锥栗开花授粉生物学特性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20141006

林业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (10): 42-48.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20141006

锥栗开花授粉生物学特性

范晓明¹, 袁德义¹, 唐静¹, 田晓明², 张旭辉¹, 王碧芳¹, 谭晓风¹

1. 中南林业科技大学经济林育种与栽培国家林业局重点实验室经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室长沙 410004;
2. 湖南省森林植物园长沙 410116

收稿日期:2013-10-11 修回日期:2014-09-01 出版日期:2014-10-25 发布日期:2014-11-12
通讯作者: 袁德义
基金资助:
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题"板栗和锥栗高效生产关键技术研究与示范"(2013BAD14B04);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2014B331)。

Biological Characteristics of Flowering and Pollination in Castanea henryi

Fan Xiaoming¹, Yuan Deyi¹, Tang Jing¹, Tian Xiaoming², Zhang Xuhui¹, Wang Bifang¹, Tan Xiaofeng¹

1. Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Product of State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004;
2. Hunan Forest Botanical Garden Changsha 410116

Received:2013-10-11 Revised:2014-09-01 Online:2014-10-25 Published:2014-11-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过田间调查、花粉离体萌发、石蜡切片和人工授粉等试验手段对锥栗的开花动态、花粉活力、柱头可授性、风媒传粉特性和授粉特性等进行研究。结果表明: 锥栗雌花群体分化时间约40天,单花分化时间约22天,柱头可授性持续期为7天; 雄花序4—5月开花,群体花期23~26天,群体盛花期13~15天,单花序花期10~12 天,开花后6天内花粉保持较高活力。风媒传粉是锥栗传粉的主要途径,风速和风向是影响锥栗传粉的主要气象因素,顺风方向上花粉的传播距离及花粉通量显著高于其他3个方向。锥栗在去雄套袋且不进行人工授粉的处理下未坐果,表明锥栗不存在无融合生殖; 异交授粉坐果率均显著高于自交,表明异交能显著提高锥栗坐果率,生产上需配置授粉树。

关键词: 锥栗, 开花动态, 柱头可授性, 风媒传粉

Abstract:

A field investigation, and erperiments of pollen germination in vitro, paraffin sectioning and artificial pollination were conducted to study flowering dynamics, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, characteristics of wind pollination and pollen germination of Castanea henry. The results showed that the differentiation time of female flowers in C. henryi was about 40 days, and the differentiation time of a single flower was about 22 days. The stigma receptivity duration was 7 days. The male inflorescence bloomed from April to May, and spanned about 23 - 26 days. The life span of individual male inflorescence was approximately 10 - 12 days. Within 6 days after flowering, the inflorescence maintained the highest pollen viability. Anemophily was the main pollination process of C. henryi, and wind speed and direction were the main meteorological factors affecting the pollination. With emasculation bagging, and without artificial pollination, C. henryi had not fruit. This result indicated that C. henryi did not occur apomixis. The artificial pollination experiment showed that outcrossing could significantly increase the fruiting rate of C. henryi, thus the pollination tree should be configured in the field.

Key words: Castanea henryi, flowering dynamics, stigma receptivity, anemophily

中图分类号:

S718.4

范晓明, 袁德义, 唐静, 田晓明, 张旭辉, 王碧芳, 谭晓风. 锥栗开花授粉生物学特性[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(10): 42-48.

Fan Xiaoming, Yuan Deyi, Tang Jing, Tian Xiaoming, Zhang Xuhui, Wang Bifang, Tan Xiaofeng. Biological Characteristics of Flowering and Pollination in Castanea henryi[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(10): 42-48.

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锥栗开花授粉生物学特性

Biological Characteristics of Flowering and Pollination in Castanea henryi

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