关键词: 雷击火, 森林防火, 瞭望塔, 可视性, 呼中地区

Abstract:

Objective: The Huzhong area of the Daxing’anling Mountains is a region with a high incidence of lightning wildfires in China, and lookout tower monitoring is the most important means for fire prevention and control. In this study, we analyzed and evaluated the lookout tower monitoring system in the Huzhong area, in order to improve the local lookout tower layout and construction, and effectively enhance the local forest fire prevention and control capability. Method: In this study, Huzhong area of the Daxing’anling Mountains was targeted. Based on the geographical information data, the visibility of the existing 36 lookout towers in Huzhong area was analyzed by using ArcGIS, Origin and other analysis tools. In addition, the fire monitoring capability of the lookout towers was also evaluated combine with the historical forest fire data from 1990 to 2020 in the study area. Result: More than 96% of the forest fires in the study area were caused by lightning wildfires, most of which occurred from noon to evening in summer. The southern part of Huzhong National Nature Reserve, the central part of Huyuan forest farm, the western, central and northern part of Huzhong forest farm, and the junction of Bisui forest farm and Huzhong forest farm were the areas with high incidence of lightning wildfires. Lightning wildfires were mostly distributed on the gentle slope, southeast slope and south slope of the mountain with an altitude of 700?1 100 m. The overall visibility of the lookout tower system in Huzhong area was good, and the visibility of the lookout tower system between different forest farms was basically the same. However, there were significant differences in visibility between the individual lookout towers, among which the visibility level of each lookout tower in Huzhong National Nature Reserve was relatively high and the most average. Overlay analysis showed that 72.73% of forest fires fell in the visible area of the lookout tower, while the fires that fell in the monitoring blind area were mainly distributed in the southwest of Huzhong Forest Farm and the southeast of Bishui Forest Farm. There was a significant difference in the slope direction of fires that fell in the visible and invisible areas of the lookout tower. The former was mainly distributed in the southeast and south slope, while the latter was mainly distributed in the north, northeast and east slope. Conclusion: The overall visibility level of the lookout tower system in Huzhong area is good, higher than the national average level. However, the visibility of individual lookout towers varies greatly, and there are obvious monitoring blind areas. In particular, the fire monitoring ability at shady and semi-shady slopes is relatively weak, which needs to be strengthened.

Key words: lightning wildfire, forest fire prevention, lookout tower, visibility, Huzhong area