毛竹笋采后呼吸途径变化及高氧处理效应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220604

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究毛竹笋采后呼吸途径变化以及高浓度氧气处理对其呼吸作用的影响, 揭示毛竹笋采后呼吸作用和老化机制, 为竹笋保鲜提供理论依据。方法: 将未出土毛竹笋置于空气(21%O₂+79%N₂)和高浓度氧气(90%O₂+10%N₂)环境下, 通过观察竹笋腐烂情况和超微切片, 分析呼吸速率和丙酮酸激酶(PK)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)、6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶(6-PGDH)等关键呼吸代谢酶活性以及烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)、还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADP)、还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)等关键呼吸代谢底物和产物含量变化, 探究毛竹笋呼吸作用变化以及高浓度氧气处理对其呼吸作用的影响。结果: 在竹笋慢速生长阶段, 下部线粒体结构较致密, 内嵴数量较多; 在竹笋快速生长阶段, 中部线粒体空泡肿胀, 内嵴数量较少; 空气处理下, 竹笋线粒体数量随储存时间增加而减少, 第4天出现空泡和肿胀, 但高浓度氧气处理下, 线粒体数量显著高于空气处理。笋体氧含量在空气和高浓度氧气处理的前4天均处于较低水平且无显著差异, 第4~6天显著增加, 6天时高浓度氧气处理笋体氧含量是空气处理的1.5倍, 氧气变化趋势与其腐烂速度相吻合。3)空气和高浓度氧气处理竹笋体乙醇含量均呈慢—快—慢的增加趋势, 二者含量均无显著差异, 高浓度氧气处理笋体乙醇含量未显著降低。空气处理笋体的呼吸速率逐渐降低, SDH、PK、G-6-PDH和6-PGDH酶活性均呈升高趋势, 糖酵解和三羧酸循环的关键底物NAD含量呈先增后减趋势, 关键产物NADH含量逐渐增加, 戊糖磷酸途径关键底物NADP含量减少, 而产物NADPH含量增加; 高浓度氧气处理笋体的呼吸速率和呼吸关键酶活性显著增加(P＜0.05), 但NADH和产物NADPH含量显著降低(P＜0.05)。结论: 毛竹笋采后呼吸作用方式和途径取决于其环境氧含量, 符合竹笋生长发育特点: 在空气处理下, 竹笋以无氧呼吸为主、有氧呼吸为辅, 有氧呼吸代谢以EMP-TCA循环和PPP交替变化进行, 0~2天以PPP为主, 2~4天以EMP和TCA循环代谢为主, 4~6天3种途径几乎停止; 在高浓度氧气处理下, 毛竹笋以有氧呼吸为主、无氧呼吸为辅, TCA循环和PPP代谢受到促进, 无氧呼吸受到抑制, 高浓度氧气处理通过提高呼吸速率和PPP、TCA途径比例以及降低笋体乙醇含量延缓竹笋腐烂速率。

关键词: 高浓度氧气, 毛竹笋, 呼吸速率, 三羧酸循环, 糖酵解, 戊糖磷酸途径

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the changes of respiration pathways of postharvest moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)shoot and the effects of high concentration oxygen (H, 90%O₂+10%N₂) treatment on the respiration, in order to reveal the respiration and aging mechanisms of bamboo shoots and provide theoretical underpinnings of bamboo shoot preservation. Method: The 3-meter bamboo shoots were unexcavated and placed in the atmosphere (A, 21%O₂+79%N₂) and High-concentration oxygen environments(H, 90%O₂+10%N₂)in room temperature, respectively. The aging and decay of moso shoots and its ultrafine sections were examined. The respiration rate, activities of key enzymes involved in respiration metabolism were analyzed, including pyruvate kinase (PK), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose 6-phosphatedehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH).Thekey metabolic substrates and metabolites such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH)) were measured, to study the respiration change sof the postharvested moso shoot and the impact of H treatment on them. Result: The mitochondrial structure in the basal part of moso shoots at the slow-growing stage was compact with a lot of cristae. At the fast-growing stage, the mitochondrial structure in the middle part of moso shoots appeared swollen vacuoles withless cristae. During the storage, the number of mitochondria in the shoots with air treatment decreased gradually and the vacuoles swelled on Day 4, but the number of mitochondria by hyperoxia treatment was significantly higher than that by air treatment. In the first 4 days, the oxygen contents in shoot bodies in both A and H treatments remained at a low level and showed little difference with each other. While the oxygen level increased drastically in Day 4-6. On Day 6, the oxygen content of shoot bodies with H treatment was 1.5 times of that withA treatment. The change trendof oxygen content was in accord with the rate of aging and decay. In both A and H treatments. The ethanol contents in moso shoots treated with A and H showed a "slow-fast-slow" increasing pattern. The ethanol content showed no significant difference between the two treatments and the ethanol contents in moso shoots treated with H did not decline significantly. In A treatment, The respiration rate of shoots treated with A decreased gradually, and the enzyme activities of SDH, PK, G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH increased. The content of NAD, a key substrate of glycolysis (EMP) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), increased initially and decreased later, and the content of NADH increased gradually. The content of NADP, the key substrate of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), decreased, but the content of NADPH increased. In H treatment, the respiration rate and the activities of key respiration-related enzymes increased significantly (P < 0.05), but the contents of NADH and NADPH, the key metabolites of respiration, significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The respiration pathways of postharvested moso shoots are definitely affected by the ambient oxygen concentration. In A treatment, the aging process of the moso shoot is mainly attributed to anaerobic respiration, not aerobic respiration. EMP, TCA and PPP pathways are changed alternately in aerobic metabolism of postharvested moso shoot. PPP pathway is dominant in Day 0-2, EMP and TCA peaked in Day 2-4, and all three pathways almost stopped in Day 4-6. In H treatment, moso shoot relies primarily on aerobic respiration, supplemented with anaerobic respiration.TCA and PPP metabolic processes are promoted, but anaerobic respiration is inhibited. It has been found that H treatment deterres the aging and decay of postharvested moso shoots by increasing respiration rate, enhancing PPP and TCA and lowering the ethanol content in moso shoot.

Key words: high concentration oxygen, moso bamboo shoot, respiration rate, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway

中图分类号:

S718.43

马瑞乡,黄满昌,张佳佳,赵澳舜,丁兴萃,罗自生,刘胜辉,肖子璋,沈凯. 毛竹笋采后呼吸途径变化及高氧处理效应[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(6): 33-46.

Ruixiang Ma,Manchang Huang,Jiajia Zhang,Aoshun Zhao,Xingcui Ding,Zisheng Luo,Shenghui Liu,Zizhang Xiao,Kai Shen. Variation in Respiration Pathways of Post-Harvested Treatment Shoots of Moso Bamboo and the Effect of Hyperoxia Treatment[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(6): 33-46.

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时间Time/d	处理Treatment(%)
时间Time/d	空气 Atmosphere	高氧 High-concentration oxygen
0	0	0
2	4.17	0
4	16.67	8.33
6	62.50	41.67

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