水煮处理竹材的吸湿性和化学成分研究

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究水煮处理对竹材吸湿性和化学成分的影响, 为竹材改性提供技术参考。方法: 将竹片置于100 ℃沸水中(竹片和水的质量比为1∶100)水煮处理4 h, 利用动态水分吸附仪(DVS)测试水煮处理前后竹材动态水分吸附曲线, 采用Hailwood-Horrobin(H-H)模型对测试数据进行拟合, 通过扫描电镜(SEM)、化学成分测试、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等手段分析水煮处理前后竹材的微观形貌、化学成分和结晶区参数。结果: 竹材经水煮处理后, 在相对湿度大于50%的环境中, 其平衡含水率相对于原竹对照样降低。H-H模型拟合显示, 当相对湿度大于35%时, 水煮处理竹材的单分子层水含量增加, 多分子层水含量显著降低。扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明, 水煮处理后竹材薄壁细胞细胞壁发生皱缩现象, 细胞壁上微孔减少, 多分子层水含量降低。化学组分分析显示, 水煮处理使竹材中部分半纤维素发生降解。FTIR分析显示, 水煮处理竹材的羟基和羰基含量增多, 是其单分子层水含量增多的主要原因。XPS分析显示, 水煮处理使竹材中半纤维素发生降解, 同时脂肪酸、脂肪、酚类等物质随水分迁移到竹材表面。XRD分析显示, 水煮处理主要影响竹材的非结晶区域, 结晶区宽度增大; 半纤维素降解使竹材结晶度增大。结论: 竹材在沸水中水煮处理4 h后, 其吸湿性相对于原竹对照样降低, 尺寸稳定性得到改善, 水煮处理竹材微观形貌和化学成分变化是使其吸湿性降低的主要因素。

关键词: 毛竹, 水煮处理, 动态水分吸附, Hailwood-Horrobin(H-H)模型

Abstract:

Objective: This paper was proposed to reveal the effects of boiling treatments on the hygroscopicity and chemical compositions of moso bamboo and provide technical references for bamboo modification. Method: The bamboo samples were treated in the boiling water (with the quality ratio of bamboo/water was 1∶100) for 4 h. The dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) was used to study the dynamic moisture adsorption curve, and the experimental data were analyzed by Hailwood-Horrobin(H-H) model. Meanwhile, the microstructure chemical compositions and crystal parameters of bamboo were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Result: The results showed that the boiling-treated bamboo had lower equilibrium moisture contents(EMC) than those of the raw bamboo when the relative humidity(RH) was higher than 50%. The H-H model analysis showed that the monolayer moisture content increased, while the polymer moisture content decreased for the boiling-treated bamboo when the RH was higher than 35%. As indicated by SEM images, the parenchyma cell wall shrank after treatment, which decreased the number of micro-pores, and consequently decreased the polymer moisture content. Meanwhile, the hemicellulose was partially degraded as indicated by the chemical composition content analysis. The FTIR analysis showed that the OH, CO groups of boiling-treated bamboo increased, which increased the monolayer moisture content. The XPS results showed that the polysaccharose degraded, and the fatty acid, fat and phenols moved to the surface of bamboo. The XRD analysis indicated that the amorphous region was changed, while the width of crystallite in crystal region and the crystallinity increased. Conclusion: The sorption behavior of bamboo decreased after boiling treated for 4 h, whereas its dimensional stability was improved. The changes in the micro-morphology of bamboo cell wall and chemical compositions had great effects on the water sorption properties of bamboo.

Key words: moso bamboo, boiling treatment, dynamic vapour sorption, Hailwood-Horrobin(H-H)model

中图分类号:

S785

李澍农,张亚梅,余养伦,于文吉. 水煮处理竹材的吸湿性和化学成分研究[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(1): 119-126.

Shunong Li,Yamei Zhang,Yanglun Yu,Wenji Yu. Study on the Hygroscopicity and Chemical Compositions of Boiling-Treated Moso Bamboo[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(1): 119-126.

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材料Samples	H-H模型参数Parameters of the H-H model
材料Samples	W	K₁	K₂	R²
原竹Raw bamboo	324.18	1.26	0.78	0.999 69
水煮处理竹材Boiling-treated bamboo	262.34	1.12	0.67	0.999 73

材料Samples	综纤维素含量Holocellulose(%)	α-纤维素含量α-cellulose(%)	木素Lignin(%)
原竹Raw bamboo	68.25	41.42	22.03
水煮处理竹材Boiling-treated bamboo	65.88	41.37	23.11

材料Samples	I_{3 425}/I_{1 424}	I_{1 735}/I_{1 424}	I_{1 644}/I_{1 424}	I_{1 600}/I_{1 424}	I₁₂₄₇/I_{1 424}	I_{1 051}/I_{1 424}
原竹Raw bamboo	1.368	1.011	0.851	1.020	1.266	1.686
水煮处理竹材Boiling-treated bamboo	1.846	1.081	0.946	1.071	1.169	1.487

样品Sample	O/C	C1s
		C1		C2		C3
		BE/eV	RC(%)	BE/eV	RC(%)	BE/eV	RC(%)
原竹 Raw bamboo	0.50	284.78	34.26	286.48	55.12	288.30	10.62
水煮处理竹材 Boiling-treated bamboo	0.36	284.75	45.92	286.40	46.17	288.50	7.91

样品 Samples	衍射角 Diffraction angle (2θ)/(°)	半峰宽 Width at half of peak	结晶宽度 Crystal width / nm	层间距 Space between crystal layer/nm	结晶指数 Crystallization index(CrI)(%)
原竹 Raw bamboo	22.12	2.89	2.77	0.402	54.69
水煮处理竹材 Boiling-treated bamboo	22.11	2.75	2.91	0.402	56.66