林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (7): 111-120.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210712
程元1,梁军1,2,*,谢宪1,姜斌2,冯琳3,孙国文2,张星耀1,2
收稿日期:
2021-01-15
出版日期:
2021-07-25
发布日期:
2021-09-02
通讯作者:
梁军
基金资助:
Yuan Cheng1,Jun Liang1,2,*,Xian Xie1,Bin Jiang2,Lin Feng3,Guowen Sun2,Xingyao Zhang1,2
Received:
2021-01-15
Online:
2021-07-25
Published:
2021-09-02
Contact:
Jun Liang
摘要:
目的: 明确赤松枯梢病与乔木层、灌木层和草本层植物物种的关联性,筛选与赤松枯梢病呈显著关联的植物物种,为通过林分内植物物种组成改造来调控赤松枯梢病提供技术支持。方法: 以昆嵛山赤松天然次生林群落为研究对象,设置120块临时样地进行乔木层、灌木层和草本层植物物种以及赤松枯梢病病情调查,计算各植物物种重要值,应用方差比率法检验赤松枯梢病病情指数与植物物种总体关联性,利用Pearson相关分析和Spearman秩相关分析定量判定病情-植物物种间的关联性。结果: 赤松枯梢病病情与乔灌草植物物种总体关联性均为显著正关联(P < 0.05)。Pearson相关性分析发现赤松枯梢病病情与乔木层赤松和黑松,灌木层胡枝子以及草本层白茅、败酱、宽蕊地榆、木防己、茜草、射干、狭叶珍珠菜、野菊、野青茅和紫花地丁呈显著或极显著正关联(P < 0.05);与乔木层麻栎、山槐、栓皮栎和盐肤木,灌木层大花溲疏和葎叶蛇葡萄,以及草本层灯心草、鹅绒藤、毛秆野古草、香茶菜、杏叶沙参呈显著或极显著负关联(P < 0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析发现赤松枯梢病与乔木层赤松和黑松、灌木层胡枝子和紫穗槐以及草本层白茅、败酱、桔梗、宽蕊地榆、木防己、茜草、射干、狭叶珍珠菜、野菊、野青茅和紫花地丁呈显著或极显著正关联(P < 0.05);与乔木层麻栎、山槐、栓皮栎、水榆花楸和盐肤木,灌木层大果榆、大花溲疏、葎叶蛇葡萄、小花扁担杆和郁李以及草本层灯心草、鹅绒藤、毛秆野古草、香茶菜、杏叶沙参和鸭跖草为显著或极显著负关联(P < 0.05)。2种分析方法结果具有一致性,也存在一定差异,Spearman秩相关分析结果较Pearson相关分析结果更为灵敏。结论: 昆嵛山赤松天然次生林群落中的植物物种与赤松枯梢病形成了稳定的共存状态,其中13种植物物种与赤松枯梢病病情指数呈正关联趋于共存,对赤松枯梢病流行具有促进作用;9种植物物种与赤松枯梢病病原菌呈负关联难以共存,对赤松枯梢病发生发展具有抑制作用。因此,可通过调整林分结构,减少植物群落中与赤松枯梢病病原菌共存植物物种,或增加与赤松枯梢病病原菌难以共存植物物种,达到赤松枯梢病生态调控的目的。
中图分类号:
程元,梁军,谢宪,姜斌,冯琳,孙国文,张星耀. 昆嵛山赤松天然次生林群落植物物种与赤松枯梢病的关联性[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(7): 111-120.
Yuan Cheng,Jun Liang,Xian Xie,Bin Jiang,Lin Feng,Guowen Sun,Xingyao Zhang. Correlation between Plant Species in the Natural Secondary Forest Community of Kunyu Mountains and Shoot Blight of Pinus densiflora[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(7): 111-120.
表1
赤松株枯梢病病害分级标准"
病级 Disease grade | 代表值 Representative value | 植株分级标准 Plant classification standard |
Ⅰ | 0 | 健康无病No disease symptoms |
Ⅱ | 1 | 25%以下枝梢发病 Infected branches are less than 25% |
Ⅲ | 2 | 25%~50%枝梢发病 Infected branches are 25%-50% |
Ⅳ | 3 | 50%~75%枝梢发病 Infected branches are 50%-75% |
Ⅴ | 4 | 75%以上枝梢发病 Infected branches are more than 75% |
表2
乔木物种重要值及其与赤松枯梢病病情指数的Pearson和Spearman秩相关系数①"
乔木Arbor | IV | RP | RS |
赤松Pinus densiflora | 52.598 | 0.235** | 0.334** |
黑松Pinus thunbergii | 13.557 | 0.660** | 0.492** |
麻栎Quercus acutissima | 12.000 | -0.411** | -0.420** |
栓皮栎Quercus variabilis | 9.280 | -0.448** | -0.557** |
山槐Albizia kalkora | 3.779 | -0.424** | -0.524** |
刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia | 2.835 | -0.174 | 0.078 |
盐肤木Rhus chinensis | 1.417 | -0.284** | -0.304** |
华山松Pinus armandii | 1.413 | 0.057 | -0.036 |
杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata | 0.573 | -0.082 | -0.003 |
臭椿Ailanthus altissima | 0.487 | -0.126 | -0.073 |
水榆花楸Sorbus alnifolia | 0.427 | -0.156 | -0.235** |
枹栎Quercus serrata | 0.283 | 0.122 | 0.118 |
楸Catalpa bungei | 0.260 | -0.093 | -0.083 |
日本落叶松Larix kaempferi | 0.208 | 0.099 | 0.110 |
猫乳Rhamnella franguloides | 0.135 | -0.136 | -0.132 |
合欢Albizia julibrissin | 0.128 | 0.056 | 0.077 |
山樱花Cerasus serrulata | 0.127 | -0.140 | -0.132 |
栗Castanea mollissima | 0.086 | 0.133 | 0.127 |
柳杉Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis | 0.078 | 0.133 | 0.127 |
火炬松Pinus taeda | 0.071 | 0.133 | 0.127 |
水杉Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 0.068 | 0.066 | 0.069 |
白檀Symplocos paniculata | 0.064 | -0.105 | -0.105 |
豆梨Pyrus calleryana | 0.064 | -0.118 | -0.137 |
榆树Ulmus pumila | 0.063 | -0.118 | -0.137 |
表3
病情指数的Pearson和Spearman秩相关系数"
灌木Shrub | IV | RP | RS |
花木蓝Indigofera kirilowii | 38.210 | 0.027 | -0.037 |
胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor | 17.097 | 0.259** | 0.265** |
大花溲疏Deutzia grandiflora | 7.324 | -0.192* | -0.206* |
郁李Cerasus japonica | 7.303 | -0.158 | -0.237** |
小花扁担杆Grewia biloba var. parviflora | 6.348 | -0.071 | -0.241** |
青花椒Zanthoxylum schinifolium | 4.632 | -0.088 | 0.080 |
紫穗槐Amorpha fruticosa | 2.608 | 0.155 | 0.243** |
南蛇藤Celastrus orbiculatus | 1.797 | 0.104 | 0.075 |
三桠乌药Lindera obtusiloba | 1.710 | -0.143 | -0.167 |
菝葜Smilax china | 1.606 | -0.139 | -0.139 |
葎叶蛇葡萄Ampelopsis humulifolia | 1.551 | -0.233* | -0.255** |
华东菝葜Smilax sieboldii | 1.345 | -0.078 | -0.042 |
茅莓Rubus parvifolius | 0.958 | -0.099 | -0.140 |
野蔷薇Rosa multiflora | 0.800 | -0.133 | -0.127 |
宜昌荚蒾Viburnum erosum | 0.730 | -0.043 | 0.010 |
垂丝卫矛Euonymus oxyphyllus | 0.600 | -0.014 | -0.017 |
多腺悬钩子Rubus phoenicolasius | 0.507 | -0.124 | -0.137 |
山杏Armeniaca sibirica | 0.434 | -0.149 | -0.167 |
鼠李Rhamnus davurica | 0.433 | 0.066 | -0.002 |
大果榆Ulmus macrocarpa | 0.423 | -0.139 | -0.230* |
女贞Ligustrum lucidum | 0.383 | -0.072 | -0.061 |
毛樱桃Cerasus tomentosa | 0.378 | -0.057 | 0.036 |
山胡椒Lindera glauca | 0.371 | -0.003 | -0.042 |
杭子梢Campylotropis macrocarpa | 0.361 | 0.124 | 0.159 |
一叶萩Flueggea suffruticosa | 0.293 | -0.095 | -0.089 |
忍冬Lonicera japonica | 0.279 | 0.049 | -0.063 |
杜鹃Rhododendron simsii | 0.197 | -0.056 | -0.103 |
葛Pueraria montana | 0.181 | -0.059 | -0.080 |
山葡萄Vitis amurensis | 0.162 | -0.125 | -0.129 |
野线麻Boehmeria japonica | 0.147 | -0.105 | -0.105 |
构树Broussonetia papyrifera | 0.146 | -0.019 | -0.003 |
紫珠Callicarpa bodinieri | 0.111 | 0.066 | 0.069 |
玉兰Yulania denudata | 0.076 | -0.026 | -0.027 |
迎春花Jasminum nudiflorum | 0.072 | 0.118 | 0.106 |
紫荆Cercis chinensis | 0.072 | 0.000 | 0.012 |
艾纳香Blumea balsamifera | 0.071 | -0.105 | -0.105 |
刺五加Eleutherococcus senticosus | 0.071 | 0.118 | 0.106 |
栾树Koelreuteria paniculata | 0.071 | -0.105 | -0.105 |
蒙桑Morus mongolica | 0.071 | 0.066 | 0.069 |
桑Morus alba | 0.071 | 0.000 | 0.012 |
表4
草木物种重要值及其与赤松枯梢病病情指数的Pearson和Spearman秩相关系数"
草本Herb | IV | RP | RS |
大披针苔草Carex lanceolata | 24.191 | 0.136 | 0.120 |
白茅Imperata cylindrica | 11.307 | 0.501** | 0.480** |
宽蕊地榆Sanguisorba applanata | 10.631 | 0.361** | 0.357** |
蕨Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum | 9.131 | 0.131 | 0.067 |
芒Miscanthus sinensis | 6.688 | 0.035 | -0.071 |
鸭跖草Commelina communis | 5.326 | -0.088 | -0.244** |
灯心草Juncus effusus | 3.697 | -0.261** | -0.242** |
野青茅Deyeuxia pyramidalis | 3.120 | 0.419** | 0.436** |
杏叶沙参Adenophora petiolata subsp.hunanensis | 2.941 | -0.222* | -0.200* |
败酱Patrinia scabiosifolia | 2.638 | 0.471** | 0.551** |
野菊Chrysanthemum indicum | 2.146 | 0.440** | 0.524** |
木防己Cocculus orbiculatus | 2.077 | 0.323** | 0.365** |
叉分蓼Polygonum divaricatum | 1.609 | -0.165 | -0.176 |
狭叶珍珠菜Lysimachia pentapetala | 1.460 | 0.254** | 0.210* |
桔梗Platycodon grandiflorus | 1.135 | 0.174 | 0.266** |
徐长卿Cynanchum paniculatum | 0.856 | -0.099 | -0.101 |
求米草Oplismenus undulatifolius | 0.831 | 0.037 | 0.064 |
如意草Viola arcuata | 0.620 | -0.144 | -0.051 |
阿拉伯黄背草Themeda triandra | 0.589 | 0.067 | 0.094 |
毛秆野古草Arundinella anomala | 0.574 | -0.209* | -0.218* |
紫花地丁Viola philippica | 0.535 | 0.252** | 0.284** |
苣荬菜Sonchus wightianus | 0.425 | -0.035 | 0.117 |
费菜Phedimus aizoon | 0.415 | -0.178 | -0.165 |
茜草Rubia cordifolia | 0.396 | 0.246** | 0.224* |
射干Belamcanda chinensis | 0.348 | 0.180* | 0.206* |
鹅绒藤Cynanchum chinense | 0.332 | -0.128 | -0.184* |
沙参Adenophora stricta | 0.312 | -0.069 | -0.080 |
天门冬Asparagus cochinchinensis | 0.312 | -0.096 | -0.088 |
鬼针草Bidens pilosa | 0.309 | -0.088 | 0.049 |
麦冬Ophiopogon japonicus | 0.290 | -0.113 | -0.156 |
瓦松Orostachys fimbriata | 0.258 | 0.008 | 0.017 |
小蓬草Erigeron canadensis | 0.247 | 0.052 | 0.147 |
石竹Dianthus chinensis | 0.242 | -0.043 | -0.074 |
苍术Atractylodes Lancea | 0.204 | 0.096 | 0.018 |
香茶菜Isodon amethystoides | 0.197 | -0.155 | -0.206* |
铁线莲Clematis florida | 0.192 | 0.158 | 0.109 |
长蕊石头花Gypsophila oldhamiana | 0.169 | 0.011 | 0.074 |
狼尾花Lysimachia barystachys | 0.168 | -0.109 | -0.094 |
轮叶党参Codonopsis lanceolata | 0.159 | 0.123 | 0.137 |
八宝Hylotelephium erythrostictum | 0.156 | -0.028 | 0.015 |
艾Artemisia argyi | 0.143 | 0.089 | -0.008 |
萝藦Metaplexis japonica | 0.141 | 0.134 | 0.160 |
黄瓜假还阳参Crepidiastrum denticulatum | 0.137 | 0.081 | 0.099 |
穿山薯蓣Discorea nipponica | 0.134 | -0.019 | -0.020 |
商陆Phytolacca acinosa | 0.125 | -0.105 | -0.105 |
有斑百合Lilium concolor var. pulchellum | 0.125 | 0.023 | 0.032 |
山姜Alpinia japonica | 0.095 | 0.026 | 0.052 |
香青Anaphalis sinica | 0.090 | -0.094 | -0.088 |
白莲蒿Artemisia stechmanniana | 0.089 | -0.128 | -0.149 |
地胆草Elephantopus scaber | 0.089 | -0.046 | -0.080 |
玉竹Polygonatum odoratum | 0.085 | 0.059 | 0.092 |
孩儿参Pseudostellaria heterophylla | 0.064 | -0.105 | -0.105 |
铃兰Convallaria majalis | 0.064 | 0.000 | 0.012 |
藿香Agastache rugosa | 0.060 | -0.118 | -0.137 |
小红菊Chrysanthemum chanetii | 0.060 | 0.079 | 0.077 |
紫参Rubia yunnanensis | 0.058 | -0.092 | -0.081 |
荻Miscanthus sacchariflorus | 0.056 | -0.026 | -0.027 |
何首乌Fallopia multiflora | 0.056 | -0.105 | -0.105 |
马兰Aster indicus | 0.056 | -0.132 | -0.154 |
刺儿菜Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium | 0.052 | 0.105 | 0.098 |
大丁草Gerbera anandria | 0.050 | -0.105 | -0.105 |
狗娃花Aster hispidus | 0.049 | 0.118 | 0.106 |
透骨草Phryma leptostachya subsp. asiatica | 0.049 | 0.145 | 0.137 |
栝楼Trichosanthes kirilowii | 0.048 | -0.013 | -0.009 |
茅叶荩草Arthraxon prionodes | 0.048 | -0.118 | -0.137 |
牡蒿Artemisia japonica | 0.047 | 0.066 | 0.069 |
獐牙菜Swertia bimaculata | 0.047 | -0.092 | -0.081 |
北柴胡Bupleurum chinense | 0.046 | -0.040 | -0.044 |
麦瓶草Silene conoidea | 0.046 | 0.066 | 0.069 |
山芹Ostericum sieboldii | 0.046 | -0.118 | -0.137 |
苋Amaranthus tricolor | 0.046 | 0.133 | 0.127 |
车轴草Galium odoratum | 0.044 | -0.105 | -0.105 |
点地梅Androsace umbellata | 0.044 | 0.131 | 0.118 |
芥菜Brassica juncea | 0.044 | -0.118 | -0.137 |
蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum | 0.044 | 0.118 | 0.106 |
千里光Senecio scandens | 0.044 | 0.118 | 0.106 |
野草莓Fragaria vesca | 0.044 | 0.133 | 0.127 |
防风Saposhnikovia divaricata | 0.042 | -0.105 | -0.105 |
华东蓝刺头Echinops grijsii | 0.041 | 0.105 | 0.098 |
香丝草Erigeron bonariensis | 0.041 | -0.040 | -0.044 |
星宿菜Lysimachia fortunei | 0.041 | -0.105 | -0.105 |
烟管头草Carpesium cernuum | 0.041 | -0.013 | -0.009 |
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