腐烂病菌、溃疡病菌侵染早期新疆杨叶片组织光合响应特征的比较

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210912

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究杨树腐烂病菌和溃疡病菌胁迫下新疆杨的光合响应特征，探讨新疆杨在2种病菌胁迫下的响应差异，为阐明杨树腐烂病和溃疡病发生的病理生理机制提供理论依据，也为杨树溃疡类病害的控制提供参考。方法: 以1年生新疆杨为植物材料，采用枝干表皮微环割方法接种杨树腐烂病菌及溃疡病菌，研究接种后3~9天的新疆杨叶片气体交换特征及叶绿素荧光特征，比较2种病害真菌胁迫下的光合响应特征、水分利用效率（WUE）的差异。采用回归分析方法分析净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO₂浓度等指标之间的关系。结果: 接种后3~9天，腐烂病菌、溃疡病菌均显著抑制新疆杨叶部组织净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光系统Ⅱ的最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、实际光化学效率、电子传递效率以及光化学淬灭系数等生理参数。腐烂病菌胁迫显著降低新疆杨水分利用效率，但是溃疡病菌胁迫对水分利用效率没有影响。腐烂病菌改变新疆杨的气孔导度-胞间CO₂浓度的相关关系，在气孔导度极低的情况下诱导胞间CO₂浓度显著增加，腐烂病菌主要以非气孔限制方式抑制新疆杨的光合作用。溃疡病菌不改变新疆杨的气孔导度-胞间CO₂浓度的相关关系，胞间CO₂浓度与气孔导度正相关，溃疡病菌以气孔限制方式抑制光合作用。结论: F_v/F_m并不能反映植物遭受的所有生物胁迫，F_v/F_m为0.75~0.85也不能作为植物未受到环境胁迫的确切标准。杨树腐烂病、溃疡病发生早期，新疆杨气体交换及叶绿素荧光特征具有显著差别。相比较于溃疡病菌，腐烂病菌胁迫对新疆杨光合作用具有更大的抑制作用，腐烂病菌显著降低而溃疡病菌胁迫不改变新疆杨叶片WUE，这可能是腐烂病害比溃疡病害更易于在干旱地区发生以及该地区腐烂病危害更为严重的重要生理原因。

关键词: 新疆杨, 光合作用, 气孔限制, 非气孔限制, 最大光化学效率, 水分利用效率, 病菌

Abstract:

Objective: In this paper, we studied the photosynthetic response characteristics of Populus alba var. pyramidalis infected with Valsa canker disease and blister canker disease, explored the response differences under the stress of two pathogens, to reveal the pathophysiological mechanism, so as to provide theoretical and experimental basis for the control of poplar canker diseases. Method: In this study, one-year-old P. alba var. pyramidalis saplings were inoculated by V. sordida and Botryosphaeria dothidea pathogens by using a epidermal girdling method, to investigate the physiological responses of the gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics. The differences of photosynthetic response characteristics and water use efficiency (WUE) were compared between the V. sordida- and B. dothidea-inoculated saplings. Correlations analysis was used to reveal the relationships between the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (Tr) and C_i(intercellular CO₂ concentration). Result: In 3-9 days after inoculation, V. sordida and B. dothidea significantly inhibited the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (Tr), F_v/ F_m, Ф_PSⅡ, ETR and q_p of PSⅡ of poplar saplings. Moreover, V. sordida significantly declined the water use efficiency (WUE), but B. dothidea did not affected WUE. V. sordida changed the G_s-C_i relationship in pathogen infected saplings and increased the C_i at a very low level of G_s. V. sordida inhibited the photosynthesis mainly through the non-stomatal limitation pathway. However, B. dothidea did not change the G_s-C_i relationship in pathogen infected saplings, the C_i is positively correlated with G_s and B. dothidea inhibited photosynthesis through stomatal limitation pathway. Conclusion: This study has revealed that the change of F_v/F_m cannot reflect all the environmental stresses that the host plant encountered, and F_v/F_m= 0.75-0.85 is not a good criterion for the disease inspection. There are significantly differences in the photosynthetic, gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic between B. dothidea and V. sordida canker diseases. Pathogen V. sordida has more severe inhibition on the photosynthesis than pathogen B. dothidea. V. sordida significantly decreases the WUE, while B. dothidea did not change the WUE of poplar saplings, which may be an important physiological reason that poplar Valsa canker disease has more severe damage than Botryosphaeria canker disease does in the arid and semi-arid region of north-west China.

Key words: Populus alba var. pyramidalis, photosynthesis, stomatal limitation, non-stomatal limitation, F_v/F_m, WUE, pathogen

中图分类号:

S714

邢军超,张一南,石焱,李金鑫,李敏,申宛娜,王黎,赵嘉平. 腐烂病菌、溃疡病菌侵染早期新疆杨叶片组织光合响应特征的比较[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(9): 121-129.

Junchao Xing,Yinan Zhang,Yan Shi,Jinxin Li,Min Li,Wanna Shen,Li Wang,Jiaping Zhao. Comparisons of Photosynthetic Response and Characteristics in Leaves of Populus alba var. pyramidalis Infected by the Stem Canker Pathogen Valsa sordida and Botryosphaeria dothidea at Early Stage[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(9): 121-129.

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