香榧假种皮开裂过程中组织结构、细胞壁代谢的变化

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220314

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究香榧假种皮开裂过程中细胞壁代谢及结构的变化，为进一步探明假种皮的开裂机制和探寻促进假种皮开裂的措施提供理论依据。方法: 在种实的不同发育时期内，测定香榧假种皮的开裂率和硬度的变化，分析细胞壁组分及相关降解酶活性的变化，结合石蜡解剖结构的观察，揭示假种皮细胞壁代谢与结构变化在开裂过程中的作用；通过测定香榧种实乙烯释放率的变化，并利用外源乙烯利/乙烯作用抑制剂（1-甲基环丙烯，1-MCP）处理分析乙烯在假种皮开裂过程中的作用，探讨乙烯与假种皮开裂的关系。结果: 1）从134~154 DASP（DASP：突破种鳞后的天数），香榧假种皮的开裂率增加了10倍，硬度降低了61%，假种皮厚度增加了43%；假种皮开裂时（154 DASP），假种皮中靠近内表皮层的树脂道细胞群与其相邻树脂道细胞群之间的薄壁细胞降解，呈分离状态，且中间薄壁细胞层与内表皮层之间存在明显的分离层。2）从134~154 DASP，假种皮的水溶性果胶（WSP）总体上呈增加趋势，而CDTA可溶性果胶（SSP）和Na₂CO₃可溶性果胶（CSP）则呈降低趋势，其相关降解酶果胶甲酯酶（PME）和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）活性均呈增加趋势，且PME和PG与硬度均呈显著负相关。3）从134~154 DASP，香榧种实的乙烯释放率呈先增后降的趋势，且外源喷施乙烯利溶液可显著提高香榧假种皮的开裂率，降低其硬度，且乙烯释放率的变化与其开裂率、硬度分别呈显著正相关和显著负相关。结论: 香榧种实从134 DASP开始逐渐进入开裂期，其假种皮的开裂是由内表皮层和中间薄壁细胞层共同作用发生的；假种皮的开裂与其果胶的代谢密切相关，乙烯的释放可促进开裂的发生。

关键词: 香榧, 开裂, 假种皮结构, 细胞壁代谢, 乙烯

Abstract:

Objective: The aril cracking of Torreya grandis cv. ‘Merrilii’ (T. grandis) is an important process for obtaining its seeds. The cracking period of T. grandis aril is long, which leads to high harvesting cost. This study aims to study the changes of cell wall metabolism and structure of T. grandis aril during the different growth stages, and provide theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of aril cracking and exploring measures to promote aril cracking. Method: During the different development stages of seeds, the changes of the cracking rate and firmness of T. grandis aril were measured, and the changes in cell wall components and its related degradation enzyme activity were also analyzed. Combined with anatomic structure observation of aril at different growth stages, the role of cell wall metabolism and structural changes in the cracking process was investigated. The ethylene production rate of T. grandis seeds was measured during growth stages, and the role of ethylene in the cracking process of aril was explored by using the inhibitor of ethephon/ethylene (1-methylcyclopropylene, 1-MCP), and the relationship between ethylene and the cracking of the aril was analyzed. Result: 1) From 134?154 days after the seeds protrusion (DASP), the cracking rate of aril inT. grandis significantly increased by 10 times, the firmness significantly decreased by 61%, and thickness of aril increased by 43%. When arils were cracking (154 DASP), there were obvious separation layers between the resin canal near the inner epidermis and its nearby resin canal, as well as between the middle parenchyma cell layer and the inner epidermis. 2) From 134?154 DASP, the water-soluble pectin (WSP) in aril significantly increased, while the CDTA soluble pectin (SSP) and Na₂CO₃ soluble pectin (CSP) significantly decreased, and the activities of related degradation enzymes, such as pectin methyl esterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) showed a significant increasing trend. In addition, PME and PG activities were negatively correlated with its firmness. 3) From 134?154 DASP, the ethylene production rate ofT. grandis seeds showed an increased at first and then decreased trend, and the spraying of ethephon solution was able to significantly increase the cracking rate of T. grandis aril, and decrease firmness. There was significantly positive correlation between ethylene production rate and cracking rate, or negative correlation between ethylene production rate and firmness. Conclusion: T. grandis aril starts to gradually go into cracking stage since 134 DASP, and the cracking of T. grandis aril is affected by the inner epidermis layer and the parenchyma cell layer. Besides, the cracking of aril is closely related to the metabolism of pectin and ethylene production.

Key words: Torreya grandis, cracking, the anatomic structure of aril, cell wall metabolism, ethylene

中图分类号:

S718.43

沈家怡,吴翠萍,姚佳,吴家胜,张瑞,胡渊渊. 香榧假种皮开裂过程中组织结构、细胞壁代谢的变化[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(2): 86-95.

Jiayi Shen,Cuiping Wu,Jia Yao,Jiasheng Wu,Rui Zhang,Yuanyuan Hu. Changes of Anatomic Structure and Cell Wall Metabolism of Torreya grandis cv. ‘Merrilii’ Aril during Cracking[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(2): 86-95.

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指标 Index	开裂率 Cracking rate （%）	硬度 Firmness/ （N·cm^?2）	PG活性 PG activity/ （U·g^?1 FW）	CX活性 CX activity/ （U·g^?1 FW）	PME活性 PME activity/ （U·g^?1 FW）	POD活性 POD activity/ （U·g^?1 FW）
开裂率 Cracking rate（%）	—	?0.975*	0.946	0.913	0.987*	0.956*
硬度 Firmness/（N·cm^?2）	?0.975*	—	?0.974*	?0.951*	?0.964*	?0.871
乙醇不溶物 AIR/（mg·g^?1FW）	?0.554	0.481	?0.283	?0.194	?0.415	?0.678
纤维素 Cellulose/（mg·g^?1AIR）	0.907	?0.924	0.986*	0.992**	0.958*	0.780
水溶性果胶 WSP/（mg·g^?1AIR）	0.686	?0.577	0.689	0.692	0.770	0.714
Na₂CO₃可溶性果胶 CSP/（mg·g^?1AIR）	?0.184	-0.020	0.122	0.198	?0.110	?0.464
CDTA可溶性果胶 SSP/（mg·g^?1AIR）	?0.925	0.914	?0.802	?0.746	?0.851	?0.904
半纤维素 Hemicellulose/（mg·g^?1AIR）	?0.851	0.850	?0.944	?0.958*	?0.925	?0.739
木质素 Lignin/（mg·g^?1AIR）	0.689	?0.539	0.604	0.584	0.740	0.789

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