环志数据揭示秦皇岛田鹀的种群动态和迁徙时序

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240690

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究田鹀的种群数量变化和迁徙模式，为该物种的种群动态评估和保护管理提供科学依据。方法: 基于秦皇岛鸟类环志站1999—2020年的田鹀环志数据，对田鹀在22年间的种群动态和迁徙时序进行分析。使用Berger-Parker优势度指数反映单位环志下田鹀的网捕数量，以此衡量年度种群数量指数。结果: 连续22年共网捕环志田鹀5 257只。迁徙途经秦皇岛的田鹀种群呈波动态势，但总体呈现显著的增长。田鹀春季迁徙的进程显著快于秋季，22年间秋季迁徙时间呈现延迟趋势。成鸟春季迁徙早于亚成鸟，雌雄个体的两季迁徙时间没有显著差异。结论: 秦皇岛田鹀环志网捕数量在22年间显著增长，与迁徙路线上的整体种群数量变化趋势相反，其原因可能是气候变化导致更多的个体向北扩散到秦皇岛越冬。田鹀雌雄个体在春季存在差异迁徙现象，秋季迁徙则受气候变化的影响出现延迟趋势。

关键词: 田鹀, 秦皇岛, 种群动态, 迁徙时序, 环志

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the population changes and migration patterns of Emberiza rustica (rustic bunting), so as to provide a scientific basis for assessing population dynamics and developing conservation management strategies for this species. Method: The data from the Qinhuangdao Bird Banding Station from 1999 to 2020 were used to analyze the population dynamics and migration timing of rustic buntings. The Berger-Parker dominance index was employed to reflect the number of rustic buntings captured per unit net catch effort, thereby measuring the annual population size index. Result: A total of 5257 rustic buntings were netted over the 22 consecutive years. The results indicated that the population of rustic buntings migrating through Qinhuangdao exhibited a notable growth trajectory though with fluctuations. The migration process of rustic buntings in spring was significantly faster than that in autumn, and the autumn migration phenology exhibited a delayed trend. The adults migrated earlier than sub-adults in spring, and there was no significant difference in the migration timing between male and female birds in the two seasons. Conclusion: Over the 22 years, the number of rustic buntings captured via mist-netting in Qinhuangdao has significantly increased, which contrasts with the overall population trend along the migration route. The reason for this regional increasing trend may be that climate change has led to the northward expansion of more individuals to Qinhuangdao for wintering. Male and female rustic buntings exhibit differential migration patterns in spring, while their autumn migration is delayed due to the influence of climate change.

Key words: Emberiza rustica, Qinhuangdao, population dynamics, migration timing, bird banding

中图分类号:

李佳,张剑,杨金光,刘冬平. 环志数据揭示秦皇岛田鹀的种群动态和迁徙时序[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(11): 132-137.

Jia Li,Jian Zhang,Jinguang Yang,Dongping Liu. Banding Data Reveals Population Dynamics and Migration Timing of Emberiza rustica in Qinhuangdao[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(11): 132-137.

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