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林业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (2): 98-109.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180211

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

纳帕海典型湿地土壤真菌群落特征的积水条件和干湿季节变化

陆梅1,2, 田昆3, 孙向阳1, 任玉连2, 王行3, 彭淑娴2   

  1. 1. 北京林业大学林学院 北京 100083;
    2. 西南林业大学生态与水土保持学院 昆明 650224;
    3. 国家高原湿地研究中心 昆明 650224
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-09 修回日期:2018-01-10 出版日期:2018-02-25 发布日期:2018-03-30
  • 基金资助:
    林业公益性行业科研专项"林业废弃物基质化研制技术与应用"(201504205);国家自然科学基金面上项目"滇西北典型高原湿地退化规律与机理研究"(40971285);云南省应用基础研究面上项目"高原湿地纳帕海不同水位梯度土壤微生物特征研究"(2013-FB053);云南省科技创新人才计划"高原湿地科学省创新团队"项目(2012HC007)。

Variation of Soil Fungal Community Characteristics of Typical Wetland in Napahai between Dry Wet Seasons under Different Waterlogging Conditions

Lu Mei1,2, Tian Kun3, Sun Xiangyang1, Ren Yulian2, Wang Hang3, Peng Shuxian2   

  1. 1. College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083;
    2. College of Ecology and Soil & Water Conservation, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224;
    3. National Plateau Wetlands Research Center Kunming 650224
  • Received:2017-08-09 Revised:2018-01-10 Online:2018-02-25 Published:2018-03-30

摘要: [目的]研究不同积水条件下纳帕海典型湿地干湿季节土壤真菌多样性和群落结构特征,为高原湿地退化过程中土壤微生物生态学机制的理解提供数据支撑,为高原湿地的保护与恢复提供数据和理论依据。[方法]选择纳帕海高原湿地不同积水条件的3种典型湿地(沼泽湿地、沼泽化草甸和草甸),采用Illumina高通量测序技术,研究0~20 cm土层土壤真菌群落干湿季节动态特征,并结合冗余分析(RDA)探讨积水条件不同所引起的土壤理化性质改变对土壤真菌多样性和群落结构的影响。[结果]1)高通量测序,共检测到土壤真菌5门29纲54属。积水条件显著影响土壤真菌群落的组成和结构,随湿地土壤水分减少,土壤真菌优势群落组成从未知菌群转变为子囊菌,未知菌群相对丰度从85.26%(干季)和66.27%(湿季)分别减少至5.63%(干季)和6.43%(湿季),子囊菌相对丰度从9.9%(干季)和10.57%(湿季)分别增加至71.11%(干季)和52.07%(湿季)。从干季到湿季,纳帕海湿地未分类真菌减少,已知分类真菌增多,优势菌纲从6个增至8个。2)真菌群落多样性在不同积水条件的典型湿地间和干湿季节间均存在差异(P<0.05),在3种典型湿地间表现为无积水草甸显著高于常年积水沼泽湿地和季节性积水沼泽化草甸,在季节变化上表现为湿季 > 干季,其中沼泽化草甸季节性变化最明显。3)积水条件显著影响高原湿地土壤理化性质,土壤含水量及有机质、全氮、水解性氮和全钾含量在干湿季节均表现为沼泽湿地 > 沼泽化草甸 > 草甸,且湿季 > 干季。4)经RDA和Pearson相关性分析可知,无论干季或湿季,土壤含水量及有机质、全氮和水解性氮含量是影响不同积水条件下高原湿地真菌群落结构的主要因子。[结论]人为排干所引起的湿地水文条件变化可显著改变纳帕海高原湿地的土壤理化性质,从而导致土壤真菌群落组成、结构及多样性发生变化。

关键词: 纳帕海高原湿地, 积水条件, 真菌群落结构, 高通量测序

Abstract: [Objective] The purpose of this paper was to investigate characteristics of the soil fungal diversities and community structures in dry and wet seasons under different waterlogging conditions in Napahai plateau wetland, in order to provide data support for understanding the ecological mechanisms of soil microbial during the process of plateau wetland degradation and provide data and theoretical basis for the protection and restoration of plateau wetland.[Method] Three typical wetlands (swamp wetland with perennial waterlogging SWPW, swamp meadow with seasonal waterlogging SMSW and meadow without waterlogging MW) under different waterlogging conditions in Napahai wetland were targeted. We used high-throughput sequencing technology to study dynamic characteristics of soil fungi community in dry and wet seasons, and we applied RDA analysis to explore effects of soil physical and chemical properties on soil fungal diversities and community structures caused by different water conditions.[Result] 1) We found soil fungi totally 54 genera in 29 classes and 5 phylum of soil fungi by high-throughput sequencing, and waterlogging conditions significantly influenced the composition and structure of soil fungi. With the decrease in waterlogging condition of the wetland soil, the soil fungi composition shifted from unclassified fungi to Ascomycota, the abundance of unclassified fungi decreased from 85.26% and 66.27% to 5.63% and 6.43% in dry season and wet season, respectively, while the abundance of Ascomycota increased from 9.9% and 10.57% to 71.11% and 52.07%, respectively. From the dry season to the wet season, unclassified fungi decreased and classified fungi increased in Napahai, with the dominant fungi classes increased from 6 to 8. 2) There was a significant difference in fungi community diversity between different waterlogging conditions (P<0.05) and between dry and wet seasons (P<0.05). The diversity of MW was significantly higher than that of SWPW and SMSW, and higher diversity was presented in the wet season than in the dry season, particularly for SMSW. 3) Waterlogging conditions significantly affected soil physical and chemical properties of plateau wetland (P<0.05). In both dry and wet seasons, soil organic matter, TN, water content, AN, and TK were featured with the tendency of the highest portion in the SWPW, seconded by that in SMSW, and the lowest in MW, and content of those substance were higher in the wet season than that in the dry season.4) RDA and Pearson correlation analysis showed that water content, organic matter, TN and AN and TK were the main factors that significantly influenced soil fungi community structures in dry and wet seasons under different waterlogging conditions.[Conclusion] Wetland hydrological changes caused by drainage significantly changed the wetland soil physical and chemical properties, which led to changes in the composition, structure and diversity of soil fungi. The results would provide scientific evidence for the study of soil microbial structure and its ecological process in the degraded plateau wetland.

Key words: Napahai plateau wetland, waterlogging condition, fungi community structure, high-throughput sequencing

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