4种典型林业剩余物基生物炭理化性质对不同热解温度的响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250108

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探讨不同原料来源及热解温度对林业剩余物生物炭理化性质的影响机制，旨在为定向制备林业剩余物基生物炭提供理论依据。方法: 选用杨树、桉树、杉木和马尾松枝条为原料，分别在300、400、500和600 ℃热解温度下制备生物炭。利用扫描电镜、X射线多晶衍射等方法对生物炭进行表征，分析孔隙结构及表面官能团等理化特性。结果: 热解温度对林业剩余物基生物炭的理化性质造成显著差异。随着热解温度从300 ℃升至600 ℃，杨树、桉树、杉木和马尾松枝条生物炭产率均呈下降趋势。杉木枝条生物炭在600 ℃时的比表面积达到最大值449.65 m²·g^–1，同时其微孔孔容和微孔比表面积也达到最大值。以杉木和马尾松为原料制备的生物炭具有较高的比表面积和孔隙度，相比之下，以杨树和桉树为原料制备的生物炭则较低。马尾松与杉木生物炭热重分析曲线趋势一致，其中300 ℃条件下制备的生物炭热稳定性最差，600 ℃条件下稳定性最佳。此外，杉木和马尾松生物炭的XRD图谱中CaCO₃衍射峰较弱，表明其方解石含量和结晶度均较低。结论: 本研究阐明了4种典型林业剩余物基生物炭对不同热解温度的响应机制，揭示了热解温度和原料类型是影响林业剩余物基生物炭产率和理化性质的关键因素。通过对热解温度和原料的有效调控，可以定向制备不同功能的林业剩余物基生物炭，以满足不同领域对生物炭性能的特定需求，为林业剩余物的资源化利用提供新的途径。

关键词: 生物炭, 热解温度, 理化特性, 林业剩余物

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the influence mechanism of different raw material sources and pyrolysis temperatures on the physicochemical properties of forest residue biochar, providing a theoretical basis for the directional preparation of forest residue-based biochar. Method: In this study, branches of Populus spp. (poplar), Eucalyptus robusta (eucalyptus), Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir), and Pinus massoniana (masson pine) were selected as raw materials, and biochar was prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 400, 500, and 600 ℃. The biochar was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and other methods to analyze its physicochemical properties such as pore structure and surface functional groups. Result: The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature significantly affected the physicochemical properties of the biochar derived from forest residues. As the pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 ℃ to 600 ℃, the yield of biochar from the branches of poplar, eucalyptus, Chinese fir, and masson pine all showed a decreasing trend. The biochar from Chinese fir branches had the highest specific surface area of 449.65 m²·g^–1 at 600 ℃, with the largest micropore volume and micropore-specific surface area. Biochar produced from Chinese fir and masson pine had higher specific surface areas and porosity, while biochar from poplar and eucalyptus had lower specific surface area and porosity. The thermal loss behavior of biochar from masson pine and Chinese fir was similar, showing that the biochar prepared at 300 ℃ had the poorest thermal stability, while that prepared at 600 ℃ had the best stability. In addition, the XRD spectra of biochar from Chinese fir and masson pine showed weak diffraction peaks of CaCO₃, indicating that their calcite content and crystallinity were relatively low. Conclusion: This study elucidates the response mechanisms of four typical biochars from different forest residues to different pyrolysis temperatures. It also reveals that both pyrolysis temperature and raw material type are key factors affecting the biochar yield and physicochemical properties. By effectively controlling the pyrolysis temperature and raw materials, biochar with different functions can be tailored to meet the specific needs of various fields, providing a new pathway for the resource utilization of forest residues.

Key words: biochar, pyrolysis temperature, physicochemical property, forest residues

中图分类号:

S789.3

韩婉禛,刘蕾,成洁,孙启武,董玉红,厚凌宇,张润哲. 4种典型林业剩余物基生物炭理化性质对不同热解温度的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(11): 138-149.

Wanzhen Han,Lei Liu,Jie Cheng,Qiwu Sun,Yuhong Dong,Lingyu Hou,Runzhe Zhang. Response of Physicochemical Properties of Four Typical Forest Residue-based Biochars to Different Pyrolysis Temperatures[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(11): 138-149.

图/表 8

表1

四种典型林业剩余物基生物炭产率、比表面积、孔径及孔体积分析"

热解原料 Pyrolysis raw material	热解温度Pyrolysis temperature/℃	产率 Yield (%)	比表面积Specific surface area/(m²·g^?1)	总孔容 Total pore volume/ (cm³·g^?1)	平均孔径Average aperture/ nm	微孔比表面积Microporous specific surface area/(m²·g^?1)	微孔孔容Pore volume /(cm³·g^?1)
杨树枝条 Branches of Populus spp.	300	50.28	1.01	0.2326	9.43	1.02	—
	400	35.75	1.93	0.4442	5.75	1.90	0.001
	500	30.41	52.87	12.1470	2.43	53.15	0.020
	600	21.87	348.35	80.0340	1.80	341.32	0.139
桉树枝条 Branches of Eucalyptus robusta	300	67.21	0.90	0.2072	13.73	0.88	—
	400	34.86	2.73	0.6274	5.02	2.73	0.001
	500	28.42	150.42	34.5590	2.10	151.67	0.062
	600	27.53	271.85	62.4590	1.90	273.24	0.112
杉木枝条 Branches of Cunninghamia lanceolata	300	59.48	0.90	0.2061	11.61	0.90	0.001
	400	37.30	0.90	0.2059	3.67	0.86	0.001
	500	30.04	377.23	86.6700	1.88	379.61	0.156
	600	28.12	449.65	103.3100	1.76	444.85	0.181
马尾松枝条 Branches of Pinus massoniana	300	70.51	0.10	0.2290	10.38	0.97	—
	400	32.74	19.18	4.4063	2.20	19.35	0.008
	500	28.75	241.33	55.4460	1.86	241.00	0.098
	600	26.79	440.47	101.2000	1.73	446.33	0.175
红花籽渣 Seeds of Carthamus tinctorius （Ang?n et al.，2013）	600	73.24	249.30	0.1510	2.42	61.60	0.077
	700	50.01	491.90	0.2490	2.02	68.00	0.169
	800	35.24	772.00	0.3580	1.85	70.70	0.278
	900	29.06	801.50	0.3930	1.96	94.70	0.284
小麦秸秆 Straws of Triticum aestivum （Khan et al.，2022）	300	53.50	16.10	0.0400	1.85	0.96	—
	400	26.11	300.43	0.1800	2.31	249.58	0.106
	500	16.00	—	0.0200	2.77	—	—
	600	15.05	513.51	0.3200	2.47	381.44	0.162
玉米秸秆 Straws of Zea mays （叶协锋等，2017）	200	63.00	2.21	0.0130	4.13	—	—
	300	35.01	13.78	0.0300	2.60	—	—
	400	26.90	107.01	0.1020	2.12	60.82	0.020
	700	15.00	92.17	0.0537	2.33	57.05	0.025
花生壳 Shells of Arachis hypogaea （付仲毅等，2018）	300	31.09	1.28	0.5880	1.85	0.69	—
	400	25.00	3.32	0.0100	1.54	0.867	—
	500	15.18	13.88	4.7040	1.85	6.04	0.003
	600	8.50	90.79	1.6140	1.61	37.66	0.027
水稻秸秆 Straws of Oryza sativa （Shin et al.，2021）	300	35.00	4.21	0.0070	4.15	0.96	—
	400	24.00	9.14	0.0260	13.99	2.21	0.001
	500	15.01	13.13	0.0180	13.38	1.29	0.001
	600	15.00	12.28	0.0160	14.00	1.18	0.001
水稻壳 Shells of Oryza sativa （林贵英，2017）	350	31.20	11.52	0.0358	3.33	—	—
	450	29.60	89.39	0.0474	2.45	—	—
	550	26.70	207.24	0.1016	2.63	96.34	0.042
	650	24.60	250.96	0.1269	2.67	122.27	0.054
毛竹枝条 Branches of Phyllostachys edulis （董庆，2015）	400	32.10	50.66	0.0235	2.82	—	—
	500	28.20	164.50	0.0772	2.54	76.40	0.034
	600	25.40	273.20	0.1286	2.47	133.44	0.059
	700	22.40	334.63	0.1716	2.63	164.88	0.074
棉秆 Straws of Gossypium hirsutum （Yuan et al.，2022）	400	28.70	125.60	0.0560	1.90	56.30	0.024
	500	24.10	210.30	0.0910	1.70	112.60	0.048
	600	20.20	272.60	0.1310	1.60	145.80	0.065
	700	17.10	305.20	0.1620	1.60	163.20	0.076
柳树枝条 Branches of Gossypium hirsutum （Cheng et al.，2024）	400	32.80	221.50	0.1010	2.60	112.30	0.049
	500	27.90	320.10	0.1520	2.30	172.80	0.074
	600	23.50	380.40	0.1960	2.10	205.40	0.089
	700	20.20	410.30	0.2280	2.00	224.30	0.099
榛子枝条 Branches of Corylus heterophylla （刘若纳等，2019）	500	32.10	85.70	0.0420	2.30	—	—
	600	28.70	156.80	0.0780	2.60	46.90	0.018
	700	25.30	234.50	0.1120	2.90	98.40	0.041
	800	22.10	276.30	0.1310	3.20	120.70	0.051
松木枝条 Branches of Pinus （李燕等，2020）	400	48.21	126.27	0.0650	2.76	14.19	0.058
	500	40.34	352.87	0.1790	2.79	209.53	0.106
	600	35.25	589.29	0.2970	—	—	—
	700	31.24	742.58	0.3620	2.56	361.43	0.167

表1

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图6

图7

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