest Converted into Tea Plantation on Topsoil Carbon Content in Wuyishan National Park[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(10): 41-49.
表1
采样区马尾松林基本概况"
采样区编号 Site No. | 海拔 Elevation/m | 坡度 Slope/(°) | 坡向 Aspect | 坡位 Slope position | 平均胸径 Average DBH/cm | 平均树高 Average height/m | 平均枝下高 Average clear bole height/m | 郁闭度 Canopy density | 边缘年龄 Boundary age/a |
1 | 255 | 31 | 阴坡Shady slope | 上坡Uphill | 25.3 | 16.9 | 5.3 | 0.40 | 22 |
2 | 230 | 29 | 阳坡Sunny slope | 上坡Uphill | 23.8 | 16.7 | 3.3 | 0.60 | 20 |
3 | 291 | 28 | 阴坡Shady slope | 中坡Mid-slope | 13.4 | 12.8 | 4.6 | 0.60 | 27 |
4 | 253 | 33 | 阴坡Shady slope | 中坡Mid-slope | 26.0 | 15.2 | 5.4 | 0.65 | 21 |
5 | 375 | 33 | 阴坡Shady slope | 中坡Mid-slope | 26.0 | 15.2 | 3.7 | 0.65 | 28 |
6 | 325 | 31 | 阳坡Sunny slope | 下坡Downhill | 24.7 | 15.7 | 6.8 | 0.70 | 16 |
7 | 246 | 35 | 阳坡Sunny slope | 中坡Mid-slope | 26.6 | 15.7 | 3.2 | 0.50 | 28 |
8 | 313 | 32 | 阳坡Sunny slope | 上坡Uphill | 22.0 | 14.5 | 6.3 | 0.70 | 16 |
图1
马尾松林内至林缘及毗邻茶园处土壤表层碳含量变化 图中符号实心圆·表示异常值;空心圆?表示平均值。· represents outliers; ? represents mean. E_tea、E1、E20和E50分别表示茶园、林距1 m、林距20 m和林距50 m等4处采样点。E_tea indicates the sampling location inside the tea plantation, while E1, E20, and E50 indicate the sampling locations from 1, 20 and 50 m from the edge of tea plantation toward the forest. TOC:总有机碳 Total organic carbon; DOC:可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon;MBC:微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon."
表2
马尾松林内至林缘及毗邻茶园处表层土壤理化性质特征①"
土壤理化性质 | 位置 Location | 变化范围 Range | 平均值±标准差 Mean±standard deviation | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) |
pH值 | E_tea | 4.23 ~ 4.93 | 4.54±0.23b | 5.1 |
E1 | 4.47 ~ 5.03 | 4.74±0.17a | 3.6 | |
E20 | 4.44 ~ 5.10 | 4.75±0.20a | 4.2 | |
E50 | 4.34 ~ 6.63 | 4.89±0.68a | 13.9 | |
BD/ (g·cm?3) | E_tea | 1.54 ~ 1.97 | 1.76±0.13a | 7.4 |
E1 | 1.35 ~ 1.63 | 1.49±0.11b | 7.4 | |
E20 | 0.99 ~ 1.30 | 1.11±0.15c | 13.5 | |
E50 | 0.10 ~ 1.29 | 0.99±0.39c | 39.4 | |
SP(%) | E_tea | 14.36 ~ 37.94 | 30.36±5.68c | 18.7 |
E1 | 36.96 ~ 46.62 | 42.2±3.51b | 8.3 | |
E20 | 51.38 ~ 61.24 | 58.43±4.28a | 7.3 | |
E50 | 51.85 ~ 61.24 | 58.49±4.16a | 7.1 | |
SM(%) | E_tea | 12.78 ~ 29.45 | 21.45±0.06a | 0.3 |
E1 | 12.52 ~ 39.98 | 26.92±0.08a | 0.3 | |
E20 | 14.06 ~ 44.86 | 22.54±0.09a | 0.4 | |
E50 | 16.85 ~ 30.02 | 23.36±0.05a | 0.2 | |
TN/ (g·kg?1) | E_tea | 0.66 ~ 1.38 | 0.96±0.22b | 23.5 |
E1 | 0.44 ~ 3.05 | 1.49±0.86ab | 58.0 | |
E20 | 0.59 ~ 2.90 | 1.93±0.88a | 45.4 | |
E50 | 0.80 ~ 3.41 | 1.93±1.02a | 52.9 | |
TP/ (g·kg?1) | E_tea | 0.01 ~ 0.62 | 0.18±0.04a | 20.4 |
E1 | 0.01 ~ 0.11 | 0.06±0.01b | 10.2 | |
E20 | 0.004 ~ 0.10 | 0.03±0.01c | 18.1 | |
E50 | 0.02 ~ 0.63 | 0.12±0.04a | 30.0 | |
TK/ (g·kg?1) | E_tea | 5.71 ~ 32.51 | 16.10±6.73a | 41.8 |
E1 | 3.76 ~ 16.07 | 10.38±3.24b | 31.2 | |
E20 | 7.72 ~ 16.04 | 11.25±2.62b | 23.3 | |
E50 | 2.60 ~ 20.63 | 11.42±4.56b | 40.0 | |
DON/ (mg·kg?1) | E_tea | 4.74 ~ 9.56 | 6.50±1.57b | 24.2 |
E1 | 4.35 ~ 22.99 | 8.38±5.77ab | 68.8 | |
E20 | 4.57 ~ 10.88 | 7.33±2.03ab | 27.7 | |
E50 | 4.68 ~ 13.35 | 8.99±2.56a | 28.5 | |
MBN/ (mg·kg?1) | E_tea | 6.90 ~ 49.49 | 17.10±12.88a | 75.3 |
E1 | 11.10 ~ 41.31 | 23.70±8.07a | 34.1 | |
E20 | 5.58 ~ 33.82 | 21.65±9.09a | 42.0 | |
E50 | 2.41 ~ 75.24 | 26.67±21.97a | 82.4 | |
(mg·kg?1) | E_tea | 0.88 ~ 14.65 | 2.94±1.68a | 57.1 |
E1 | 0.58 ~ 9.97 | 2.57±1.10a | 42.7 | |
E20 | 0.63 ~ 3.32 | 1.78±0.30a | 16.7 | |
E50 | 0.60 ~ 7.88 | 2.41±0.84a | 34.9 | |
(mg·kg?1) | E_tea | 0.03 ~ 5.24 | 2.12±0.69b | 32.3 |
E1 | 0.03 ~ 16.36 | 2.46±1.99ab | 81.1 | |
E20 | 0.03 ~ 0.89 | 0.46±0.11a | 24.5 | |
E50 | 0.03 ~ 9.22 | 1.44±1.12ab | 77.6 |
表3
马尾松林转为茶园后表层土壤碳含量变化①"
土壤碳指标 Carbon indicators | 类型 Type | 最小值 Minimum | 最大值 Maximum | 平均值 Mean | 标准差 SD | 变异系数 CV (%) | 效应值 Effect value (%) | P-value |
TOC/(g·kg?1) | 茶园T_land | 6.26 | 22.58 | 13.25 | 3.87 | 29 | -57.4 | 0.002 |
松林P_land | 9.32 | 61.99 | 31.17 | 14.18 | 45 | |||
DOC/(mg·kg?1) | 茶园T_land | 117.26 | 153.30 | 135.45 | 13.79 | 10 | -48.8 | 0.001 |
松林P_land | 92.70 | 437.60 | 264.78 | 82.85 | 31 | |||
MBC/(mg·kg?1) | 茶园T_land | 138.56 | 463.11 | 283.39 | 106.06 | 37 | -16.9 | 0.585 |
松林P_land | 33.57 | 875.40 | 340.93 | 280.10 | 82 |
图3
采样点表层土壤碳含量与相关因子的冗余分析 E_tea、E1、E20和E50分别表示茶园、林距1 m、林距20 m和林距50 m等4处采样点。E_tea indicates the sampling location inside the tea plantation, while E1, E20, and E50 indicate the sampling locations from 1, 20 and 50 m from the edge of tea plantation toward the forest. TOC:总有机碳 Total organic carbon; DOC:可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon;MBC:微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon;BA:边缘年龄 Boundary age;SM:土壤含水率 Soil moisture;TN:全氮 Total nitrogen;TP:全磷 Total phosphorus;DON:可溶性有机氮 Dissolved organic nitrogen;$ {\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{{-}}\text{-N} $:硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen;LULC:土地利用/覆盖 Land-use and land-cover."
表4
土壤TOC、DOC和MBC含量的逐步回归方程①"
回归方程Regression equation | 标准化回归系数Standardized regression coefficient | Adjust_R2 | P-value |
TOC=11.18+12.80TN+0.82DON?37.59SM? 4.29 LULC(tea)?1.05 | TN=0.817, SM=?0.204, LULC(tea)=?0.132, | 0.877 | <0.001 |
DOC=472.48+48.09TN+8.33DON-9.23 88.8pH+3.04BA?78.81 LULC(tea) | TN=0.510, pH=?0.420, LULC(tea) =?0.401, | 0.766 | <0.001 |
MBC = ?409.24+153.84pH | pH=0.293 | 0.055 | 0.104 |
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