毛竹林土壤呼吸及组分对氮磷添加的非对等响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210943

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究毛竹林土壤呼吸及组分对氮添加、磷添加及其二者交互效应的响应差异，揭示生物和非生物因子在调控土壤呼吸中的作用，为评价养分添加影响毛竹林土壤碳排放过程及模型预测提供科学依据。方法: 以缺磷型毛竹林为对象，2017年6月采用林下喷施方式隔月进行氮（10 g?m^?2a^?1）和磷（10 g?m^?2a^?1）添加，设置对照（CK）、单一氮添加（N）、单一磷添加（P）和氮磷共添加（N + P）4个处理，2017年9月—2018年8月采用Li-8100土壤碳通量系统测量土壤总呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率，并测定土壤温度（T）、湿度（SM）、细根和土壤化学性质、细根生物量及土壤微生物特征。结果: 氮磷添加均未改变毛竹细根生物量，对土壤自养呼吸速率无显著影响，氮添加显著增加土壤可利用氮含量、磷添加降低土壤真菌和细菌生物量比值分别是氮磷添加抑制土壤异养呼吸速率的主要原因。氮磷添加对土壤自养呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率均存在交互作用。氮磷添加的交互效应对土壤总呼吸速率无显著影响，但磷添加显著增加土壤总呼吸速率。模型R = ae^bT × SM^c可较好解释T和SM与R的协同变异，P处理降低T和SM调控R的决定系数。N、P和N + P处理降低土壤总呼吸Q₁₀（CK = 2.64、N = 2.54、P = 2.10、N + P = 2.39）和土壤异养呼吸Q₁₀（CK = 2.32、N = 2.03、P = 1.94、N + P = 1.75），但N和N + P处理增加土壤自养呼吸Q₁₀（CK = 2.80、N = 2.95、P = 2.44、N + P = 4.35）。结论: 缺磷型毛竹林土壤自养呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率对氮磷添加主效应及二者交互效应存在非对等响应，预测未来毛竹林土壤碳排放时应充分考虑土壤自养呼吸和异养呼吸对氮、磷添加响应的差异性。

关键词: 毛竹, 土壤自养呼吸, 土壤异养呼吸, 氮磷添加, 非对等响应

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, a field experiment was set up to explore the response of soil respiration rates (R) and its components to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) addition and their interaction, and this study aimed to reveal the role of biotic and abiotic factors in regulating R and provide a scientific basis for the carbon cycling and model prediction of nutrient addition in Phyllostachys edulis forest ecosystem. Method: Nitrogen and phosphorus were added every two months by spraying them under the canopy in a phosphorus deficient bamboo forest from June 2017. Four treatments were conducted, including control（CK）, nitrogen addition（N）, phosphorus addition（P） and nitrogen and phosphorus addition together（N + P）. Soil total respiration rates and soil heterotrophic respiration rates were measured with Li-8100 from September 2017 to August 2018. At the same time, the soil temperature （T）, soil moisture （SM）, fine root and soil properties, fine root biomass and soil microbial properties were measured. Result: Both nitrogen and phosphorus addition did not significantly change fine root biomass of Ph. edulis, and thus had no significant impact on soil autotrophic respiration rate. However, nitrogen and phosphorus addition significantly decreased soil heterotrophic respiration rate , which were attributed to the increment of soil availability nitrogen content by nitrogen addition and decline of ratio of fungi biomass to bacteria biomass by phosphorus, respectively. The nitrogen and phosphorus addition had significant interactive effect on soil autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration rates. The phosphorus addition significantly increased the soil total respiration rate, while N addition as well as interactive effect of N addition and P addition did not significantly affect the soil total respiration rate. The model （R = ae^bT × SM^c） was able to explain the synergistic variation of T and SM in regulating R. P treatment reduced the determined coefficient of T and SM in regulating R. N, P and N + P treatments significantly reduced temperature sensitivity of soil total respiration（CK = 2.64, N = 2.54, P = 2.10, N + P = 2.39）and soil heterotrophic respiration（CK = 2.32, N = 2.03, P = 1.94, N + P = 1.75）, but increased temperature sensitivity of soil autotrophic respiration （CK = 2.80, N = 2.95, P = 2.44, N + P = 4.35）. Conclusion: The soil autotrophic respiration and heterotrophic respiration of phosphorus deficient Ph. edulis forest have asymmetrical responses to N and P addition and their interaction, and the different responses to nutrient addition should be fully considered when predicting soil carbon emission of P deficient Ph. edulis forest in the future.

Key words: Phyllostachys edulis, soil autotrophic respiration, soil heterotrophic respiration, N and P addition, asymmetric response

中图分类号:

王一,栾军伟,陈琛,刘世荣. 毛竹林土壤呼吸及组分对氮磷添加的非对等响应[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(7): 54-64.

Yi Wang,Junwei Luan,Chen Chen,Shirong Liu. Asymmetric Response of Soil Respiration and Its Components to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition in Phyllostachys edulis Forest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(7): 54-64.

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处理 Treatment	密度 Stand density/ (culm?hm^?2)	平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm	坡度 Slope/(°)	海拔 Altitude/m
CK	4725±350a	9.61±0.10a	<5	896.5
N	4650±325a	9.76±0.30a	<5	900.8
P	4875±520a	9.65±0.15a	<5	902.5
N+P	4975±148a	9.36±0.29a	<5	899.1

指标 Index	处理 Treatment				处理效应（F） Effect of treatment（F ）
指标 Index	CK	N	P	N+P	N	P	N × P
土壤温度 Soil temperature/℃	19.42±0.97a	19.21±0.98a	18.97±0.96a	19.30±0.97a	0.75	0.40	0.22
土壤湿度 Soil moisture（%）	45.01±1.02a	47.27±1.25a	47.37±1.02a	48.42±1.56a	0.29	0.43	0.79
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon/（g·kg^?1）	63.15±2.65a	71.85±4.15a	62.63±2.24a	67.00±3.49a	4.13^*	0.70	0.45
土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen/（g·kg^?1）	10.88±0.58b	12.78±0.50a	10.80±0.51b	11.85±0.23ab	9.77^***	1.12	0.81
土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus/（g·kg^?1）	0.07±0.02a	0.08±0.01a	0.06±0.01a	0.17±0.07a	2.67	1.41	2.23
土壤可利用氮含量 Soil availability nitrogen/（mg·kg^?1）	0.09±0.01ab	0.11±0.01a	0.09±0.01b	0.10±0.01ab	4.59^*	0.91	0.36
土壤pH Soil pH	4.55±0.07a	4.46±0.06a	4.54±0.10a	4.45±0.04a	1.81	0.05	0.00
细根生物量 Fine root biomass/（t·hm^?2）	2.44±0.74a	1.88±0.18a	2.42±1.02a	2.13±0.90a	0.30	0.02	0.03
细根有机碳含量 Fine root organic carbon/（g·kg^?1）	346.38±12.95b	384.93±7.43a	383.93±8.32a	351.88±11.99ab	0.10	0.05	11.44^***
细根全氮含量 Fine root total nitrogen/（g·kg^?1）	14.18±1.22b	15.90±1.29ab	14.63±0.38ab	17.30±0.52a	5.46^**	0.97	0.25
细根全磷含量 Fine root total phosphorus/（g·kg^?1）	0.08±0.03ab	0.07±0.02b	0.15±0.04a	0.12±0.02ab	0.77	5.37^**	0.23

指标Index	处理 Treatment				处理效应（F） Effect of treatment（F ）
指标Index	CK	N	P	N + P	N	P	N × P
土壤微生物量 Soil microbial biomass/（nmol·g^?1）	25.42±1.29a	25.14±1.61a	25.47±0.70a	25.43±1.64a	0.01	0.02	0.01
细菌生物量 Bacterial biomass/（nmol·g^?1）	8.84±0.77a	8.34±0.76a	9.13±0.32a	9.03±0.88a	0.18	0.46	0.08
真菌生物量 Fungal biomass/（nmol·g^?1）	0.70±0.09a	0.65±0.11a	0.63±0.05a	0.64±0.09a	0.05	0.20	0.14
丛枝菌根真菌生物量 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biomass/（nmol·g^?1）	0.22±0.03a	0.21±0.03a	0.23±0.02a	0.22±0.03a	0.19	0.13	0.00
放线菌生物量 Actinomycetes biomass/（nmol·g^?1）	1.45±0.13a	1.37±0.14a	1.49±0.06a	1.47±0.14a	0.18	0.31	0.07
革兰氏阳性菌生物量 Gram positive bacteria biomass/（nmol·g^?1）	3.88±0.28a	3.59±0.21a	4.10±0.09a	4.01±0.31a	0.66	1.83	0.20
革兰氏阴性菌生物量 Gram negative bacteria biomass/（nmol·g^?1）	1.51±0.18a	1.41±0.15a	1.51±0.09a	1.52±0.16a	0.08	0.13	0.13
真菌:细菌 Ratio of F to B	0.35±0.01a	0.32±0.01ab	0.31±0.01b	0.31±0.01ab	0.52	4.11^*	1.62
丛枝真菌:真菌 Ratio of AMF to F	0.31±0.01b	0.33±0.02ab	0.37±0.02a	0.34±0.01ab	0.03	3.86^*	1.46
革兰氏阳性细菌:革兰氏阴性细菌 Ratio of GP to GN	2.62±0.16a	2.57±0.12a	2.74±0.10a	2.67±0.09a	0.21	0.73	0.01

处理效应 Effect of treatment	R_s	R_a	R_h
氮添加主效应 N effect	0.122	0.983	0.027
磷添加主效应 P effect	0.015	0.108	0.008
时间主效应 Time	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
氮添加×磷添加 Interaction of N × P	0.171	0.002	<0.001
氮添加×时间 Interaction of N × time	0.986	0.896	0.534
磷添加×时间 Interaction of P × time	0.560	0.801	0.688
氮添加×磷添加×时间 Interaction of N × P × time	1.000	0.716	0.558

土壤呼吸组分 Soil respiration components	模型 Model	处理
土壤呼吸组分 Soil respiration components	模型 Model	CK	N	P	N+P
R_s	1	?44.2	?40.5	?22.3	?44.8
	2	?11.4	?9.6	9.6	?9.6
	3	?10.2	?8.6	10.5	?9.7
	4	?8.4	?6.4	12.3	?6.6
	5	?43.8	?40.4	?24.1	?39.8
	6	11.2	12.1	14.5	10.6
	7	12.7	13.4	14.6	11.5
R_a	1	?33.8	?33.3	?14.7	?19.1
	2	?21.4	?13.6	3.1	?16.6
	3	?20.1	?11.9	3.7	?20.6
	4	?18.4	?10.6	5.8	?13.4
	5	?35.8	?35.0	?16.2	?15.1
	6	?4.4	2.5	4.3	?1.9
	7	?3.2	3.8	3.6	?2.7
R_h	1	?49.5	?52.1	?46.8	?43.2
	2	?39.1	?51.0	?39.3	?31.6
	3	?37.1	?49.3	?37.5	?30.5
	4	?37.1	?49.1	?37.4	?29.3
	5	?40.7	?40.5	?39.3	?43.7
	6	?9.8	?20.7	?15.3	?14.9
	7	?10.7	?18.8	?17.3	?16.8