黑老虎果实发育及种子油脂积累规律

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220042

林业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (2): 75-85.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220042

黑老虎果实发育及种子油脂积累规律

何铁定^1,^2,^3,⁴,邵凤侠^1,^2,³,张赛阳^1,^2,³,陈娟^1,^2,³,杨昌宏⁵,王森^1,^2,^3,*

1. 中南林业科技大学“一带一路”热带干旱经济林工程技术研究中心　长沙 410004
2. 湖南省"一带一路"热带干旱经济林国际联合研究中心　长沙 410004
3. 国家林业和草原局经济林育种与栽培重点实验室　长沙 410004
4. 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心　分宜 336600
5. 通道黑老虎中药材专业合作社　怀化 418500

收稿日期:2022-01-25 出版日期:2023-02-25 发布日期:2023-04-27
通讯作者: 王森
基金资助:
湖南省重点研发计划：中国-巴基斯坦热带干旱经济林种质资源研究与利用(2022WK2021)；中南林业科技大学校长特别基金：黑老虎新品种选育研究(2019-1)

Fruit Development and Seed Oil Accumulation of Kadsura coccinea

Tieding He^1,^2,^3,⁴,Fengxia Shao^1,^2,³,Saiyang Zhang^1,^2,³,Juan Chen^1,^2,³,Changhong Yang⁵,Sen Wang^1,^2,^3,*

1. Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Arid Non-Wood Forest for the Belt and Road of Central South University of Forestry and Technology　Changsha 410004
2. International Joint Research Center of Tropical Arid Non-Wood Forest for the Belt and Road of Hunan Province　Changsha 410004
3. Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration　Changsha 410004
4. Experimental center of subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry　Fenyi 336600
5. Kadsura coccinea Traditional Chinese Medicine Professional Cooperative　Huaihua 418500

Received:2022-01-25 Online:2023-02-25 Published:2023-04-27
Contact: Sen Wang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究黑老虎果实发育及种子油脂积累规律，可为其果实发育期的栽培管理和种子油脂的开发利用提供理论基础。方法: 观测黑老虎果实发育的8个不同时期果实和种子表型、横纵径、形状指数；并利用索氏抽提法、激光共聚焦显微镜观察法和气相色谱法，观测种子含油量、油体形状和分布、脂肪酸组分。结果: 黑老虎果实发育期为110天左右，发育期分为青果期（14 ~ 56 DAF）、转色期（56 ~ 84 DAF）、红果期（84 ~ 112 DAF）3个阶段（DAF：花后天数）。果实和种子的横纵径、质量生长曲线均呈单“S”型变化规律，符合Logistic回归模型，决定系数高达0.967 2 ~ 0.998 6。14 ~ 98 DAF为果实生长期，横纵径和质量快速增加，成熟时果实横径为115.99 mm、纵径为105.65 mm、单果质量为526.08 g；14 ~ 84 DAF为种子生长期，成熟时黑老虎种子横径为12.38 mm、纵径为14.26 mm、种子百粒质量为47.85 g。种子油脂积累规律呈“慢—快—慢”变化，青果期积累缓慢、转色期快速积累、红果期积累减缓，油脂积累方程为y = 56.261 2 · (1+ $ {\mathrm{e}}^{6.582\;1-0.102t} $ ) ^?1。黑老虎种子油体呈圆球形，随着种子发育逐渐体积变大、数量增多逐渐充满整个细胞。油脂积累过程中共检出16种脂肪酸，以棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸为主，其中亚油酸含量最高。成熟的黑老虎种子含油量高达55.51 g·(100g)^?1，不饱和脂肪酸占比77.10%，亚油酸相对含量为66.88%，属于优质的植物油脂。结论: 黑老虎果实发育规律、种子油脂积累规律均符合Logistic回归模型，Logistic方程能反映果实发育和油脂积累情况，对果实生产具有重要的指导意义。黑老虎种子含油量高、油体形状规则、油脂品质好，其作为植物食用油具有巨大的潜力和开发价值。

关键词: 黑老虎, 果实发育, 油脂积累, 油体, 脂肪酸组成

Abstract:

Objective: Research on fruit development and seed oil accumulation of Kadsura coccinea can provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and management of fruit development and the development and utilization of seed oil. Method: In this study, the phenotype, transverse diameter and shape index of fruits and seeds were observed at 8 different stages of fruit development of K. coccinea. The Soxhlet extraction, laser confocal microscopy and gas chromatography methods were used to observe and determine the oil content, oil body shape and distribution as well as fatty acid composition of the seeds. Result: The fruit development period of K. coccinea was about 110 days, which was able to be divided into three stages: green fruit stage (14?56 DAF, days after flowing), color turning stage (56?84 DAF), and red fruit stage (84?112 DAF). The growth curves of horizontal diameter, vertical diameter and mass of fruits and seeds showed a single "S" shape, which was in line with the Logistic regression model, with the determination coefficient as high as 0.967 2?0.998 6. From 14 to 98 DAF was the fruit growth period, and the horizontal diameter, vertical diameter and mass increased rapidly. At maturity, the horizontal diameter of fruit was 115.99 mm, the vertical diameter of fruit was 105.65 mm, and the mass of single fruit was 526.08 g. From 14 to 84 DAF was the seed growth period. At maturity, the horizontal diameter of seed was 12.38 mm, the vertical diameter of seed was 14.26 mm, and the mass of 100-seed was 47.85 g. The oil accumulation rule of seeds was "slow-fast-slow". The accumulation was slow at green fruit stage, rapid accumulation at color change stage, and slow accumulation at red fruit stage. The oil accumulation equation wasy = 56.261 2 · (1+ $ {\mathrm{e}}^{6.582\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }1-0.102t} $ ) ^?1. The seed oil body ofK. coccinea was spherical, and the volume became larger and the number increased, and gradually filled the whole cell with the development of seeds. A total of 16 fatty acids were detected during oil accumulation, mainly palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, with the highest content of linoleic acid. The oil content of mature seeds of K. coccinea was up to 55.51 g·100 g^?1, in which unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 77.10%, and the relative content of linoleic acid was 66.88%, belonging to high quality vegetable oils. Conclusion: The patterns of fruit development and seed oil accumulation of K. coccinea conform to the Logistic regression model. The Logistic equation can reflect the situation of fruit development and oil accumulation, which has important guiding significance for fruit production. K. coccinea seed has high oil content, regular oil shape and high oil quality, so that it has great potential and development value as plant edible oil.

Key words: Kadsura coccinea, fruit development, oil accumulation, oil body, fatty acid composition

中图分类号:

S565.9

何铁定,邵凤侠,张赛阳,陈娟,杨昌宏,王森. 黑老虎果实发育及种子油脂积累规律[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(2): 75-85.

Tieding He,Fengxia Shao,Saiyang Zhang,Juan Chen,Changhong Yang,Sen Wang. Fruit Development and Seed Oil Accumulation of Kadsura coccinea[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(2): 75-85.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

表2

黑老虎种子发育期脂肪酸组分及相对含量①"

脂肪酸Fatty acids	14 DAF	28 DAF	42 DAF	56 DAF	70 DAF	84 DAF	98 DAF	112 DAF
辛酸Caprylic acid	0.78±0.05a	0.73±0.04ab	0.67±0.04b	0.50±0.04c	0.40±0.05d	0.33±0.02d	0.13±0.01e	0.11±0.01e
癸酸Capric acid	1.84±0.13a	1.79±0.13a	1.93±0.2 3a	1.94±0.14a	1.86±0.22a	1.15±0.1b	0.94±0.07b	1.05±0.05b
十三碳酸Tridecanoic acid	2.56±0.21abc	2.36±0.1c	2.57±0.23abc	2.93±0.22ab	2.99±0.14a	2.52±0.25bc	1.23±0.06d	1.35±0.06d
肉豆蔻酸Myristic acid	1.99±0.09e	2.16±0.13de	2.6±0.25c	2.53±0.21cd	3.14±0.13b	3.63±0.25a	3.04±0.04b	3.25±0.03ab
十五碳酸Pentadecanoic acid	0.17±0.01c	0.28±0.02b	0.14±0.01c	0.42±0.01a	0.18±0.01c	0.29±0.02b	0.45±0.04a	0.31±0.03b
十五碳一烯酸Pentadecenoic acid	0.33±0.02cd	0.39±0.04ab	0.31±0.02d	0.15±0.01e	0.38±0.01abc	0.34±0.02bcd	0.38±0.02abc	0.42±0.02a
棕榈酸Palmitic acid	38.59±1.88a	36.56±1.98a	28.85±1.92b	22.12±1.24c	18.02±1.03d	15.87±1.41de	13.06±1.23e	13.04±0.34e
棕榈油酸Palmitoleic acid	0.56±0.04a	0.41±0.02b	0.34±0.02c	0.17±0.01d	0.15±0.01d	0.04±0.00e	0.03±0.00e	0.03±0.00e
十七碳酸Heptadecanoic acid	4.52±0.48a	3.74±0.21b	2.37±0.25c	2.39±0.16c	0.41±0.02d	0.43±0.04d	0.34±0.01d	0.33±0.03d
十七碳一烯酸Heptadecenoic acid	1.60±0.11a	0.98±0.02b	0.59±0.05cd	0.61±0.06c	0.19±0.03f	0.24±0.03f	0.46±0.05de	0.45±0.04e
硬脂酸Stearic acid	11.27±0.15c	13.9±0.57b	15.44±1.21a	11.92±0.56c	5.57±0.44d	3.01±0.16e	3.30±0.16e	3.14±0.14e
油酸Oleic acid	0.51±0.03d	1.33±0.05d	3.98±0.3c	6.31±0.45b	6.31±0.46b	7.15±0.46b	8.16±0.36a	9.03±0.67a
亚油酸Linoleic acid	23.62±1.57e	28.43±1.6de	35.49±1.29d	46.10±2.81c	59.69±3.63b	64.38±4.76ab	67.88±3.78a	66.88±4.36ab
亚麻酸Linolenic acid	10.96±0.34a	6.45±0.66b	4.23±0.14c	1.52±0.08d	0.42±0.02e	0.18±0.01e	0.28±0.02e	0.28±0.03e
花生酸Arachidic acid	—	—	—	0.08±0.01a	0.05±0.01b	0.08±0.02a	0.04±0.00bc	0.03±0.00c
花生烯酸Eicosenoic acid	0.70±0.03a	0.49±0.02b	0.49±0.04b	0.31±0.01cd	0.25±0.02d	0.36±0.03c	0.29±0.01d	0.31±0.02cd
饱和脂肪SFA	63.44±2.75a	62.01±2.53a	55.06±2.76b	45.16±1.27c	32.82±2.81d	27.59±0.65de	22.78±0.91e	22.90±1.87e
单不饱和脂肪MUFA	2.98±0.23e	3.11±0.08e	5.22±0.4d	7.32±0.87c	6.96±0.51c	7.82±1.21bc	9.05±0.09ab	9.95±1.08a
多不饱和脂肪PUFA	33.58±2.48d	34.88±1.96d	39.72±1.34d	47.52±3.45c	60.21±3.49b	64.59±4.11ab	68.16±2.97a	67.15±4.19ab

表2

表3

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性状 Character	模型方程 Model equation	相关系数 Correlationcoefficient (R)	决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R²)	F	P
果实横径Horizontal diameter of fruit	$y=\dfrac{126.653\;9}{1+{\mathrm{e} }^{1.415\;3-0.035\;416t} }$	0.998 3	0.996 6	728.842 8	0.000 1
果实纵径 Vertical diameter of fruit	$y=\dfrac{112.462\;9}{1+{\mathrm{e} }^{1.277\;6-0.035\;976t} }$	0.999 2	0.998 5	1614.518 3	0.000 1
单果质量 Single fruit mass	$y=\dfrac{556.410\;3}{1+{\mathrm{e} }^{4.067\;2-0.064\;480t} }$	0.999 2	0.998 6	1818.989 0	0.000 1
种子横径 Horizontal diameter of seed	$y=\dfrac{12.395\;1}{1+{\mathrm{e} }^{0.874\;6-0.037\;442t} }$	0.983 5	0.967 2	73.683 3	0.000 2
种子纵径 Vertical diameter of seed	$y=\dfrac{14.166\;3}{1+{\mathrm{e} }^{0.925\;1-0.060\;233t} }$	0.992 4	0.984 9	162.518 8	0.000 1
种子百粒质量 100-seed mass	$y=\dfrac{54.921\;5}{1+{\mathrm{e} }^{1.462\;1-0.030\;949t} }$	0.994 5	0.989 1	226.978 0	0.000 1

	棕榈酸Palmitic acid	硬脂酸Stearic acid	油酸Oleic acid	亚油酸Linoleic acid	亚麻酸Linolenic acid	饱和脂肪酸SFA	单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA	多不饱和脂肪酸PUFA
棕榈酸Palmitic acid	1
硬脂酸Stearic acid	0.561	1
油酸Oleic acid	?0.663	?0.759	1
亚油酸Linoleic acid	?0.926**	?0.882*	0.725	1
亚麻酸Linolenic acid	0.754	0.524	?0.851*	?0.822	1
饱和脂肪酸SFA	0.917**	0.804**	?0.741	?0.905*	0.317	1
单不饱和脂肪酸 MUFA	?0.837	?0.752	0.902**	0.459	?0.826	?0.905*	1
多不饱和脂肪酸 PUFA	?0.910**	?0.813*	0.815	0.935**	?0.834	?0.963**	0.837	1

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黑老虎果实发育及种子油脂积累规律

Fruit Development and Seed Oil Accumulation of Kadsura coccinea

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