林业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 128-142.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210609
郑光楠1,杨秀好2,韦曼丽3,郑霞林1,*
收稿日期:
2021-08-16
出版日期:
2023-01-25
发布日期:
2023-02-24
通讯作者:
郑霞林
基金资助:
Guangnan Zheng1,Xiuhao Yang2,Manli Wei3,Xialin Zheng1,*
Received:
2021-08-16
Online:
2023-01-25
Published:
2023-02-24
Contact:
Xialin Zheng
摘要:
目的: 明确广西松褐天牛成虫种群动态规律及其与林分和气象因子的相关性,为其预测预报及防治提供技术支撑。方法: 2019—2020年基于松褐天牛APF-I诱芯和ZM-80B型诱捕器,采用动态监测法研究了广西桂东、桂北、桂西、桂南和桂中地区松褐天牛成虫种群动态,并分析其与纬度、林内/林缘、海拔、郁闭度、树龄、坡度和是/非松材线虫病疫区等林分因子及月均气温、月均最高气温、月均最低气温、月均湿度、月均最小相对湿度、月均降雨量和月均日照时数等气象因子的相关性。结果: 松褐天牛成虫在桂东、桂西、桂南和桂中地区一年中有1~3个发生高峰期,1—2月可诱捕到成虫,而桂北地区一年仅有1个发生高峰期,1—2月份未诱捕到成虫。桂东、桂北、桂西、桂南、桂中成虫的始见期分别为1月上旬、4月上旬、2月上旬、1月上旬和2月下旬,年发生盛期分别为3月中旬至9月中下旬、4月中旬至7月下旬、3月下旬至8月上旬、3月下旬至8月中下旬和4月上旬至8月中下旬,终见期分别为12月下旬、11月上旬、12月下旬、12月下旬和11月下旬。桂中地区诱捕到的雌虫数量显著高于其他4个地区,桂东、桂西和桂中地区诱捕到的雄虫数量显著高于桂南和桂北。除桂西地区外,其他4个不同地理区域诱捕到的松褐天牛雌虫数量均显著多于雄虫。位于林内的诱捕器诱捕到的雌虫和雄虫数量均显著高于林缘地带。纬度、海拔、树龄和是否为松材线虫病疫区与诱捕量间无显著相关性;郁闭度与雄虫及坡度与雌虫年诱捕量呈显著负相关性。广西松褐天牛成虫种群动态规律与月均气温、月均最高气温、月均最低气温呈显著正相关。结论: 广西松褐天牛成虫一年中有1~3个发生高峰期,其中桂东地区一年中有2个成虫发生高峰期,桂北、桂南和桂中地区一年中有1个成虫发生高峰期,桂西地区一年中有3个成虫发生高峰期;林间成虫发生期较长;林分因子对其种群发生量的影响均较小,但气象因子中的气温显著影响其种群发生量。
中图分类号:
郑光楠,杨秀好,韦曼丽,郑霞林. 广西松褐天牛成虫种群动态规律及其与林分和气象因子相关性[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(1): 128-142.
Guangnan Zheng,Xiuhao Yang,Manli Wei,Xialin Zheng. Population Dynamics of Monochamus alternatus Adults in Guangxi and Its Correlation with Pine Stand and Meteorological Factors[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(1): 128-142.
表1
2019—2020年广西松褐天牛监测点概况"
地区Region | 样点(镇级) Sampling sites(town) | 经度 Longitude | 纬度 Latitude | 诱捕器位置(数量)及海拔 Site(number) and altitude of trap | 郁闭度 Canopy | 树龄 Tree age | 坡度 Inclination/(°) | 松林面积 Area/hm2 | 诱捕器数量 Number of traps |
桂东 Eastern Guangxi | 大业镇** Daye town | 118.18°E | 22.89°N | 林内(6个) In forest(6) 132~190 m | 0.6~0.7 | 25~30 | 20~29 | 1 090.87 | 6 |
旺甫镇** Wangpu town | 111.40° E | 23.64°N | 林内(8个,5个)、林缘(2个,1个) In forest(8, 5), Edge of forest(2, 1) 37~143 m | 0.6~0.7 | 23~25 | 5~17 | 8 677.13 | 10、6 | |
莲塘镇** Liantang town | 111.65° E | 24.44°N | 林内(6个) In forest(6) 130~182 m | 0.3~0.5 | 15~30 | 30 | 1 851.93 | 6 | |
博白林场** Bobai forest farm | 110.11° E | 22.12°N | 林内(—,5个) In forest(—, 5) 157~203 m | 0.75~0.8 | 25 | 7~25 | 3 914.67 | 5 | |
石南镇** Shinan town | 109.86° E | 22.72°N | 林内(6个) In forest(6) 80~150 m | 0.7 | 30 | 30~35 | 3 379.8 | 6 | |
桂北 Northern Guangxi | 灵田镇** Lingtian town | 110.44° E | 25.35°N | 林内(—,3个)、林缘(—,3个) In forest(-, 3), Edge of forest(-, 3) 196~202 | 0.6~0.7 | 16~20 | 2~15 | 6 265 | 6 |
全州镇** Quanzhou town | 111.00° E | 25.96°N | 林内(6个) In forest(6) 163~178 m | 0.6~0.7 | 40~50 | 8~15 | 2 795.93 | 6 | |
桂西 Western Guangxi | 凤旁林场 Fengpang forest farm | 107.08° E | 24.53°N | 林内(0,2个)、林缘(6个,4个) In forest(0, 2), Edge of forest(6, 4) 602~647 m | 0.7~0.8 | 14~15 | 45 | 481.4 | 6 |
安阳镇 Anyang town | 108.11° E | 23.89°N | 林内(3个,3个)、林缘(3个,5个) In forest(3, 3), Edge of forest(3, 5) 155~171 m | 0.6~0.8 | 25 | 18~20 | 385.73 | 6、8 | |
百林林场 Bailin forest farm | 106.64° E | 23.90°N | 林内(6个) In forest(6) 210~296 m | 0.6 | 24~25 | 15~20 | 1 812.53 | 6 | |
潞城乡* Lucheng town | 106.10° E | 24.50°N | 林内(3个) In forest(3) 406~985 m | 0.8 | 9 | 20~40 | 4 997.47 | 3 | |
乐里镇* Leli town | 106.21° E | 24.29°N | 林内(3个) In forest(3) 380~460 m | 0.6 | 35 | 23~28 | 1 138.33 | 3 | |
八达镇 Bada town | 105.09° E | 24.50°N | —725~836 m | 0.4 | 26~29 | 16~26 | 1 680.4 | 6 | |
桂南 Southern Guangxi | 府城镇* Fucheng town | 108.25° E | 23.49°N | 林内(6个) In forest(6) 186~234 m | 0.5~0.6 | 16~30 | 22~27 | 472.2 | 6 |
南圩镇 Nanxu town | 107.64° E | 23.12°N | 林内(6个) In forest(6) 123~154 m | 0.65~0.7 | 16~30 | 5~18 | 1 544.8 | 6 | |
桃城镇** Taocheng town | 107.24° E | 22.84°N | 林内(6个) In forest(6) 294~326 m | 0.6 | 30 | 0 | 807 | 6 | |
上降乡** Shangxiang town | 106.24° E | 22.20°N | 林内(—,1个)、林缘(—,5个) In forest(—, 1), Edge of forest(—, 5) 142~171 m | 0.7~0.8 | — | 2~25 | 492.2 | 6 | |
夏石镇 Xiashi town | 106.87° E | 23.02°N | 林内(6个) In forest(6) 218~219 m | 0.8 | 20~30 | 25~20 | 2 279.13 | 6 | |
泉水镇** Quanshui town | 109.26° E | 21.56°N | 林缘(10个,7个) Edge of forest(10, 7) 42 m | 0.4~0.8 | 10~20 | 15 | 839.8 | 10、7 | |
佛子镇** Fozi town | 129.40° E | 22.42°N | 林缘(6个) In forest(6) 110 m | 0.8 | 12 | 30 | 4 855.53 | 6 | |
思阳镇 Siyang town | 107.97° E | 22.20°N | 林内(6个) In forest(6) 421~462 m | 0.7 | 16 | 20 | 7 231.47 | 6 | |
武陵镇 Wuling town | 108.88° E | 23.13°N | 林内(1个)、林缘(9个) In forest(1), Edge of forest(9) 145~240 m | 0.8 | 28 | 10~53 | 836.6 | 10 | |
桂中 Central Guangxi | 长安镇 Changan town | 109.44° E | 25.36°N | 林内(6个) In forest(6) 131~154 m | 0.6~0.9 | 25~30 | 0~20 | 851.47 | 6 |
桐木镇** Tongmu town | 110.06° E | 24.26°N | 林内(1个);林缘(5个) In forest(1), Edge of forest(5) 185~263 m | 0.6~0.7 | 20~25 | 15~36 | 930.6 | 6 | |
凉水山林场** Liangshuishan forest farm | 109.12° E | 24.71°N | 林内(2个);林缘(4个) In forest(2), Edge of forest(4) 98~133 m | 0.6~0.8 | 15~20 | 0~20 | 1 233.07 | 6 |
表2
广西松褐天牛种群动态规律与气象因子的相关性①"
性状Character | Y1 | Y2 | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 |
Y1 | — | — | 0.628 | 0.613 | 0.627 | 0.248 | 0.072 | 0.424 | 0.086 |
Y2 | — | — | 0.634 | 0.626 | 0.632 | 0.243 | 0.022 | 0.384 | 0.42 |
X1 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.993 | 0.996 | 0.178 | -0.138 | 0.476 | 0.046 | |
X2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.980 | 0.119 | -0.225 | 0.425 | 0.039 | |
X3 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.231 | -0.067 | 0.514 | 0.050 | |
X4 | 0.006 | 0.008 | 0.051 | 0.197 | 0.110 | 0.878 | 0.503 | 0.097 | |
X5 | 0.437 | 0.808 | 0.132 | 0.014 | 0.465 | 0.001 | 0.396 | 0.087 | |
X6 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.020 | |
X7 | 0.350 | 0.645 | 0.618 | 0.671 | 0.587 | 0.294 | 0.020 | 0.825 |
表3
广西主要气象因子相关矩阵的特征向量及主成分的方差贡献率和累计方差贡献率①"
主成分 Principal components | 特征向量 Eigenvectors | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 贡献率 Proportion(%) | 累计贡献率 Cumulative(%) | ||||||
X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | ||||
F1 | 0.962 | 0.938 | 0.974 | 0.392 | 0.087 | 0.670 | 0.08 | 3.372 | 48.175 | 48.175 |
F2 | -0.250 | -0.324 | -0.185 | 0.869 | 0.969 | 0.430 | 0.131 | 2.098 | 29.978 | 78.153 |
F3 | 0.009 | 0.014 | 0.004 | -0.033 | -0.038 | -0.132 | 0.986 | 0.992 | 14.170 | 92.323 |
F4 | 0.102 | 0.108 | 0.098 | 0.24 | 0.136 | -0.59 | -0.068 | 0.461 | 6.579 | 98.902 |
F5 | 0.033 | -0.041 | 0.077 | -0.18 | 0.180 | -0.02 | -0.002 | 0.074 | 1.053 | 99.955 |
F6 | 0.001 | 0.037 | -0.035 | -0.009 | 0.014 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.042 | 99.997 |
F7 | -0.012 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 100 |
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