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林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (9): 1-15.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220901

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基于碳收支核算的钱塘江流域森林碳补偿机制

孔凡斌1,2,曹露丹2,徐彩瑶1,2,*   

  1. 1. 浙江农林大学生态文明研究院/浙江省乡村振兴研究院 杭州 311300
    2. 浙江农林大学经济管理学院 杭州 311300
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-03 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2023-01-18
  • 通讯作者: 徐彩瑶
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(Z22D010686);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071283);浙江省哲学社会科学领军人才培育课题暨省哲学社会科学重大项目(21YJRC2ZD);浙江省乡村振兴研究院资助项目“健全能够体现碳汇价值的钱塘江流域公益林生态补偿机制研究”

Compensation Mechanism for Forest Carbon Sink in the Qiantang River Basin Based on Carbon Revenue and Expenditure Accounting

Fanbin Kong1,2,Ludan Cao2,Caiyao Xu1,2,*   

  1. 1. Institute of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang A&F University /Research Academy for Rural Revitalization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300
    2. College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300
  • Received:2022-09-03 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2023-01-18
  • Contact: Caiyao Xu

摘要:

目的: 对2000—2020年钱塘江流域碳收支进行核算,据此计算和模拟2000—2020年钱塘江流域森林碳补偿额度和标准及补偿对象和空间选择,为建立健全能够体现碳汇价值的流域及重点生态功能区森林碳补偿机制提供科学依据和政策参考。方法: 以IPCC清单法为基础构建碳排放核算体系计算钱塘江流域县域单元的碳排放量,采用CASA模型计算钱塘江流域各县域单元的碳吸收量,并利用Arcgis软件分区统计森林碳吸收量,分析森林碳吸收对总碳吸收的贡献。采用碳补偿模型计算钱塘江流域森林碳补偿金额,模拟碳补偿对象及空间选择。结果: 2000—2020年,钱塘江流域碳排放强度两极分化明显,碳排放强度较高地区集中于流域的东北部即余杭区、杭州市市区和萧山区。流域内重要生态功能区碳排放强度较低。与碳排放量相反,流域内经济发达区域碳吸收量较少,杭州市市区的碳吸收量最少。森林碳吸收量对域内总碳吸收量贡献最大,且吸收量呈总体上升趋势。流域内经济发展越好、城市化越快速的县域单元,其森林碳补偿率越低,反之森林碳补偿率越高。常山县、开化县、桐庐县、建德市和淳安县因森林碳收支盈余大而能获得较高的碳补偿额度和标准,临安区、余杭区所获得的补偿额度和标准较低。杭州市市区和萧山区因其森林碳收支赤字大而要付出较大的补偿额度和标准。淳安县、建德市、开化县、常山县、余杭区、临安区、富阳区、桐庐县为森林碳补偿接受区及补偿对象。结论: 钱塘江流域各县域单元经济发展极不平衡,生态承载能力和经济发展能力不匹配,碳供需错配问题严重,需要采取多元化森林碳补偿方法、明确森林碳补偿对象、健全政府补偿与市场补偿的协调机制以及建立基于碳收支核算的国家重要功能区森林保护建设制度等措施,率先建立健全能够体现碳汇价值的流域森林生态保护补偿机制,为全国建立生态系统碳补偿机制提供示范。

关键词: 碳中和, 森林碳汇, 生态补偿, 流域

Abstract:

Objective: To calculate and simulate the compensation standards and targets for forest carbon compensation in the Qiantang River Basin from 2000 to 2020, so as to provide a scientific basis and policy support for the establishment of a sound forest carbon compensation mechanism that can reflect the value of carbon sinks in the basin and key ecological function areas. Method: The IPCC inventory method is used as the basis for constructing a carbon emission accounting system to calculate the carbon emissions of county units in the Qiantang River basin. The CASA model is used to calculate the carbon absorption of each county unit in the Qiantang River basin, and Arcgis software was used to absorption forest carbon absorption by zones and analyse the contribution of forest carbon absorption to total carbon absorption. The carbon compensation model is used to calculate the amount of forest carbon compensation in the Qiantang River basin, and the target and spatial selection of carbon compensation are simulated. Result: Between 2000 and 2020, the carbon emission intensity of the Qiantang River basin is clearly polarized, with the higher carbon emission intensity concentrated in the northeastern part of the basin, namely Yuhang District, Hangzhou City and Xiaoshan District. The important ecological function areas in the basin have a lower carbon emission intensity. In contrast to carbon emissions, the economically developed areas in the basin absorb less carbon, with the urban area of Hangzhou absorbing the least amount of carbon. Forest carbon absorption contributes most to the total carbon sequestration in the basin, and the absorption shows an overall increasing trend. The better the economic development of the county units and the more rapid urbanization, the lower their forest carbon compensation rate, and vice versa the higher the forest carbon compensation rate. Changshan County, Kaihua County, Tonglu County, Jiande City and Chun'an County are able to obtain higher standards for carbon compensation due to their large forest carbon surplus, while Lin'an District and Yuhang District obtain lower compensation standards. Hangzhou City and Xiaoshan District pay a larger amount of compensation due to their large deficits in forest carbon revenues and expenditures. Chun'an County, Jiande City, Kaihua County, Changshan County, Yuhang District, Lin'an District, Fuyang District and Tonglu County are the receiving areas and recipients of forest carbon compensation. Conclusion: The economic development of each county unit in the Qiantang River Basin is extremely unbalanced, with a mismatch between ecological carrying capacity and economic development capacity, and a serious mismatch between carbon supply and demand. It is necessary to take the lead in establishing a sound compensation mechanism for forest ecological protection in the basin that reflects the value of carbon sinks, and provide a model for the establishment of an ecosystem carbon compensation mechanism for the whole country by adopting diversified forest carbon compensation method, clarifying the targets of forest carbon compensation, improving the coordination mechanism between government compensation and market compensation, and establishing a forest protection and construction system for national important functional areas based on carbon revenue and expenditure accounting.

Key words: carbon neutrality, forest carbon sink, ecological compensation, basin

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